RU2439123C2 - Safety mechanism for sliding block of coke-removing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: in order to check brakes, a beam 6 is mounted on a frame 1 and the sliding block is suspended by loops 41 and links 38 in a release device 11. A pair of spring-loaded cantilever beams 24 mounted under the beam 6 on profiles 5 or guide rails 4. Brakes are checked using a free fall test. A lever 12 is triggered from a safe distance using a rope 23. The release device 11 is switched from the stopper position to the release position, thus triggering free fall of the sliding block. The braking device 45 is activated if braking sensors detect very high acceleration of the sliding block which exceeds a given trigger speed. Emergency braking of the sliding block takes place. Functional capacity of braking device 45 is evaluated from the length of the braking length traversed by the sliding block until it stops on frame 1. If the braking device 45 is not triggered, the sliding block is pushed by recoil bumpers onto baffles of the spring-loaded cantilevers 24 of a catcher 30.

EFFECT: invention eliminates the risk of unreliability of brakes of the sliding block and provides cost-effective use of coke-removing apparatus.

7 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a safety device for a slider of a coke removal plant,

located with the possibility of raising and lowering with the help of a carrier device on the frame profiles above the drum to accommodate material such as coke,

guided by rollers on guide rails of profiles,

held by a winch cable led through kink rollers in the upper part of the frame, and also through a carrier roller mounted to rotate at the upper end of the slide, and

equipped with brakes, capturing the slider and fixing it on the guide rails or profiles to stop the slider in an emergency in case of failure of the carrier.

Coke removal plants contain a drum, which is gradually filled with coke during the operation of the refinery. Upon filling the drum, this coke should be unloaded. For this purpose, a coke removal tool is introduced into the drum from the upper end. The coke removal tool hangs on a hollow boring bar connected to the drive, which in working condition drives the boring bar together with the tool. The borstang is located on the above-mentioned slider and contains at its upper end a connecting element for pressurized water, which is connected by a pressure hose made with the possibility of raising and lowering together with the slider and used to supply pressure water to the boring bar. Moreover, the length of the boring bar corresponds to at least the height of the unloaded drum. Thanks to the boring bar, a coke removal tool can be brought up to the bottom of the drum.

The unloading of the drum is carried out by the fact that water supplied under high pressure, more than 100 bar, through the boring bar and exiting through the nozzles located on the specified tool, purposefully removes coke, deposits of which have formed in the drum. Moreover, during unloading, the tool passes along the entire height of the inner cavity of the drum along its longitudinal axis. To do this, the slider with the cable is lowered, the winch is respectively lowered, and after unloading the drum, it is pulled up into the frame until the coke removal tool is lifted out of the drum and is accessible on the platform above the drum.

This unloading of the drum with high-pressure water jets coming out of the coke removal tool, which is brought down on the boring bar while rotating at the same time, causes the slider together with the pressure hose filled with water under pressure, the connecting element for pressure water, the boring bar and its drive and tool takes up a large load, which, depending on the size of the coke removal plant, is about 3-5 tons. In addition, the slider brought on the guide rails of the frame profiles above the drum om, experiences during the unloading of the drum bumps and shocks. Therefore, it is of extreme importance to maintain the functional ability of the guide components that hold the slider on the guide rails of the frame profiles, especially when raising and lowering, and, above all, brakes. While regular inspection and maintenance of the bearing and guide components of the slide in a certain amount is possible directly on the spot, the functional ability of the brakes could still be verified only by dismantling them with inspection and repair in the factory. However, it is necessary to determine the moment when checking and repairing the brakes of the slide are necessary. Therefore, if only the components of the brakes are not subject to rejection in appearance, this moment of time is pushed back, not having information about whether the brakes are in an emergency case, namely, if the carrier of the slider fails and the slider falls, for example, due to a cable break, properly grasp the slider and fix it on the guide rails or, depending on the design, on the profiles, and thus prevent the slider from falling completely.

