CN117449986B - Low-pressure EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation and control system of ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Low-pressure EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation and control system of ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine Download PDF

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CN117449986B
CN117449986B CN202311660082.8A CN202311660082A CN117449986B CN 117449986 B CN117449986 B CN 117449986B CN 202311660082 A CN202311660082 A CN 202311660082A CN 117449986 B CN117449986 B CN 117449986B
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egr
pressure egr
pipeline
exhaust gas
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CN117449986A (en
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孙万臣
王潇楠
郭亮
张�浩
朱格男
曾文鹏
林少典
蒋梦奇
于长友
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/0077—Control of the EGR valve or actuator, e.g. duty cycle, closed loop control of position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/16—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system with EGR valves located at or near the connection to the exhaust system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/17—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system
    • F02M26/21—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system with EGR valves located at or near the connection to the intake system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/35—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for cleaning or treating the recirculated gases, e.g. catalysts, condensate traps, particle filters or heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/38—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with two or more EGR valves disposed in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/42—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders
    • F02M26/44—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders in which a main EGR passage is branched into multiple passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/45—Sensors specially adapted for EGR systems
    • F02M26/46—Sensors specially adapted for EGR systems for determining the characteristics of gases, e.g. composition
    • F02M26/47—Sensors specially adapted for EGR systems for determining the characteristics of gases, e.g. composition the characteristics being temperatures, pressures or flow rates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/1015—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the engine type
    • F02M35/10157—Supercharged engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10209—Fluid connections to the air intake system; their arrangement of pipes, valves or the like
    • F02M35/10222—Exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]; Positive crankcase ventilation [PCV]; Additional air admission, lubricant or fuel vapour admission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/36—Control for minimising NOx emissions

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of internal combustion engines, and provides a low-pressure EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) waste gas component and temperature composite regulation and control system of an ammonia fuel internal combustion engine, which comprises an ECU (electronic control unit), an exhaust system, a low-pressure EGR system and an air inlet system; the exhaust system comprises a supercharger turbine end and an exhaust pipeline; the low-pressure EGR system comprises a low-pressure EGR pipeline and three low-pressure EGR branches, on-off valves are arranged on the low-pressure EGR branches, an EGR intercooler A, EGR intercooler B and an EGR heater are correspondingly arranged on the three low-pressure EGR branches, the low-pressure EGR branches are connected with the EGR valves, and an EGR temperature sensor is further arranged on the pipeline of the EGR valves; the air inlet system comprises an air inlet flowmeter, an air filter, a supercharger compressor end, an air inlet intercooler, an electronic throttle valve and an air inlet manifold. The system can improve the combustion speed and combustion stability of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine, broaden the working condition range, and is beneficial to improving the thermal efficiency of an ammonia fuel power system and reducing the emission of nitrogen-containing pollutants.

Description

Low-pressure EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation and control system of ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and particularly relates to a low-pressure EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation and control system of an ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine.
Background
Ammonia is used as a zero-carbon fuel, and the complete combustion products of the ammonia are nitrogen and water, so that the ammonia is an ideal fuel for the internal combustion engine facing the low-carbon and clean targets. However, when the ammonia fuel is used as the main fuel of the internal combustion engine, the problems of low combustion speed, narrow combustible limit range, high ignition energy and the like exist, so that in actual use, the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine has difficult combustion organization and higher pollutant emission.
Due to the limitations in the physicochemical properties of ammonia itself, which makes it difficult to apply ammonia fuel alone as a fuel on internal combustion engines, igniting ammonia by various highly reactive combustion-supporting fuels is considered as an effective solution. In a compression ignition engine, injection of ammonia into an intake port by direct injection of high-activity fuel such as diesel oil in a cylinder is considered as a way of effectively improving combustion of ammonia fuel and increasing combustion speed and thermal efficiency. However, the ammonia fuel has more severe ignition and combustion conditions, so that the emission of NO X and unburned NH 3 in the tail gas is higher. As an effective combustion regulation means, the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) has important significance in optimizing the combustion characteristics of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine, widening the working condition range of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine, improving the emission of nitrogen-containing pollutants and the like.
