RU2439205C2 - Technosol detergent - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: detergent for cleaning surfaces contains a nonionic surfactant based on propylene trimers with boiling point higher than 230°C at pressure 760 mm Hg and with pH of the water-alcohol emulsion with concentration of 10 g/dm³ less than 6.0-8.0, characterised by no bursts before the beginning of effervescence, and a petroleum solvent of the paraffin fraction C₇-C₁₈, with the following ratio of components in wt %: nonionic surfactant 0.02-0.5, petroleum solvent with a paraffin fraction - the rest. The nonionic surfactant used is Neonol 9-(4-12) or Neonol 9-6, and the petroleum solvent used is a liquid wide-fraction petroleum paraffin. 0.3-7.0 wt % anionic surfactant consisting of a mixture of sodium salts of alkylsulphonic acids is also added to the detergent.

EFFECT: invention enables to obtain a detergent which is compatible with a wide range of materials, which provides high degree of cleaning by using paraffin solvents of said surfactants, which have demulsifying properties and stabilising capacity and enable to use the use the detergent repeatedly.

5 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to detergents used to clean metal and other surfaces from technological lubricants and microparticles of metal, oils, lubricants, bitumen, preservation compounds, traces of cutting fluid (coolant). It can be used in machine-building enterprises for washing bearings, parts and components of mechanisms, in the electrical industry and repair of rotors, stators of electric motors and in other industries. It can be applied in conditions with increased fire safety requirements. It can be used when cleaning electrical equipment, does not affect insulation. Repeated use is possible.

The invention is known "Composition for reducing flammability", patent RU No. 2236484, publ. 08/10/2003, IPC C23G 5/028, C07C 19/08, comprising non-flammable fluorine compounds selected from fluorocarbons and an organic solvent selected from hydrocarbons or aromatic esters, as well as a surfactant, preferably an alkylbenzenesulfonate type. The mixture gives a fine dispersion of hydrocarbon in fluorinated compounds at the boiling point of the composition. However, in a mixture based on fluorine-containing compounds, the boiling point of the composition is not more than 70 degrees C, which is significantly worse than the proposed mixture, in addition, the mixture is much more expensive and more difficult to manufacture. In addition, this composition is intended only for cleaning aluminum surfaces.

The invention is known "Composition for removing scaling in the well" patent RU No. 2383577, publ. 03/10/2010, IPC С09К 8/528, including neonol AF9-12 in the amount of 0.1-1.0% by weight of the composition and an oil solvent as a nonionic surfactant. The composition is intended primarily for the removal of carbonates and is used in the oil industry. It has good dissolving ability to remove scaling by increasing the rate of dissolution. The composition is designed to remove scaling on the production casing of the wells, and not as a washing liquid. Not suitable for use with a wide range of materials. Repeated use is not possible. It cannot be used for electrical equipment.

The invention is known "Detergent for cleaning the surface from organic contaminants and a method for its production", patent RU No. 2169175, publ. 06/20/2001, IPC C11D 1/83, C11D 1/86, C11D 3/20, C11D 3/04, C11D 11/00, including nonionic surfactant (nonionic surfactant) 4 in the amount of wt.% From 4 to 20, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, alkali metal salts or sodium phosphoric acid compound, neonol. It has high detergency with simultaneous corrosion protection of the treated surfaces, and the detergent solution is suitable for reuse. However, the composition has a high level of foaming with a high neonol content, and the composition also has a low flash point.

Closest to the proposed composition of the washing mixture is the invention "Composition for protecting metals from acid corrosion", patent RU No. 2139955, publ. 10.20.1999, IPC C23F 11/04, a composition based on pyridine compounds, with a boiling point above 250 ° C at a pressure of 760 mm Hg, containing synthetic fatty acids (FFA) of fraction C ₁₀ -C ₁₃ , white spirit and emulsifier neonol. The composition is intended to protect metals from acid corrosion in aggressive environments. However, a mixture of polyalkylpyridines - an inhibitor has a sharp pyridine odor, poor technological properties, and cleaning ability.