When the slider falls and its impact, together with all the components mounted on it, such as elements of the cable lift located on the slider, a pressure hose essentially filled with water under pressure, and also a boring bar together with a tool, drive and connecting element for pressure water, a significant material damage, including the actual work site and in the upper area of the drum, and, in addition, there is a significant danger to the health and life of personnel employed at the work site .

Until now, this insecurity has been put up with. Accidents that occurred mainly due to the destruction or rupture of the cable lifts of the cable lifts and led to the fall of the respective sliders in the frame above the drum in the absence of the possibility of the slider being caught by the brakes and fixing it on the guide rails or profiles, did not lead to the regular dismantling and checking of the slide brakes, mainly in order to avoid interruptions in operation associated with these activities, which could significantly disrupt the operation of the refinery.

Therefore, the objective of the invention is to eliminate the risk of unreliability of the brakes of the slide, at least to reduce it over a long time, and the proposed solution should provide savings in the operation of coke removal plants.

In the solution according to the invention

a test device is used to test the brakes directly on the spot,

comprising a carrier device, such as a traverse, made with the possibility of fixing on the frame and with the possibility of attaching a slider to simulate its free fall using a release device,

and a slider catcher configured to be removably secured to the frame at a certain distance under the crosshead.

Thus, according to the invention, for the first time, it became possible to verify the functional ability and reliability of the brakes of the slide directly on the spot, i.e. without the need to dismantle the slider and check the brakes on an open working platform above the drum or in the factory. In addition, the test device according to the invention allows the simulation of an emergency, for example, an uncontrolled fall of the slide due to an open cable, etc. Comparable factory test results can only be obtained through the construction and use of a comparable frame and through the installation of the components of the test device, i.e. with significant additional time, labor and machine costs. Checking the brakes with the test device according to the invention takes less than one working day with proper preparation and testing. At a relatively low cost in terms of time and elements of the test device, the operator of the refinery, due to the high risk of damage when the slider falls, can check the brakes of the slider at regular intervals.

The test device according to the invention comprises a traverse adapted to be mounted on the frame in the space between the guide rails of the slider, or another suitable supporting device on which, for checking the brakes, the slide can be purposefully fixed with the possibility of detaching it, namely, by means of a release device or a separator comparable in function a device by which the slider can be separated from the yoke, or other supporting device mounted on the frame, d To simulate the free fall of a slider. To do this, the carrier roller of the slider is disconnected from the winch cable and instead is connected via a connecting element to a traverse or other holding device.

At a certain distance under the traverse, a catcher is fixedly mounted on the frame to check the brakes. In this case, the distance of the trap from the traverse is chosen so that the slider, after disconnecting from the traverse, can go in free fall some path along which the slider reaches a speed sufficient for emergency sensors to trigger the brakes, if possible without collision with the trap, t. to. the catcher should intercept the slider only if the braking effect is unsatisfactory, and as a result the braking distance is too long. If the slider, after disconnecting from the yoke and passing in a free fall of a sufficient path, activates the brakes, then after a certain braking distance the slider should be fixed on the guide rails at an appropriate distance from the catcher, if the brakes are good or satisfactory. The relatively large braking distance or even the contact of the slider with the catcher means that the brakes must be repaired and their components and operational parameters, such as braking force and the like, must be checked and restored, or restored.

The yoke is preferably removably secured at both ends to guide rails or frame profiles. For this purpose, a detachable bolt fastener along a sufficient portion of the guide rails or profiles was selected in a rational way in order to achieve reliable fastening at this point by a clamp with a power circuit. For this, the traverse must be double-walled.

When operating on the traverse, a downward-pointing arrow is preferably fixed on which a release device is mounted that holds the slider at the start of the brake test.

For the release or unfastening of the connection of the yoke with the slider in order to initiate a free fall, various embodiments are possible. It is preferable if the release arm is mounted on said boom, rotatable from the locking position, in which the suspension device of the slider is fixed on the arrow, to the release position in which the suspension device is disconnected from the arrow. The rotation of the release lever to disconnect the connection of the slider with the boom is rationally carried out from a safe distance using a cable or electric motor.