In conventional compression ignition engines, EGR technology is mainly used to destroy the NO X production conditions by reducing the oxygen concentration and combustion temperature. For an ammonia fuel internal combustion engine, an EGR technology is introduced to regulate and control the initial temperature and components of mixed gas entering a combustion chamber according to the current working condition, so that the combustion boundary condition of ammonia fuel is improved, the rapid and stable complete combustion of the ammonia fuel is realized, meanwhile, generated NO X and unburned NH 3 are reintroduced into a cylinder, nitrogen and water which are free of pollution are generated through the oxidation-reduction reaction between NO X and NH 3, and the emission of nitrogen-containing pollutants of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is further reduced. The existing EGR technology is classified into a cold EGR and a hot EGR according to whether an EGR intercooler is connected in an EGR line. As the main fuel of the traditional compression ignition engine is carbon-based fuel and the NO X generated by combustion is basically thermal NO X, an EGR intercooler is additionally arranged to cool EGR waste gas, so that the initial temperature of combustion in a cylinder is reduced, the generation condition of NO X is damaged, and the generation amount of NO X in combustion products is reduced; for an ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine, the generated NO X is not only the thermal NO X but also the fuel NO X, so that the thermal NO X is controlled by adopting a cold-hot EGR combined mode, and the emission of the fuel NO X is reduced at the same time, thereby realizing the rapid, stable and clean combustion of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine. Because of the slow combustion speed of ammonia fuel, poor combustion phenomena such as quenching and the like easily occur in the combustion process, the initial temperature of combustion in the cylinder of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is not too low, and the application of the cooled EGR in the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is limited. When the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is in a small load or idle working condition, the circulating exhaust gas is heated by an additional heating device, so that the combustion initial temperature in the cylinder is ensured, and the incomplete combustion condition of the ammonia fuel is improved. However, NO X is one of the incomplete combustion products of the ammonia fuel, and is easily produced under high temperature and oxygen-enriched conditions, so that the in-cylinder combustion temperature of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is not too high to reduce the production amount of NO X.
The EGR technology applied to an internal combustion engine for a vehicle today is classified into high-pressure EGR and low-pressure EGR according to the difference in the arrangement positions of the EGR line and the turbocharger. Compared with the low-pressure EGR, the high-pressure EGR reduces the working efficiency of the turbine to a certain extent due to the fact that the air is taken before the turbocharger, and when the high-pressure EGR is adopted, an EGR valve and related components are polluted by exhaust gas generally, and the overall thermal efficiency is lower than that of the low-pressure EGR. The use of low pressure EGR has limited widespread use because of the relatively high particulate emissions produced by conventional diesel combustion, and the use of low pressure EGR can severely impact the useful life of the associated operating components, particularly the turbocharger.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a low-pressure EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation and control system of an ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine, which aims to solve the problems in the background art.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that a low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation and control system of an ammonia fuel internal combustion engine comprises an ECU, an exhaust system, a low-pressure EGR system and an air inlet system, wherein:
the exhaust system comprises a supercharger turbine end, wherein two exhaust pipelines are arranged at the supercharger turbine end;
The low-pressure EGR system comprises a low-pressure EGR pipeline connected with one exhaust pipeline, wherein the other end of the low-pressure EGR pipeline is connected with a low-pressure EGR main pipeline A, a low-pressure EGR branch B and a low-pressure EGR branch C in series, on-off valves are respectively arranged on the low-pressure EGR main pipeline A, the low-pressure EGR branch B and the low-pressure EGR branch C, three on-off valves are respectively defined as an on-off valve A, an on-off valve B and an on-off valve C, the on-off valves are correspondingly arranged on the low-pressure EGR main pipeline A, the low-pressure EGR branch B and the low-pressure EGR branch C, an EGR intercooler A is also connected on the low-pressure EGR main pipeline A in series, an EGR intercooler B is connected on the low-pressure EGR branch B in series, an EGR heater is connected on the low-pressure EGR branch C in series, one ends of the low-pressure EGR main pipeline A, the low-pressure EGR branch B and the low-pressure EGR branch C, which are far away from the low-pressure EGR pipeline, are respectively connected with the EGR valves, one side of the EGR valves is also provided with an EGR pressure difference sensor for detecting the pressure difference between two ends of the EGR valves, and the pipeline is also provided with a temperature sensor;
the air inlet system is formed by connecting an air inlet flowmeter, an air filter, a supercharger compressor end, an air inlet intercooler, an electronic throttle valve and an air inlet manifold in series, wherein the air inlet manifold is finally connected with an air inlet channel of a cylinder cover, and the EGR valve is connected with a pipeline between the air filter and the supercharger compressor end through a pipeline;
the ECU is connected with all the electric components at the same time and used for signal receiving and feedback control.