The inventive detergent refers to technical detergents used for chemical treatment, cleaning and degreasing of metal surfaces from organic contaminants, is a convenient universal cleaner with a strong dissolving effect, good cleaning ability and a wide range of applications. It is made on the basis of highly refined paraffin hydrocarbons. Compatible with a wide range of materials. Repeated use is possible.

Most of the known aqueous solutions of detergents contribute to the pollution of the water basin with phosphates. However, solid detergents (TMS) have significant disadvantages, as their common drawback is that they are used as weakly concentrated detergent solutions, and must be stored in a warehouse until their practical preparation, and color loss and a decrease in some detergent properties during prolonged storage of such detergent occur. The reason is the microbiological decomposition of some of the components that make up the detergent. In addition, for the implementation of the cleaning process with TMS, complex technological equipment is required, as well as the transition to high-temperature processing.

A detergent is required that is toxicologically harmless and does not cause irritation to human skin.

The proposed detergent does not contain sulfur, chlorine, aromatic, halogenated hydrocarbons, so it has no smell, it is easy to use it when cleaning products. Detergent does not belong to the class of flammable liquids, as she has a flash point greater than 67 degrees C.

To solve the tasks it is required to carry out the selection of the ratio of components, due to which high etching properties of the agent are achieved and the time for cleaning the surface from contaminants is reduced. However, when adding a large percentage of expensive surfactants, such as neonols, the cost of detergent increases significantly, which is also economically impractical. Neonol and the sodium salt of polyacrylic acid (demulsifier, flocculant) contribute to the reuse of the cleaning solution, creating conditions for its self-cleaning, but for a more complete destruction of the contaminants, the introduction of anionic surfactants, cleaving them from the metal surface. This problem is especially relevant for old pollution.

One of the most important conditions ensuring the operational reliability of vehicles, devices and equipment is the cleanliness of their parts, assemblies and assemblies. At the same time, safety requirements and the elimination of the harmful effects of solvents and detergents on the equipment material and maintenance personnel must be taken into account. Pollution from residual oil, vegetable and animal oils and fats, as well as fuels and lubricants and their conversion products are the most common in operation. These can be products of incomplete combustion of fuel, oxidation, destruction of hydrocarbons, polymerization, condensation and coagulation of hydrocarbon and heteroorganic compounds, as well as products of corrosion and biodeterioration of metals in the medium.

A non-flammable compound or non-flammable composition is understood to mean any compound or composition that (which) does not have a flash point defined in accordance with ISO 1523. The thermodynamic state of a fluid is essentially determined by four independent variables: pressure, temperature, composition of the liquid phase and composition of the gas phase. A true azeotrope is a special system of components for which, at a given temperature and a given pressure, the composition of the liquid phase is exactly equal to the composition of the gas phase. A pseudo-azeotrope is a system of components for which, at a given temperature and a given pressure, the composition of the liquid phase is basically equal to the composition of the gas phase. In practice, this means that the components of such azeotropic and pseudo-azeotropic systems cannot be easily separated by distillation.

The technical result of the proposed TEHNOSOL detergent is that a safe detergent with a flash point of more than 62 degrees C in a closed crucible and more than 67 degrees C in an open crucible is obtained. A product based on paraffin hydrocarbons is obtained, which provides a high degree of purification , compatible with a wide range of materials, has a wide range of applications, has an increased cleaning ability. Detergent can be reused.

Achievable technical result is ensured due to the fact that the TECHNOSOL detergent consists of a surfactant composition based on propylene trimers (isononyl) with a boiling point above 230 ° C at a pressure of 760 mm Hg, includes an oil solvent or a mixture of C ₇ -C fractions thereof ₁₈ . Detergent TECHNOSOL as a surfactant contains a nonionic surfactant (nonionic surfactant) with a concentration of hydrogen ions (pH) in a water-alcohol emulsion with a concentration of 10 g / dm ^{3 of} at least 6.0-8.0, characterized by the absence of a flash before boiling. The mixture also includes an oil solvent of the paraffin fraction in the ratio of components, wt.% Nonionic surfactants - 0.02-0.5, the rest is oil solvent.

