RU2446353C1 - Burner - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: gas injector burner contains flame stabilising tunnel, refractory mixture, 12 cylindrical agitators combined with common welded gas distributing chamber; each agitator has four drilled orifices at an angle of 25° to their axes. Burner includes casing welded to cylindrical gas distributing chamber, which is packed with refractory mixture, cast flame stabilising tunnel which is put from below on cylindrical gas distributing chamber and casing and welded along the perimetre to cylindrical gas distributing chamber, includes air flow control device consisting of two steel brackets, control, two bolts, two nuts and two spring washers; besides, in cylindrical gas distributing chamber there arranged on its periphery are 8 agitators without head pieces, and in central part (along smaller diameter) there arranged are 4 agitators with head pieces having cast ribs on inner surface, and in the centre of gas distributing chamber there welded is the guide device consisting of cone, axis, two nuts for attachment of cone, spring washer and nut, which are designed for attachment of the control of air flow control device.

EFFECT: invention allows obtaining middle flame on periphery and long flame in the centre, increasing burner service life, improving the burner packing and lining process in heat or melting unit, and controlling the air flow.

5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to gas burners and can be used to burn gaseous fuel in the furnaces of boilers and industrial furnaces.

Close to the proposed invention, an analogue is a gas injection burner described in RF patent No. 2243447.

This invention, as well as the proposed one, can be used for burning gaseous fuels in the furnaces of boilers and industrial furnaces. In the analogue, as in the present invention, gas under pressure passes through nozzles, injecting air necessary for combustion from the atmosphere, then gas and air enter the preliminary mixing chamber, where gas and sucked air are mixed. Thus, the analogue, as the proposed burner, contains a pipe for supplying gas, nozzles, a preliminary mixing chamber. Analysis of the design of the burner described in the patent of Russian Federation No. 2243447 allows us to conclude that when burning a gas-air mixture, the medium and long torch that the proposed burner has is not obtained. I assume that the burner described in RF patent No. 2243447 does not have a long service life due to the presence of three blade swirlers operating at high temperatures. The disadvantages include the fact that the burner is quite complex, and, as a rule, complex designs often break and have a relatively short service life. In addition, there are difficulties in setting up and adjusting (the size and number of additional channels and air supply, their location relative to each other, the geometry of the swirlers, and is finally determined for each type of size of the burner device individually during field tests).

The above reasons prevent the obtaining of a technical result, which is provided by the invention. Close to the proposed invention, an analogue is a gas injection burner described in RF patent No. 2358198.

This invention, as well as the proposed one, can be used for burning gaseous fuels in the furnaces of boilers and industrial furnaces. In the analogue, as in the present invention, gas under pressure passes through nozzles, injecting air necessary for combustion from the atmosphere, then gas and air enter the preliminary mixing chamber, where gas and sucked air are mixed. Thus, the analogue, like the proposed burner, contains mixers located in a common welded gas distribution chamber in the form of pipes with a channel for aspirating atmospheric air and gas nozzles. Analysis of the design of the burner described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2358198, allows us to conclude that when burning the gas-air mixture does not get a long flame, which has the proposed burner, the thermal power of the burner is approximately three times less than the proposed, install such burners in heat and melting units of medium and high power impractical. In addition, the design of the burner does not provide a device for controlling the air supply.

The closest analogue (prototype) to the invention is a gas injection burner containing a flame stabilizing tunnel, refractory packing material, 12 cylindrical mixers combined by a common welded gas distribution chamber, four nozzles were drilled in each mixer at an angle of 25 ° to their axes (see Vintovkin A.A. et al. “Burners of industrial furnaces and furnaces”, Handbook, Intermet Engineering, M., 1999, pp. 305-307, p. 7.44).

The full preliminary mixing medium pressure burner is designed to operate on natural gas according to GOST 5542-87. It is installed in the combustion chambers of boilers and other heat-consuming units operating under vacuum. In large boilers and large melting furnaces, the use of such burners causes difficulties due to the fact that the burner provides complete gas combustion at a torch length of about 1 meter (for information, see page 307. A.A. Vintovkin, M.G. Ladygichev, V. L. Gusovsky, T. V. Kalinova. Burners of industrial furnaces and furnaces, Handbook, Intermet Engineering. - M .: 1999. - 560 p.). This is not enough with large bathtubs, for example, gas bathtubs of melting furnaces of a reflective type. In addition, if such burners are used in rotary kilns, the torch length is clearly not enough and the design of the furnace (filling window) will not allow them to be placed. In short-rotor kilns, it is necessary that the torch directly heat the cylindrical wall of the kiln.