According to a further technical scheme, a layer of heat insulation material is sleeved outside the exhaust pipeline.
Further technical solution, a gas separation membrane is further disposed between the low-pressure EGR shunt B and the low-pressure EGR shunt C.
Another object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling a low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and a temperature of an ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine, based on the above-mentioned system for controlling a low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and a temperature of an ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine, comprising the steps of:
Step 1, when EGR is needed for combustion regulation of an ammonia fuel internal combustion engine, an EGR valve is opened after being controlled by an ECU, and combustion waste gas flows into a low-pressure EGR pipeline from an exhaust pipeline due to the action of pressure difference;
Step 2, after an EGR valve in a low-pressure EGR pipeline is opened, the ECU acquires the temperature and the pressure of circulating exhaust gas in the current low-pressure EGR pipeline through feedback signals of an EGR pressure difference sensor and an EGR temperature sensor, calculates the flow of circulating exhaust gas flowing through the EGR valve by combining the components of the circulating exhaust gas in the current selected low-pressure EGR shunt and the feedback signals of an EGR valve opening sensor, calculates the EGR rate of mixed gas in the current air inlet pipeline through an air inlet flowmeter, and adjusts the opening of the EGR valve according to the difference value between the EGR rate of air inlet in a combustion chamber and the target EGR rate required by the current working condition;
Step 3, after an EGR valve in a low-pressure EGR pipeline is opened, the ECU selects a proper low-pressure EGR branch according to the working condition of the current ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine, and carries out corresponding heating or cooling treatment on circulating exhaust gas by controlling the on-off valve A, the on-off valve B and the on-off valve C in a low-pressure EGR system, so as to regulate and control the air inlet temperature and indirectly influence the combustion initial temperature in a cylinder, and adjusts the power of an EGR heater or the cooling intensity of an EGR intercooler in the low-pressure EGR branch according to the feedback signal of an EGR temperature sensor, thereby realizing closed-loop control on the air inlet temperature in the cylinder of the ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine;
step 4, when the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine works under the working condition of small ammonia substitution rate, the ECU controls the on-off valve A in the low-pressure EGR main path A to be opened, circulating exhaust gas flows into the low-pressure EGR main path A, and the circulating exhaust gas is cooled through the EGR intercooler A in the low-pressure EGR main path A, so that the combustion initial temperature of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is reduced;
Step 5, when the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is under a large load working condition, the ECU controls the on-off valve B in the low-pressure EGR main path B to be opened, circulating exhaust gas flows into the low-pressure EGR branch path B, at the moment, after the circulating exhaust gas is screened by the gas separation membrane, the content of nitrogen is reduced, the proportion of water vapor is increased, and low-pressure EGR exhaust gas rich in water vapor is formed; the circulating exhaust gas rich in water vapor is cooled by an EGR intercooler B in a low-pressure EGR shunt B, so that the temperature of the mixed gas reentered into the combustion chamber is reduced;
Step 6, when the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is in a working condition of poor ammonia fuel combustion initial conditions such as small load, idling or cold start, the ECU controls the on-off valve C to be opened, and circulating exhaust gas flows into the low-pressure EGR shunt C; at the moment, the content of water vapor is reduced after the circulating exhaust gas is subjected to screening treatment of a gas separation membrane, the proportion of nitrogen is increased, so that nitrogen-rich low-pressure EGR exhaust gas is formed, the nitrogen-rich circulating exhaust gas is heated by an EGR heater in a low-pressure EGR shunt C, and the temperature of mixed gas entering a combustion chamber is increased;
Step 7, when the on-off valve B or the on-off valve C in the low-pressure EGR pipeline is opened, circulating gas flows through the gas separation membrane between the low-pressure EGR shunt B and the low-pressure EGR shunt C, the gas separation membrane screens the components of the circulating waste gas, and the proportion of nitrogen and water vapor in the circulating waste gas is changed, so that the intake components of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine are regulated and controlled;
step 8, after circulating exhaust gas in the low-pressure EGR pipeline flows into the air inlet pipeline, mixing the circulating exhaust gas with fresh working medium in the air inlet pipeline to form mixed gas with certain exhaust gas content, and after the mixed gas is pressurized through a compressor end of the supercharger, primarily improving the content of the mixed gas entering the combustion chamber;
Step 9, when the supercharging pressure is higher and the air intake intercooler works normally, after the mixed gas in the air intake pipeline flows into the air intake intercooler, the engine cooling liquid cools the mixed gas, so that the charging efficiency of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is improved;
Step 10, when the rotation speed of the supercharger is insufficient and the supercharging pressure is low, the temperature of engine cooling liquid in the air intake intercooler is higher than the temperature of the mixed gas after supercharging, and at the moment, the mixed gas is heated by high-temperature cooling liquid, so that the initial temperature of air intake required by ammonia fuel combustion is improved;
step 11, when the mixed gas in the air inlet pipeline flows through the electronic throttle valve, the ECU adjusts the opening of the electronic throttle valve in real time according to the air inflow required by the current working condition, and accurately controls the high-activity pilot fuel in the cylinder and the air inflow required by ammonia combustion;
and 12, when the ECU receives a stop signal of the low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation system of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine, the EGR valve is controlled to be closed, and the low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation system stops working.