2. As nonionic surfactants, hydroxyethylated monoalkylphenol is insoluble with the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl radical equal to 9, and the average number of moles of ethylene oxide attached to the mole of alkyl phenol is from 4 to 12, and a wide-fraction petroleum liquid paraffin is used as an oil solvent. the ratio of components, wt.% nonionic surfactants - 0.02-0.5, liquid paraffin - the rest.

Oxyethylated monoalkylphenol, water-insoluble - Neonol, a paraffinic oil solvent and an anionic surfactant can also be added to this mixture as nonionic surfactants. As a surfactant take a mixture of nonionic surfactants-ethoxylated monoalkylphenol water-insoluble - Neonol and anionic surfactants, consisting of a mixture of sodium salts of alkyl sulfonic acids, and a paraffinic oil solvent in the ratio of components,%:

- Neonol 9- (4-12) - 0.02-0.5

- a mixture of sodium salts of alkyl sulfonic acids - 0.3-7.0

- liquid petroleum paraffin, wide fraction - 99.68-92.5

As nonionic surfactants take oxyethylated monoalkylphenol insoluble - Neonol 9-6 and paraffinic oil solvent in the ratio of components,%:

Neonol 9-6 - 0.02-0.5

liquid petroleum paraffin, broad fraction - the rest

A mixture of nonionic surfactants — ethoxylated monoalkylphenol, water-insoluble — Neonol 9-6 and anionic surfactants — alkyl sulfonate, and a petroleum solvent paraffin — liquid paraffin — in the ratio of components,%, are taken as surfactants:

Neonol 9-6 - 0.02-0.5

alkyl sulfonate - 0.3-7.0

liquid petroleum paraffin, wide fraction - 99.68-92.5

The resulting mixture is a mixture of highly active surfactants based on paraffin hydrocarbons.

According to the physicochemical parameters, TMS meets the requirements specified in table 1.

Safety requirements are determined by the characteristics of the main component of the detergent - saturated hydrocarbons - fractions of oil distillation, dearomatized by deep hydrogenation. Flash point: - in a closed crucible 62 degrees C, and in an open crucible - 67 degrees C.

Raw materials for the production of detergents are surfactants, solvents.

"Neonol 9- (4-12)" nonionic surfactant in accordance with TU 2483-077-05766801-98. Formula: C ₉ H ₁₉ C ₆ H ₄ O (C ₂ H ₄ O) ₆ N.

Neonols are ethoxylated monoalkylphenol based on propylene trimers, where 9 is the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, 4-12 or 6 is the average number of moles of ethylene oxide attached to a mole of alkyl phenol, are a highly effective nonionic surfactant, a clear, oily liquid from colorless to yellowish color. The primary degree of biodegradation of Neonols is from 97 ± 2 to 79 ± 3, i.e. increases the biodegradability of the mixture. The product is not volatile, inhalation safe, in the air of the working area is not accumulated and is not determined. The flash point, ° C, is absent before the start of foaming and is not less than: - in an open crucible 240-258, - in a closed crucible 218-240, which increases the flash point of the whole mixture. It is a block copolymer surfactant with very high dispersing properties, it improves the properties of non-ionic surfactants that are part of the product, which contributes to the rapid removal of contamination, etching products from the surface being cleaned, which increases the etching properties of the product and reduces the time for cleaning the surface. Nonionic surfactants retain their washing ability in hard water and other media in a wide pH range. Neonol AF 9-6 in the claimed composition is used as a surfactant, causing a decrease in interfacial tension between the aforementioned solvents for their best mixing. Nonionic surfactant, ethoxylated monoalkylphenol, where n = 4-12, and 9 is a hydrocarbon radical having 9 carbon atoms in the composition has demulsifying and stabilizing abilities, i.e. the ability to bind with film the contaminants released on the surface of the washing liquid, preventing them from re-depositing onto the surface to be cleaned, which allows the use of the detergent again.