The burner mixers are made of carbon steel, so the burners have a short service life (from operating experience at Volga Resources LLC, Ekom LLC, Penza and UZTS-Stankolit LLC, Ulyanovsk). In addition, when the refractory mass is stuffed into the space between the mixers, it is shedding, since the position of the burner is horizontal or slightly inclined when stuffing and lining. The distance between the walls of the mixers is only 20 mm, which greatly complicates the process of stuffing the refractory mass into the space between the mixers. Further, in the burner there is no device for regulating air flow. For the above reasons, as well as the following disadvantages, obtaining a technical result, which is provided by the invention, is impossible. The disadvantages of the burner, taken as a prototype, are also:

- short burner life due to burnout of the refractory packing, sprinkling and, as a result, fusion of the ends of the burner mixers;

- small thickness of the burner mixers (3 mm), which leads to their rapid melting;

- difficulties in the process of filling the refractory packing mass of the space between the burner mixers due to the small distance between the mixers, as well as difficulties with the burner lining in the furnace, since it is necessary to lay out the burner tunnel.

The objective of the invention is to obtain an average on the periphery of the torch and a long torch in the center, which would deviate the guide device from the center to the periphery, while there would be a mixture of the average peripheral and long torches, their deviation from the center to the periphery, as well as direct heating of the furnace walls at rotary kilns, increasing the life of the burner, improving the process of packing and setting the burner in a heat or smelting unit, the ability to control air flow.

EFFECT: obtaining an average torch on the periphery and a long torch in the center, which deviates by a guide device from the center to the periphery when burning the air-gas mixture, increasing the burner service life, improving the process of packing and lining the burner in a thermal or melting unit, and the ability to control air flow.

This is achieved by the fact that the device "Burner" containing a flame-stabilizing tunnel, refractory packing material, 12 cylindrical mixers combined by a common welded gas distribution chamber, four nozzles are drilled in each mixer at an angle of 25 ° to their axes. According to the invention, there is a casing welded to the cylindrical gas distribution chamber, into which the refractory packing material is packed, a cast flame-stabilizing tunnel, which is worn from below on the cylindrical gas distribution chamber a measure and a casing, and welded around the perimeter to a cylindrical gas distribution chamber, contains a device for regulating air flow, consisting of: two steel brackets, a regulator, two bolts, two nuts and two spring washers, in addition, in a cylindrical gas distribution chamber are located on its periphery 8 mixers without nozzles, and in the central part (for smaller diameter) there are 4 mixers with nozzles having cast fins on the inner surface, and a guide rail is welded in the center of the gas distribution chamber e device consisting of a cone, the axis of the two nuts for fastening cone, spring washers and nuts, which are intended for mounting the unit controller for controlling the air flow. Mixers, nozzles for mixers, a cast flame-stabilizing tunnel, all parts of the guiding device are made of heat-resistant cast iron ЖЧХ30.

At the same time, heat-resistant cast iron used as a material for the manufacture of mixers, nozzles for mixers, a cast flame-stabilizing tunnel, all parts of the guide device, allows to increase the life of the burner.

In addition, the cylindrical design of the burner allows you to install on its periphery mixers without nozzles, giving an average torch in length (1.1 meters long), and in the central part (in diameter) to place mixers with nozzles having cast ribs on the inner surface giving a long torch (2.4 meters long), which allows you to install burners in large boilers, in medium or large gas baths of a reflective type of smelting furnaces, as well as in rotary kilns with an inclined or horizontal axis of rotation. Each mixer is a casting and is a pipe with a diameter of 58 × 10 mm, in which four nozzles are drilled along the periphery at an angle of 25 ° ± 1 ° to their axes with a countersink of the inlet part of 0.5 mm at an angle of 90 °. Each mixer with nozzle has a nozzle of length 50, on the inner surface of which there are 10 cast fins. Cast ribs on the side of the movement of the gas-air mixture have a lead-in "sharpening" with a length of 8 mm. The angle of "sharpening" is 30 ° 30 '. At the top, the “sharpening” has a rounding radius of 0.2 mm, the height of the ribs is 3.6 mm. The internal diameter of the nozzle is 38 mm, the thread length is 15 mm. The nozzles to the mixers in case of their burning (melting during long-term operation) are replaced with new ones, which, ultimately, increases the life of the burner.