The low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation and control system of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Compared with the traditional compression ignition internal combustion engine, the combustion engine has the advantages that the effect of actively regulating and controlling the temperature of intake air in a cylinder is achieved, so that the combustion initial condition of ammonia fuel is indirectly improved, the problems of low combustion speed and unstable combustion of the ammonia fuel are solved, and meanwhile, the emission of incomplete combustion products is reduced;
(2) Compared with a high-pressure EGR system, the high-activity pilot fuel and ammonia combined dual-fuel engine has the advantages that solid pollutants such as particulate matters generated by combustion are obviously fewer, the influence on the work and the service life of a turbocharger is reduced, the low-pressure EGR system is more beneficial to exerting the advantages of widening the working range of the ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine, improving the combustion consistency of each cylinder and the like, and the thermal efficiency of the ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine can be further improved; the EGR pipeline is additionally arranged behind the turbocharger, so that the working efficiency of the exhaust turbine is not lost, and the response speed of the turbocharger is improved and the turbo lag phenomenon is weakened after the exhaust gas generated by combustion passes through the turbocharger;
(3) The low-pressure EGR pipeline is divided into the low-pressure EGR main pipeline and the two low-pressure EGR branches, so that the ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine is facilitated to select proper low-pressure EGR branches under different working conditions, the temperature of circulating exhaust gas flowing into the combustion chamber again is improved through heating (or cooling) treatment in the different low-pressure EGR branches, the air inlet temperature in a cylinder is indirectly changed through regulating and controlling the temperature of the circulating exhaust gas, the closed-loop control of the air inlet temperature of the ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine is realized, the working range of the ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine is widened, and meanwhile, the combustion speed, the combustion stability and the pollutant emission condition of ammonia fuel in the combustion chamber under different working conditions are improved; by additionally arranging the gas separation membrane in the low-pressure EGR pipeline, the proportion of nitrogen and water vapor in the circulating exhaust gas is changed, and the adjustment of the components of the circulating exhaust gas in different low-pressure EGR branches is realized. Because the specific heat capacity of the diatomic gas nitrogen and the steam of the triatomic gas and the action of the triatomic gas nitrogen on the ammonia combustion reaction are different, the components of the circulating gas in different low-pressure EGR branches are regulated through the gas separation membrane, so that the energy consumption is reduced while the emission of pollutants in a cylinder is ensured, the air inlet temperature in the cylinder is indirectly influenced, the thermal efficiency of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is improved, and the emission of nitrogen-containing pollutants generated by the combustion of the ammonia fuel is reduced. The low-pressure EGR waste gas component and the temperature composite regulation and control system are beneficial to realizing the efficient, stable and clean combustion of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine under the full load.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation system for an ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a control logic diagram of a low-pressure EGR exhaust gas composition and temperature composite regulation system for an ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the accompanying drawings: an exhaust line 1; a pipeline external heat insulation material 2; a supercharger turbine end 3; a low pressure EGR line 4; a gas separation membrane 5; an on-off valve 6; EGR intercooler A7; an EGR intercooler B8; an EGR heater 9; an EGR valve 10; an EGR differential pressure sensor 11; an EGR valve opening sensor 12; an EGR temperature sensor 13; an intake flowmeter 14; an ECU15; an air cleaner 16; a booster compressor end 17; an intake charge air intercooler 18; an electronic throttle valve 19; an intake manifold 20.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Specific implementations of the invention are described in detail below in connection with specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation and control system for an ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an ECU15, an exhaust system, a low-pressure EGR system, and an intake system, wherein:
The exhaust system comprises a supercharger turbine end 3, wherein the supercharger turbine end 3 is provided with two exhaust pipelines 1;