Alkyl sulfonate in accordance with TU 2481-308-05763458-2001,

has the chemical formula R-SO ₂ ONa.

It is a mixture of sodium salts of alkyl sulfonic acids with a chain length of the alkyl radical C 11 -C 18 obtained from n-paraffins. It is a paste from white to light yellow. It is an emulsifier and anionic surfactant for the production of synthetic detergents, is slightly toxic, and has mild irritating properties.

Both neonol and alkylsulfanol are synthetic fatty acids (FFA) of the fractions C10-C13, C10-C16, C16-C20. FFA significantly expands the range of the protective action of the mixture (the possibility of protection against acid corrosion in environments containing hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, oxygen). Neonol and the sodium salt of polyacrylic acid (demulsifier, flocculant) contribute to the reuse of the cleaning solution, creating conditions for its self-cleaning.

The dispersion of the solid phase of contaminants in the detergent occurs due to the adsorption of surfactants on the particles of contaminants due to the occurrence of a wedging effect between the particles of contaminants. In particular, the action of surfactants provides flocculation of contaminants, i.e. the formation on the surface of large drops of hydrocarbon pollution.

The inclusion in the detergent of a mixture of hydrocarbon solvents: nefras, kerosene, white spirit, industrial oil, paraffin, ceresin, etc., the content of which in the composition can be up to 99 wt.%, Allows you to obtain the necessary technological properties and increase the protective effect of the detergent. Paraffinic petroleum solvents contain 2.5-5.0% of aromatic hydrocarbons, which boil away at a temperature in the range of 30-80 ° C.

Paraffin is a mixture of saturated (saturated) hydrocarbons, has the formula C7-C35. The liquid fraction has the formula C7-C18. In the proposed tool take paraffin oil liquid wide fraction.

Depending on the intended application, a non-fluorinated organic solvent which is not miscible with water can be used. For example, solvents that are practically immiscible with water are well suited, for example, for drying purposes. Indeed, with a wide variety of polarities of various solvents, the advantages with respect to the non-flammability of the compositions are retained. These compositions, in particular, make it possible to achieve good dissolution properties of surfactants, which is required, for example, for drying solvents.

The modern theory considers the washing effect as a result of the manifestation of the complex of physicochemical properties of the washing preparation, i.e. dissolving, wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, stabilizing and film-forming abilities, which are ensured by the components included in the TECHNOSOL washing mixture in the required proportions.

This washing mixture is prepared as follows. For the manufacture of a composition of substances, 10% of the mass is taken, previously purified by filtration and evacuation of the paraffin fraction heated to 45-50 degrees. C, alkyl sulfonate was placed in it and stirred for 35-45 minutes while maintaining the temperature, oil paraffin was added to the resulting solution and stirred for 10-15 minutes, then Neonol 9-6 was added and stirred for 30 minutes. The characteristics of the raw materials are shown in table 2.

table 2 name of raw materials Regulatory and technical documentation State of aggregation Hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007 one 2 3 four "Neonol 9-6" nonionic surfactant TU 2483-077-05766801-98 liquid 3 Alkylsulfonate TU 2481-308-05763458-2001 paste four

Studies confirm that the selected ratio of the components achieves high detergent properties of the product and reduces the time it takes to clean the surface from contamination. High dissolving ability in relation to oil and oil contaminants and water-insoluble lithium grease of the proposed detergent is confirmed by test reports.

Control is as follows. The TECHNOSOL detergent is homogeneous in terms of physico-chemical characteristics and does not contain mechanical impurities visible to the naked eye. The concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions of detergents with a mass fraction of 1% is determined according to GOST R 50550. In the absence of a pH meter - millivoltmeter, the hydrogen indicator of detergents can be determined by universal indicator paper or a universal indicator.