At the same time, the casing introduced into the burner design allows filling the refractory packing mass into the space between the mixers before installing the burner in a heat or smelting unit, and also makes it possible to dry and calcine the burner outside the heat or smelting unit. The casing prevents the process of shedding the refractory packing material during its filling. Thanks to the casing and the increased distance between the mixers up to 38 mm, the process of filling the burner with a refractory packing mass is improved.

Moreover, the following refractory packing mass for lining the burner and filling the space between the mixers was experimentally developed by the author and tested on gas melting furnaces:

Chamotte mortar МШ 39 ТУ 14-199-119-200;

Technical lignosulfonate TU 13-0281036-89;

Powder ground clay PHB TU 1522-009-00190495-99;

Foscon (aluminochromophosphate mixture) TU 2149-150-10964029-01;

Quartz sand grade 1K;

Water.

The refractory packing material after calcination has high hardness, high refractoriness, and considerable resistance to shedding at temperatures up to 1650 ° C. The life of the burner is significantly increased.

It is important to note that the introduction of a stabilizing tunnel into the burner increases the life of the burner and improves the process of lining the burners in a thermal or melting unit. Burner lining time is significantly reduced.

It should be noted that the guide device allows you to direct a long torch from the center to the periphery and mix it with a peripheral middle torch. The cone in the lower part has an external diameter of 120 mm, an M14 thread for screwing onto an axis.

Finally, the introduction of a device for controlling the air flow into the burner makes it possible to regulate the air injected into the burner.

Introduction to the design of the burner of the above allows you to successfully solve the problem.

Figure 1 shows a top view of the burner.

Figure 2 shows a section aa of the proposed burner.

Figure 3 shows a section bB of the proposed burner.

Figure 4 shows a mixer with a nozzle.

5 shows a mixer without a nozzle.

Figure 6 shows the guide device assembly.

The present invention "Burner" consists of twelve mixers, combined by a common welded cylindrical gas distribution chamber 1, to which, as in the prototype, a fitting 2 is welded along which natural gas is supplied. The cylindrical gas distribution chamber 1 is welded from sheet steel 5 mm thick. It drilled 12 holes with a diameter of 51 mm, into which 12 mixers were inserted and hermetically sealed, four of them pos. 3 mixers having nozzles, and eight mixers 4 without nozzles (Fig. 1).

Each mixer 3 with a nozzle is a casting and is a pipe with a diameter of 58 × 10 mm and a length of 300 mm, in which four nozzles 5 are drilled at an angle of 25 ° ± 1 ° to the axis of the mixer with a countersink of the inlet part of 0.5 mm at an angle of 90 ° (Fig. 4). The nozzle diameter and the diameter of the mixer are selected based on the conditions for ensuring the estimated gas flow rate by one mixer. The upper part of the mixer is turned to a diameter of 51 mm, a thread is cut into the lower part, onto which the nozzle 6 is screwed. Each nozzle 6 with a length of 50 has 10 cast ribs on the inner surface. Cast ribs on the side of the movement of the gas-air mixture have a lead-in "sharpening" with a length of 8 mm. The angle of "sharpening" is 30 ° 30 '. At the top, the “sharpening” has a rounding radius of 0.2 mm, the height of the ribs is 3.6 mm. The internal diameter of the nozzle is 38 mm, the thread length is 15 mm. Each mixer 3 with nozzle 6 is obtained by investment casting from heat-resistant cast iron of ZhChKh30 brand (Cr 28 ÷ 32%, C 1.6-3.0%, Ni 1.0%, Si 1.5-2.0, Mn 0 , 7). The mixer with a nozzle having cast fins on the inner surface during combustion of the gas-air mixture has a long flame (length 2.4 meters). Each mixer 4 without a nozzle is a casting and is a pipe with a diameter of 58 × 10 mm and a length of 335 mm, in which four nozzles 5 are drilled along the periphery at an angle of 25 ° ± 1 ° to the axis of the mixer with a countersink of the inlet part of 0.5 mm at an angle of 90 ° (Fig. 5). The nozzle diameter and the diameter of the mixer are selected based on the conditions for ensuring the estimated gas flow rate by one mixer. The production method and material of the mixer without nozzle is the same as that of the mixer with nozzle. The mixer without a nozzle during combustion of the air-gas mixture has a torch 1.1 meters long. A casing 7 is welded around the perimeter of the gas distribution chamber 1, made of 2 mm thick stainless steel sheet, into which the refractory packing material is packed 8. When stuffing the refractory packing mass of the space between the mixers, it does not crumble due to the walls of the casing 7. There are difficulties in packing the burner prototype a refractory packing mass of 8 spaces between the mixers, since the distance between the mixers is only 20 mm, and their length is large. Good conditions for filling a refractory packing mass of 8 spaces between the mixers in the proposed burner are created by increasing the distance between the mixers up to 38 mm. The lining of the burner and the packing of the space between the mixers are carried out by a refractory packing mass 8, which was experimentally developed by the author and checked on existing gas melting furnaces. The refractory packing mass 8 for lining the burner and stuffing the space between the mixers has the following composition:

Chamotte mortar МШ 39 ТУ 14-199-119-200;

Technical lignosulfonate TU 13-0281036-89;

Powder ground clay PHB TU 1522-009-00190495-99;

Foscon (aluminochromophosphate mixture) TU 2149-150-10964029-01;

Quartz sand grade 1K;

Water.

The refractory packing material 8 after calcination has high hardness, high refractoriness, and considerable resistance to shedding at temperatures up to 1650 ° C. The life of the burner is significantly increased.

The process of preparing the refractory packing material 8 is as follows: the powder is soaked in ground clay for 24 hours, then chamotte and quartz sand are added in portions, the whole mass is constantly thoroughly mixed, technical lignosulfonate is added and everything is thoroughly mixed. In conclusion, with stirring, the phosphon and water are poured into the mixture. After stuffing the space between the mixers with a refractory packing mass, the burner is calcined at a temperature of 600-700 ° C for two hours.

It should be noted that before calcining the excess stuffed refractory mass 8 is cut off with a ruler. It is recommended that the burner be filled with a refractory ramming mass outside the heat or smelting unit. A burner packed with a refractory packing mass of 8 can be dried and calcined separately before installing it in a heat or melting unit. On the gas distribution chamber 1 and the casing 7, a stabilizing tunnel 9 molded from heat-resistant cast iron ЖЖХ30 is put on from below and welded along the perimeter to the gas distribution chamber 1. The stabilizing tunnel 9 has a stop on the inner surface. It is important to note that the introduction of a stabilizing tunnel 9 into the burner increases the life of the burner and improves the process of lining the burners in a thermal or melting unit. The design of the stabilizing tunnel 9 allows you to install the burner in a thermal or melting unit with any wall thickness. A burner is placed in the prepared niche in the burner wall and the cracks are covered with a refractory ramming mass, i.e. the lining process improves, becomes simple, less time-consuming. In the prototype, when burning a gas-air mixture, the nominal torch length is 1000 mm, and in the proposed burner on the periphery - 1100 mm, in the middle part - 2400 mm. This circumstance allows the burner to be used in large boilers, in medium and large gas baths of the reflective type of melting furnaces, as well as in rotary kilns with an inclined or horizontal axis of rotation.

A device for regulating air flow is introduced into the burner. It consists of: two steel brackets, a regulator, two bolts, two nuts and two spring washers. Two steel brackets 10 with a thickness of 5 mm are welded to the cylindrical gas distribution chamber 1 “flush” with the upper plane of the mixers, regulators 11 rotate (slide) along them as “guides”, which regulates the air flow injected into the burner (mixers) when it is fed into it gas. The angle between the steel brackets 10 is 180 °. Each steel bracket 10 has a groove 8 mm wide, in which the bolt 12 can be moved and fixed when adjusting. The regulator 11 is made by stamping from a steel sheet 5 mm thick and has a diameter equal to the outer diameter of the cylindrical gas distribution chamber 1. Twelve holes are drilled in the regulator 11 38 mm in diameter, which are aligned with the holes of the mixers. The regulator has two protrusions with grooves that coincide with the grooves of the two steel brackets 10. The contours of the two protrusions of the regulator 11 completely coincide with the contours of the two steel brackets 10. On the end part of the stabilizing tunnel 9 are marked with numbers for ease of adjustment (Fig. 1). Suppose, for a specific composition of natural gas, complete combustion of gas in fission (risk), for example, the second one, is ensured, therefore, this is the optimal burner consumption of natural gas at a given pressure, and we fix with two bolts 12, two nuts 13 and two spring washers 14 regulator 11 relative to the holes of the mixers. Nuts 13 are periodically recommended to be tightened. The burner includes a guide device consisting of a cone 15, an axis 16, two nuts 17 for attaching a cone 15 to an axis 16, a spring washer 18 and a nut 19, which are designed to mount the controller 11 of the device for controlling the air flow (Fig.6). The axis 16 is hermetically sealed in the gas distribution chamber 1. The cone 15 in the lower part has an external diameter of 120 mm, an M14 thread for screwing onto the axis. The axis has a diameter of 22 mm in the middle. The guiding device allows you to direct a long torch from the center to the periphery and mix it with a peripheral middle torch. All parts of the guide device are made of heat-resistant cast iron ZhChH30. Heat-resistant cast iron used as a material for the manufacture of parts of the guide device allows to increase the life of the burner.