The low-pressure EGR system comprises a low-pressure EGR pipeline 4 connected with one exhaust pipeline 1, wherein the other end of the low-pressure EGR pipeline 4 is connected with a low-pressure EGR main pipeline A, a low-pressure EGR branch B and a low-pressure EGR branch C in series, on-off valves 6 are respectively arranged on the low-pressure EGR main pipeline A, the low-pressure EGR branch B and the low-pressure EGR branch C, the three on-off valves 6 are respectively defined as an on-off valve 6A, an on-off valve 6B and an on-off valve 6C, the on-off valves are correspondingly arranged on the low-pressure EGR main pipeline A, the low-pressure EGR branch B and the low-pressure EGR branch C, an EGR intercooler A7 is connected on the low-pressure EGR main pipeline A in series, an EGR intercooler B8 is connected on the low-pressure EGR branch B in series, an EGR heater 9 is connected on the low-pressure EGR branch C in series, one ends of the low-pressure EGR main pipeline A, the low-pressure EGR branch B and the low-pressure EGR branch C, which are far from the low-pressure EGR pipeline 4, are respectively connected with an EGR valve 10, and a differential pressure sensor 10 is arranged on one side of the low-pressure EGR pipeline 10, and a differential pressure sensor 11 is arranged on the two sides of the EGR valve 10 is provided with a differential pressure sensor 11;
The air inlet system is formed by connecting an air inlet flowmeter 14, an air filter 16, a booster compressor end 17, an air inlet intercooler 18, an electronic throttle valve 19 and an air inlet manifold 20 in series, wherein the air inlet manifold 20 is finally connected with an air inlet channel of a cylinder cover, and the EGR valve 10 is connected with a pipeline between the air filter 16 and the booster compressor end 17 through a pipeline;
the ECU15 is connected to each electrical component at the same time for signal reception and feedback control.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the EGR valve 10 is controlled to be opened by the ECU15 for a certain opening degree, high-temperature waste gas enters the low-pressure EGR pipeline 4 due to the action of pressure difference, the ECU15 acquires the temperature and the pressure of the circulating waste gas in the current low-pressure EGR pipeline through the feedback signals of the EGR pressure difference sensor 11 and the EGR temperature sensor 13, calculates the flow of the circulating waste gas flowing through the EGR valve 10 by combining the components of the circulating waste gas in the current selected low-pressure EGR shunt and the feedback signals of the EGR valve opening sensor 12, calculates the EGR rate of the mixed gas in the current air inlet pipeline through the air inlet flowmeter 14, and adjusts the opening degree of the EGR valve 10 according to the difference value of the current EGR rate and the target EGR rate required by fuel combustion in the combustion chamber, thereby realizing flexible regulation and control of the EGR rate required by the current working condition of the ammonia-fuelled internal combustion engine.
As shown in FIG. 1, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust pipeline 1 is externally sleeved with a layer of heat insulation material 2, and by performing heat preservation treatment on high-temperature exhaust gas, the exhaust temperature is increased, and the energy dissipation is reduced, so that the influence on the working efficiency of the turbocharger is reduced, more exhaust residual energy is recycled through the supercharger, and the reliable operation of the ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine aftertreatment device is facilitated, and when the ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine is in an idle or small-load working condition, the addition of the heat insulation material outside the exhaust pipeline is beneficial to reducing the heat dissipation when high-temperature exhaust gas flows through the exhaust pipeline, and increasing the initial temperature of the circulating exhaust gas re-entering the combustion chamber, thereby indirectly increasing the combustion initial temperature of the ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine, improving the combustion stability and the combustion speed of the ammonia-fuel and reducing the generation of incomplete combustion products.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, since the main fuel of the high-activity fuel-fired premixed ammonia internal combustion engine is ammonia, the proportion of carbon-based fuel such as diesel oil is low, and solid pollutants such as particulate matters generated by combustion are less, the particulate matters of the high-temperature exhaust gas flowing into the low-pressure EGR pipeline are not removed, and an after-treatment device can be added after the connection part of the exhaust pipeline 1 and the low-pressure EGR pipeline 4 if required in practical application.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for regulating and controlling the low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and the temperature of an ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
Step 1, when EGR is needed for combustion regulation of an ammonia fuel internal combustion engine, an EGR valve is opened after being controlled by an ECU, and combustion waste gas flows into a low-pressure EGR pipeline from an exhaust pipeline due to the action of pressure difference;