The cleaning ability is determined in accordance with TU, for which a pollutant is prepared with a ratio of the following components, wt.%:

synthetic solidol in accordance with GOST 4366 - 25,

waste oil for hypoid gears - 65,

linseed oil according to GOST 579 - 10,

The components are thoroughly mixed with a glass rod until a homogeneous consistency is obtained. A test solution of detergent is applied to the soiled plates with a spray gun so that it completely covers the surface of the plate. After a 10-minute exposure to a stream of tap water (temperature 30-40 ° C), the resulting emulsion is removed for a minute. The cleansing ability of X, i.e. the washed-out amount of pollutant, in percent, is calculated by the formula. The determination of the density of the agent is carried out according to GOST 18995.1. Determination of conditional viscosity is carried out with a B3-246 viscometer according to GOST900-75, the nozzle diameter is 2 mm.

The test results of various formulations are shown in Table 1.

The TECHNOSOL detergent is used as follows. Technical detergent (neutral) is used for degreasing parts and assemblies of mechanical and electrical devices of railway rolling stock and other portable devices, as well as for cleaning from oil and mud deposits and other operational contaminants in accordance with technological instructions for washing and cleaning, approved and agreed upon according to established order. It is used only in concentrated form. The product is not dilutable. Detergent is applied to the surface with a brush, rag, sponge or spray, or by immersion, mechanical impact. It can be used in washing machines with jet spraying, as well as with ultrasound.

This ensures the result of obtaining a detergent that is safe and has a flash point in a closed crucible of more than 62 degrees C and in an open crucible of more than 67 degrees C. This tool provides a high degree of cleaning, compatible with a wide range of materials, because It is neutral, has increased cleaning ability, and has the possibility of repeated use.

Claims (5)

1. Detergent for cleaning surfaces from contaminants, including a surfactant based on propylene trimers with a boiling point above 230 ° C at a pressure of 760 mm Hg and an oil solvent of the C ₇ -C ₁₈ fraction, characterized in that it contains a nonionic surfactant (nonionic surfactant) with a concentration of hydrogen ions of pH in a water-alcohol emulsion with a concentration of 10 g / dm ^{3 of} at least 6.0-8 as a surfactant , 0 and the absence of a flash before boiling, and as an oil solvent, an oil solvent of the paraffin fraction in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Nonionic surfactants 0.02-0.5 paraffin oil solvent rest 2. The detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains hydroxyethylated monoalkylphenol insoluble with the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl radical 9 and the average number of moles of ethylene oxide attached to a mole of alkyl phenol from 4 to 12, and as an oil solvent - liquid liquid paraffin of a wide fraction in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Nonionic surfactants 0.02-0.5 liquid petroleum paraffin, wide fraction rest 3. The detergent according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains Neonol 9- (4-12) as a nonionic surfactant, to which an anionic surfactant is added, consisting of a mixture of sodium salts of alkyl sulfonic acids in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Neonol 9- (4-12) 0.02-0.5 a mixture of sodium salts of alkyl sulfonic acids 0.3-7.0 liquid petroleum paraffin, wide fraction 99.68-92.5 4. The detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains hydroxyethylated monoalkylphenol insoluble Neonol 9-6 as a nonionic surfactant, and a wide liquid fraction of liquid paraffin in the following ratio, wt.%:
Neonol 9-6 0.02-0.5 liquid petroleum paraffin, wide fraction rest 5. The detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains Neonol 9-6 as a nonionic surfactant, to which an anionic surfactant is added, consisting of a mixture of sodium salts of alkyl sulfonic acids, and as a petroleum solvent is a broad liquid petroleum paraffin in the following the ratio of components, wt.%:
Neonol 9-6 0.02-0.5 a mixture of sodium salts of alkyl sulfonic acids 0.3-7.0 liquid petroleum paraffin, wide fraction 99.68-92.5