The burner operates as follows. Gas under pressure is supplied through the channel of the nozzle 2 into the cylindrical gas distribution chamber 1. The jets of gas flowing out of the gas nozzles inject air from the atmosphere, which is needed for combustion, which enters the premixing chamber 21 through the channel 20, where the gas and sucked air are premixed (Fig. .four). The combustion of the main part of the gas-air mixture takes place in a refractory stabilizing tunnel 9, and the rest in the combustion chamber of the boiler or furnace. In this case, the guiding device with its cone 15 directs the long torch from the center to the periphery and mixes it with the peripheral middle torch (each half of the four long torches goes to the periphery and mixes with the peripheral middle torch). Thus, the guide device allows additional mixing of gas and air and contributes to a more complete combustion of the gas-air mixture.

Adjustment of air flow is usually carried out during the experimental, experimental melting on the furnace, as well as when changing the pressure or composition of the gas supplied to the burner.

A necessary condition for the normal operation of the burner is the presence of rarefaction in the combustion chamber within 1.5 ÷ 20 daPa (mm water column).

The nominal gas pressure in front of the burner is 0.08 MPa.

The burner can be easily lined, shut off with a refractory block and install one or, for uniform heating, several pieces in a melting or other thermal unit. Due to the presence of a stabilizing tunnel, the burner can be quickly installed and wired in a thermal or melting unit with any wall thickness.

Claims (5)

1. Gas injection burner containing a flame stabilizing tunnel, refractory packing material, 12 cylindrical mixers combined by a common welded gas distribution chamber, four nozzles are drilled in each mixer at an angle of 25 ° to their axes, characterized in that according to the invention contains a casing welded to the cylindrical gas distribution chamber, into which the refractory ramming mass is packed, a cast flame-stabilizing tunnel, which is worn from below on the cylindrical gas distribution box the chamber and the casing, and welded around the perimeter to the cylindrical gas distribution chamber, contains a device for controlling the air flow, consisting of two steel brackets, a regulator, two bolts, two nuts and two spring washers, in addition, in the cylindrical gas distribution chamber are located on its periphery 8 mixers without nozzles, and in the central part (for smaller diameter) there are 4 mixers with nozzles having cast fins on the inner surface, and in the center of the gas distribution chamber The control unit consisting of a cone, the axis of the two nuts for fastening cone, spring washers and nuts, which are intended for mounting the unit controller for controlling the air flow. 2. The burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixers, nozzles for the mixers, a cast flame-stabilizing tunnel, all parts of the guide device are made of heat-resistant cast iron ZHKhZO. 3. The burner according to claim 1, characterized in that each mixer is a casting and is a pipe with a diameter of 58 × 10 mm, in which four nozzles are drilled along the periphery at an angle of 25 ° ± 1 ° to their axes with a countersink of the inlet part of 0.5 mm at an angle of 90 °, in each mixer with a nozzle there is a nozzle of length 50, on the inside in each nozzle of length 50 on the inner surface there are 10 cast ribs, the cast ribs on the side of the movement of the air-gas mixture have a lead-in “sharpening” of 8 mm in length, angle “ sharpening ”is 30 ° 30 ', at the apex“ sharpening ”has p rounding radius of 0.2 mm, the height of the ribs is 3.6 mm, the nozzle inner diameter - 38 mm thread length is 15 mm. 4. The burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the refractory ramming mass for lining the burner and stuffing the space between the mixers has the following composition:
Chamotte mortar МШ 39 ТУ 14-199-119-200;
Technical lignosulfonate TU 13-0281036-89;
Powder ground clay PHB TU 1522-009-00190495-99;
Foscon (aluminochromophosphate mixture) TU 2149-150-10964029-01;
Quartz sand grade 1K;
Water. 5. The burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the cone in the lower part has an external diameter of 120 mm, the thread M14 for screwing onto the axis, the axis has a diameter of 22 mm in the middle part.

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