Step 2, after an EGR valve in a low-pressure EGR pipeline is opened, the ECU acquires the temperature and the pressure of circulating exhaust gas in the current low-pressure EGR pipeline through feedback signals of an EGR pressure difference sensor and an EGR temperature sensor, calculates the flow of circulating exhaust gas flowing through the EGR valve by combining the components of the circulating exhaust gas in the current selected low-pressure EGR shunt and the feedback signals of an EGR valve opening sensor, calculates the EGR rate of mixed gas in the current air inlet pipeline through an air inlet flowmeter, and adjusts the opening of the EGR valve according to the difference value between the EGR rate of air inlet in a combustion chamber and the target EGR rate required by the current working condition;
And 3, after the EGR valve 10 is opened, the ECU15 selects a proper low-pressure EGR shunt according to the working condition of the current ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine, and correspondingly heats (or cools) the circulating exhaust gas by controlling the on-off valve 6A, the on-off valve 6B and the on-off valve 6C in the low-pressure EGR system to change the temperature of the circulating exhaust gas flowing into the combustion chamber again, thereby regulating and controlling the air inlet temperature and indirectly influencing the combustion initial temperature in the cylinder, and regulating the power of the EGR heater 9 (or the cooling intensity of the EGR intercooler A7 or the EGR intercooler B8) in the low-pressure EGR shunt according to the feedback signal of the EGR temperature sensor 13 so as to realize closed-loop control of the air inlet temperature in the cylinder of the ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine.
And 4, if the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is under the working condition of small ammonia substitution rate, the on-off valve 6A is opened after being controlled by the ECU15, and the circulating exhaust gas flows into the low-pressure EGR main path A, so that the composition of the circulating exhaust gas is not changed. The circulating exhaust gas is cooled by low-temperature cooling water after flowing through the EGR intercooler A7, so that the temperature of the circulating exhaust gas re-entering the combustion chamber is reduced, the combustion initial temperature of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is indirectly reduced, the generation condition of thermal NO X is damaged, and the NO X emission of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine under the current working condition is improved.
And 5, if the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is under a large load working condition, the on-off valve 6B is controlled by the ECU15 and then is opened, and circulating exhaust gas flows into the low-pressure EGR shunt B. At this time, after the circulating exhaust gas is subjected to the screening treatment by the gas separation membrane 5, the nitrogen content is reduced, the water vapor content is increased, and the low-pressure EGR exhaust gas rich in water vapor is formed. Because the water vapor is three-molecule and has larger specific heat capacity, the circulating exhaust gas rich in the water vapor is cooled by the EGR intercooler B8 in the low-pressure EGR shunt B, the temperature of the mixed gas reentered into the combustion chamber is reduced, the high-temperature generation condition of the thermal NO X is restrained, and meanwhile, the temperature in the cylinder is controlled to be higher than the generation temperature range of the fuel NO X, so that the emission of the fuel NO X is restrained.
And 6, if the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is in a working condition of poor ammonia fuel combustion initial conditions such as small load, idling or cold start, the on-off valve C6C is controlled by the ECU15 and then is opened, and circulating exhaust gas flows into the low-pressure EGR shunt C. At this time, the circulating exhaust gas is subjected to the screening treatment by the gas separation membrane 5, and then the steam content is reduced and the nitrogen content is increased, so that the nitrogen-rich low-pressure EGR exhaust gas is formed. Because nitrogen is diatomic molecule and has smaller specific heat capacity, the EGR heater 9 in the low-pressure EGR shunt C is used for heating the circulating waste gas rich in nitrogen, the temperature of the mixed gas entering the combustion chamber is increased, the energy consumption is reduced, and the improvement of the initial temperature of ammonia fuel combustion and the reduction of the emission of incomplete ammonia fuel combustion products are facilitated.
And 7, if the on-off valve 6B or the on-off valve 6C in the low-pressure EGR pipeline is opened, when the circulating gas flows through the gas separation membrane 5 between the low-pressure EGR shunt B and the low-pressure EGR shunt C, the gas separation membrane 5 can screen the components of the circulating waste gas, and the proportion of nitrogen and water vapor in the circulating waste gas is changed, so that the flexible regulation and control of the mixed intake components in the cylinder of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine are realized.
