RU2445512C2 - Rotary hydraulic machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: proposed rotary machine comprises stator 1 with internal teeth 3, rotor 4 made up of sleeve with external and internal teeth 5 and 6 making sun-and-plant motion relative to stator 1, two planet pinions 7 and 8 interacting with external teeth 4 of rotor and stator, drive shaft 11 with its axis shifted relative to that of stator 1, fixed gear 12 with external teeth aligned with drive shaft 11 and rigidly engaged with stator 1. Hydraulic machine comprises also two floating idlers interacting with gear 12 and rotor internal teeth 6 as well as gear rigidly fitted on drive shaft 11 to interact with rotor internal teeth 6. Fixed gear 12 consists of two separate toothed rims fitted on face covers of stator 1. Drive shaft extends inside hollow fixed gear 12. Drive gear is made integral with shaft 11 features tip diameter smaller than that of space of fixed gear 12.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and useful volume.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to volumetric displacement hydraulic machines with rotating working bodies. It can find application in pumps, compressors and motors.

Currently, gear pumps with internal or external gearing are widely used for pumping and pressure transfer of viscous fluids with lubricating properties, for example [T. Bashta Volumetric pumps and hydraulic motors of hydraulic systems. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1974. - 606 p. (P.311)]. These pumps are simple in design, unpretentious in operation, but their serious drawback is the relatively small usable volume, which is limited by the space between the tooth cavities and the housing. Such gear pumps are effective only at sufficiently high rotor speeds.

Known rotary hydraulic machine (UK Patent No. 1158638, class F1F, published. 1966) containing a stator in the form of a gear ring with internal teeth, a rotor made in the form of a gear having external teeth mounted on a rotating clown, and satellites interacting with the rotor and stator. Gears are the displacing elements of this machine.

The advantage of this hydraulic machine is its large useful volume of the working cavity and the high adaptability of its main parts.

The main disadvantage of this hydraulic machine is that in certain positions of the rotor the satellite cannot "independently" get out of the "dead" position. To eliminate this drawback, an additional device with a hydraulic control system or a second mechanism operating in antiphase is required, which generally makes the design complex and unreliable.

Closest to the proposed invention by design (prototype) is a rotary hydraulic machine (USSR Patent No. 699229, class F04 C1, published. 1979), containing a stator in the form of a crown with internal teeth, connected through satellites to the external teeth of the rotor mounted on a rotating eccentric . The rotor is made hollow and teeth are made on its inner surface. The device further comprises a fixed gear with external teeth rigidly connected to the stator, and a parasitic gear pivotally mounted on an eccentric, interacting with the fixed gear and the internal teeth of the rotor.

The advantage of this design compared to the previous one is that when passing through the "dead" positions of the rotor, an additional stator is not required.

The disadvantages of this hydraulic machine are: the technological complexity of the eccentric, large friction losses and adverse conditions for the transmission of motion due to the presence of rotational kinematic pairs (between the rotor and the eccentric, the eccentric axis and the spurious gear), which, according to the layout of the device, cannot be equipped with rolling bearings.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a volumetric hydraulic machine having a large usable volume and high productivity, while not containing technologically complex parts (in particular, an eccentric) and kinematic pairs with adverse friction conditions.

Achievable technical result - increased productivity, reliability and manufacturability of the hydraulic machine.

A design of a rotary hydraulic machine is proposed, which, like the prototype, contains: a stator made in the form of a ring gear with internal teeth; a rotor made in the form of a sleeve having external and internal teeth, making a planetary motion relative to the stator; two satellites interacting with the outer teeth of the rotor and the stator, the axes of which in the initial position of the hydraulic machine are located on a straight line with the axes of the stator and rotor; a drive shaft whose axis is offset from the axis of the stator; fixed gear with external teeth, coaxial to the drive shaft and rigidly connected to the stator; spurious gear interacting with the fixed gear and the internal teeth of the rotor. Unlike the prototype, the proposed design does not contain an eccentric, but contains a second spurious gear interacting with the fixed gear and the internal teeth of the rotor, as well as a gear mounted on the drive shaft, interacting with the internal teeth of the rotor.

Since the eccentric was the most difficult part of the hydraulic machine to manufacture, its elimination makes the design more technological.

In the proposed design there are no rotational sliding pairs, therefore, friction losses are reduced, the conditions for the transmission of motion are improved, and the reliability of the machine is improved.

The rotary hydraulic machine can be made in two design options: "symmetric" and "asymmetric".

The "symmetric" option is preferred, in which the fixed gear consists of two separate gear rims mounted on the end caps of the stator, the drive shaft passes inside the hollow stationary gear, and the drive gear mounted on the drive shaft is located between the crowns of the fixed gear and has a diameter of vertices, smaller diameter hollows of the fixed gear.

In addition to the two necessary spurious gears to increase the load capacity, the hydraulic machine may contain a third additional or even several additional spurious gears.

If the hydraulic machine contains two spurious gears, then to reduce the cost of manufacture they have the same number of teeth.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict: in Fig.1 - cross section of a "symmetric" version of a rotary hydraulic machine (A-A); figure 2 - its axial section (BB); Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an "asymmetric" version of a hydraulic machine (along A-A); in Fig 4 - its axial section (BB).