And step 8, after the mixed gas consisting of the fresh working medium and the circulating exhaust gas in the low-pressure EGR pipeline 4 flows through the compressor end 17 of the supercharger, the pressure increase of the mixed gas is beneficial to increasing the amount of the mixed gas entering the combustion chamber, so that the requirement of higher air inflow required by the combustion of ammonia fuel is met, and the combustion initial condition of high-activity pilot fuel and ammonia in the combustion chamber is improved.
And 9, after the mixed gas flows into the air intake intercooler 18, if the boost pressure is higher at this time, the engine cooling liquid in the air intake intercooler 18 cools the mixed gas, so that the charging efficiency of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is improved, and the air inflow required by combustion of the in-cylinder fuel is ensured.
Step 10, if the rotation speed of the supercharger is insufficient and the supercharging pressure is low at this time, the temperature of the cooling liquid in the air intake intercooler 18 is higher than the temperature of the mixed gas after supercharging, and at this time, the air intake intercooler 18 is equivalent to a heater and heats the mixed gas, so that the temperature of the mixed gas entering the combustion chamber is increased, and the problems of severe ignition and combustion conditions and incomplete combustion of the ammonia fuel are solved.
Step 11, the ECU15 of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine adjusts the opening of the electronic throttle valve 19 according to the air inflow required by the current working condition, precisely controls the air inflow required by the high-activity pilot fuel and ammonia combustion in the cylinder, performs real-time closed-loop control on the opening of the electronic throttle valve 19, meets the requirements of the air inflow required by different working conditions and loads, and ensures certain exhaust temperature. One end of the intake manifold 20 is connected with the tail end of the intake pipeline, and the other end is connected with the cylinder cover air inlet channel, so that the air inflow required by combustion is uniformly and stably conveyed to each cylinder.
And step 12, when the ECU15 receives a stop signal of the low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation system of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine, the EGR valve 10 is controlled to be closed, and the low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation system stops working.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. The low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation and control system of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine is characterized by comprising an ECU, an exhaust system, a low-pressure EGR system and an air inlet system, wherein:
the exhaust system comprises a supercharger turbine end, wherein two exhaust pipelines are arranged at the supercharger turbine end;
The low-pressure EGR system comprises a low-pressure EGR pipeline connected with one exhaust pipeline, wherein the other end of the low-pressure EGR pipeline is connected with a low-pressure EGR main pipeline A, a low-pressure EGR branch B and a low-pressure EGR branch C in series, on-off valves are respectively arranged on the low-pressure EGR main pipeline A, the low-pressure EGR branch B and the low-pressure EGR branch C, three on-off valves are respectively defined as an on-off valve A, an on-off valve B and an on-off valve C, the on-off valves are correspondingly arranged on the low-pressure EGR main pipeline A, the low-pressure EGR branch B and the low-pressure EGR branch C, an EGR intercooler A is also connected on the low-pressure EGR main pipeline A in series, an EGR intercooler B is connected on the low-pressure EGR branch B in series, an EGR heater is connected on the low-pressure EGR branch C in series, one ends of the low-pressure EGR main pipeline A, the low-pressure EGR branch B and the low-pressure EGR branch C, which are far away from the low-pressure EGR pipeline, are respectively connected with the EGR valves, one side of the EGR valves is also provided with an EGR pressure difference sensor for detecting the pressure difference between two ends of the EGR valves, and the pipeline is also provided with a temperature sensor;
the air inlet system is formed by connecting an air inlet flowmeter, an air filter, a supercharger compressor end, an air inlet intercooler, an electronic throttle valve and an air inlet manifold in series, wherein the air inlet manifold is finally connected with an air inlet channel of a cylinder cover, and the EGR valve is connected with a pipeline between the air filter and the supercharger compressor end through a pipeline;
the ECU is connected with all the electrical components at the same time and is used for signal receiving and feedback control;
A gas separation membrane is further arranged between the low-pressure EGR shunt B and the low-pressure EGR shunt C;
The regulating method of the low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulating system of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine comprises the following steps of:
Step 1, when EGR is needed for combustion regulation of an ammonia fuel internal combustion engine, an EGR valve is opened after being controlled by an ECU, and combustion waste gas flows into a low-pressure EGR pipeline from an exhaust pipeline due to the action of pressure difference;
Step 2, after an EGR valve in a low-pressure EGR pipeline is opened, the ECU acquires the temperature and the pressure of circulating exhaust gas in the current low-pressure EGR pipeline through feedback signals of an EGR pressure difference sensor and an EGR temperature sensor, calculates the flow of circulating exhaust gas flowing through the EGR valve by combining the components of the circulating exhaust gas in the current selected low-pressure EGR shunt and the feedback signals of an EGR valve opening sensor, calculates the EGR rate of mixed gas in the current air inlet pipeline through an air inlet flowmeter, and adjusts the opening of the EGR valve according to the difference value between the EGR rate of air inlet in a combustion chamber and the target EGR rate required by the current working condition;
Step 3, after an EGR valve in a low-pressure EGR pipeline is opened, the ECU selects a proper low-pressure EGR branch according to the working condition of the current ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine, and carries out corresponding heating or cooling treatment on circulating exhaust gas by controlling the on-off valve A, the on-off valve B and the on-off valve C in a low-pressure EGR system, so as to regulate and control the air inlet temperature and indirectly influence the combustion initial temperature in a cylinder, and adjusts the power of an EGR heater or the cooling intensity of an EGR intercooler in the low-pressure EGR branch according to the feedback signal of an EGR temperature sensor, thereby realizing closed-loop control on the air inlet temperature in the cylinder of the ammonia-fuel internal combustion engine;
step 4, when the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine works under the working condition of small ammonia substitution rate, the ECU controls the on-off valve A in the low-pressure EGR main path A to be opened, circulating exhaust gas flows into the low-pressure EGR main path A, and the circulating exhaust gas is cooled through the EGR intercooler A in the low-pressure EGR main path A, so that the combustion initial temperature of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is reduced;
Step 5, when the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is under a large load working condition, the ECU controls the on-off valve B in the low-pressure EGR main path B to be opened, circulating exhaust gas flows into the low-pressure EGR branch path B, at the moment, after the circulating exhaust gas is screened by the gas separation membrane, the content of nitrogen is reduced, the proportion of water vapor is increased, and low-pressure EGR exhaust gas rich in water vapor is formed; the circulating exhaust gas rich in water vapor is cooled by an EGR intercooler B in a low-pressure EGR shunt B, so that the temperature of the mixed gas reentered into the combustion chamber is reduced;
step 6, when the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is in a small-load, idle or cold starting working condition, the ECU controls the on-off valve C to be opened, and circulating exhaust gas flows into the low-pressure EGR shunt C; at the moment, the content of water vapor is reduced after the circulating exhaust gas is subjected to screening treatment of a gas separation membrane, the proportion of nitrogen is increased, so that nitrogen-rich low-pressure EGR exhaust gas is formed, the nitrogen-rich circulating exhaust gas is heated by an EGR heater in a low-pressure EGR shunt C, and the temperature of mixed gas entering a combustion chamber is increased;
Step 7, when the on-off valve B or the on-off valve C in the low-pressure EGR pipeline is opened, circulating gas flows through the gas separation membrane between the low-pressure EGR shunt B and the low-pressure EGR shunt C, the gas separation membrane screens the components of the circulating waste gas, and the proportion of nitrogen and water vapor in the circulating waste gas is changed, so that the intake components of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine are regulated and controlled;
Step 8, after circulating exhaust gas in the low-pressure EGR pipeline flows into the air inlet pipeline, mixing the circulating exhaust gas with fresh working medium in the air inlet pipeline to form mixed gas containing exhaust gas, and after the mixed gas is pressurized through a compressor end of a supercharger, primarily improving the content of the mixed gas entering a combustion chamber;
step 9, when the supercharging pressure is high and the air intake intercooler works normally, after the mixed gas in the air intake pipeline flows into the air intake intercooler, the engine cooling liquid cools the mixed gas, so that the charging efficiency of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is improved;
Step 10, when the rotation speed of the supercharger is insufficient and the supercharging pressure is low, the temperature of engine cooling liquid in the air inlet intercooler is higher than the temperature of the mixed gas after supercharging, and at the moment, the mixed gas is heated by high-temperature cooling liquid, so that the initial temperature of air inlet required by ammonia fuel combustion is improved;
step 11, when the mixed gas in the air inlet pipeline flows through the electronic throttle valve, the ECU adjusts the opening of the electronic throttle valve in real time according to the air inflow required by the current working condition, and accurately controls the high-activity pilot fuel in the cylinder and the air inflow required by ammonia combustion;
and 12, when the ECU receives a stop signal of the low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation system of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine, the EGR valve is controlled to be closed, and the low-pressure EGR exhaust gas component and temperature composite regulation system stops working.
2. The ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust line is externally jacketed with a layer of thermal insulation material.
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