The rotary hydraulic machine shown in figures 1, 2, contains: a stator 1, consisting of end caps 2 and crown 3 with internal teeth; the rotor 4, making a planetary motion relative to the stator, made in the form of a sleeve having external 5 and internal teeth 6; two satellites 7, 8 interacting with the outer teeth of the rotor 5 and the crown of the stator 3. The selection of the number of teeth and the assembly of the hydraulic machine are carried out in such a way that the O ₇ and O ₈ axes of the corresponding satellites 7 and 8 are in the initial position of the hydraulic machine on a straight line with the O ₃ axes stator 1 and O _{4 of the} rotor 4. The working chambers of the suction B and discharge H of the hydraulic machine are enclosed between the rim 3 of the stator, the outer rim of the 5 rotor, satellites 7, 8 and the end caps 2 of the stator. In the end caps 2 of the stator, the holes of the supply channels 9 and of the working medium outlet 10 are made. The opening and closing of the inlet 9 and outlet 10 channels is performed by the end surfaces of the satellites 7, 8. The axis O _{11 of the} drive gear shaft 11 is offset relative to the axis O ₃ of the stator crown 3 by the amount of eccentricity e. The crown of the gear shaft 11 is engaged with the inner ring 6 rotor. Two identical fixed gears 12 with external teeth are located coaxially with the drive gear shaft 11, but are rigidly connected with the end caps 2 of the stator 1. The number of teeth of the gear shaft 11 (z ₁₁ ) is less than the number of teeth (212) of the fixed gears 12 according to the collection condition node. Spurious gears 13, 14 have a length equal to the distance between the end caps 2 of the stator. They interact with the fixed gears 12 and the internal teeth 6 of the rotor 4. The kinematic pairs into which these gears enter are centroid, they not only transmit rotation, but also keep the axles of the corresponding wheels at a constant distance. The sizes of spurious gears 13, 14 are selected in such a way that the offset of the axis O _{4 of the} rotor 4 relative to the axis O _{11 of the} drive gear shaft 11 is equal to the eccentricity e. Due to the presence of spurious gears 13, 14, the rotor 4 is held in constant engagement with the gear shaft 11.

To ensure the operability of a rotary hydraulic machine, the following relationship between the numbers of gear teeth is necessary:

,

,

where z ₅ is the number of teeth of the outer rim of the rotor

z ₃ - the number of teeth of the inner rim of the stator

z ₆ - the number of teeth of the inner rim of the rotor

z ₁₂ is the number of teeth of the fixed gear.

In pump mode, the hydraulic machine operates as follows.

When the drive gear shaft 11 rotates, the rotor 4 makes a planetary motion relative to the stator 1. The satellites 7, 8 run around the inner rim 3 of the stator and the outer rim 5 of the rotor, which leads to a change in the volume of the working chambers B and N. In the suction working chamber B, the satellite 8 opens the supply channel 9 and a vacuum occurs, as a result of which the working medium enters there. In the working chamber of the discharge H, the satellite 7 opens the exhaust channel 10 and the working medium is displaced by the satellite 8. Rotating the satellites open and close the supply and exhaust channels 10 and 10 of the working medium one by one, which makes the process cyclic.

When the rotary machine is in the hydraulic motor mode, the working medium under pressure enters the cavity B through the open supply channel 9. At the same time, the working medium is displaced from the cavity H through the exhaust channel 10. The forces acting on the rotor 4 from two satellites 7, 8 create a moment leading the rotor 4. The direction of rotation of the rotor 4 is changed by switching channels.

With a small width of the gears, it is possible to use the "asymmetric" version of the hydraulic machine (see Fig. 3, 4). This mechanism differs from the previous one in that the stationary gear 12 is only one, and the drive gear 11 is in direct contact with one of the end caps 2 of the housing. The number of teeth z _{11 of the} drive gear 11 is greater than the number of teeth z _{12 of the} stationary gear 12. The number of spurious gears in the hydraulic machine can be more than two. In figure 3, 4 there are three of them: 13, 14, 15.

The operation of the hydraulic machine shown in figures 3, 4 is similar to the operation of the hydraulic machine of the "symmetric" design (Figs. 1, 2), however, with the "asymmetric" design, a warping moment arises on the parasitic gears 13, 14, 15 and rotor 4. When small axial dimensions of the hydraulic machine, the effect of this effect on its performance is negligible.

The proposed hydraulic machine has a large usable volume, which makes its use effective even at low rotor speeds. Using this machine will improve the performance of gear pumps designed for pumping viscous fluids, in particular bitumen pumps. Moreover, the proposed machine is simpler and more reliable than a machine taken as a prototype.

Claims (4)

1. A rotary hydraulic machine containing a stator made in the form of a ring gear with internal teeth, a rotor made in the form of a sleeve having external and internal teeth, making a planetary motion relative to the stator, two satellites interacting with the external teeth of the rotor and the stator, the axes of which are the initial position of the hydraulic machine is located on a straight line with the axes of the stator and rotor, the drive shaft, the axis of which is offset from the axis of the stator, a stationary gear with external teeth, coaxial to the drive shaft and rigidly connected with about the stator, a parasitic gear interacting with the stationary gear and the inner teeth of the rotor, characterized in that it contains a second parasitic gear interacting with the stationary gear and the inner teeth of the rotor, and also a gear fixed to the drive shaft, interacting with the inner teeth of the rotor. 2. The hydraulic machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed gear consists of two separate gear rims mounted on the end caps of the stator, the drive shaft passes inside the hollow stationary gear, and the drive gear mounted on the drive shaft is located between the crowns of the fixed gear and has a diameter of peaks smaller than the diameter of the hollows of the fixed gear. 3. The hydraulic machine according to claim 1, characterized in that both spurious gears have the same number of teeth. 4. The hydraulic machine according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains a third additional spurious gear.

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