The slider is preferably adapted to be secured to the crosshead using a suspension device that includes a loop of cable covering the support roller of the slider and an earring for hanging in a release device on the boom of the crosshead. In such a simple way, a strong and reliable connection of the slider with the boom is formed on the traverse. However, even with these components, the small structural costs that are necessary for the safety device according to the invention are obvious.

In addition, the catcher preferably consists of a pair of spring consoles, which are respectively made respectively with the possibility of removable fastening opposite each other on the frame profiles or guide rails. Further, the spring consoles must respectively hold a vertically guided spring-loaded bump, made with the possibility of contact with the bump surface on the lower side of the slide during the free-fall test. The comparatively small construction costs associated with the safety device according to the invention are also evident here, since one pair of spring consoles of the simplest design is already sufficient as a safety device for the case when the braking distance of the slider during the free-fall test is too large, so that the slider is prudently intercepted and fixed with the help of spring consoles serving as a catcher.

Below the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. They depict:

figure 1 is a perspective image of a portion of the frame formed from profiles and guide rails, together with a traverse and a pair of spring consoles for testing with free fall,

figure 2 is a perspective image similar to figure 1, however, with a slider installed in the frame and suspended on the traverse,

figure 3 is a perspective image, as in figure 2, however, after unfastening the connection of the slider with a traverse and after the slider passes the first section of free fall,

4 is a side view of the release device in the locking position before the free-fall test,

FIG. 5 is a side view of the releasing device according to FIG. 4 in a state after unfastening a connecting element of a slider (not shown),

6 is a side view of the spring console on the guide rail for the slider,

Fig.7 is a top view of the spring console according to Fig.6.

Figure 1 shows the prepared frame 1, placed above the drum (not shown) for loading and unloading, in particular, coke and consisting of profiles 2, 3 and guide rails 4, 5 for checking the brakes of the slide 37 (in figure 1 not shown), shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. At a certain distance below the upper end of the frame 1 on both sides of the guide rails 4, 5 with the help of bolts 7, the arc-shaped traverse 6 with double walls is firmly fixed below. In the middle of the traverse, an eye 9 is fixedly fixed for working with it and an arrow 8, passing down the center from the traverse 6. The boom 8 refers to a release device 11, which, in addition to the arrow 8, includes a release lever 12 mounted on the boom 8 for rotation about an axis 15 (FIGS. 4 and 5), as well as an earring 38 located at the lower end for the release connection of the slide 37 with boom 8. The release device 11 is activated from a safe distance using a cable 23 fixed in the eye 23a on the free end of the release lever 12.

At a certain distance under the traverse 6 there is a catcher 30, consisting of a pair of spring consoles 24, 25, mounted on the frame 1 opposite each other. Each of the spring consoles 24, 25 contains two clamps 27 fixed to each other on profiles 2, 3 by bolts 26, as shown in the drawing, while in FIGS. 1-3, the clamp 27 located at the rear is not visible, respectively. FIGS. 6 and 7 show in detail the device of the catcher 30 and, respectively, of the spring console 24 shown in the drawings, mirror-symmetrically corresponding to the spring console 25. In FIGS. 6 and 7, the spring console 24 is shown mounted on the guide rail 4, and in FIG. 1-3 it is shown placed with the grasp of the corresponding profiles 2, 3. However, the basic design of the spring consoles 24, 25 is the same and, if in doubt, can be borrowed from Figs. 1-3.

In addition, the spring consoles 24, 25 respectively comprise a bump 31, elastically supported by a coil spring 33 on the baffle plate 35 and held in a guide sleeve 33 fixed to the plate 36 with the hole 39. The threaded portion 40 passing down through the hole 39 of the plate 36 is fixed under the plate 36 by means of locknuts 34, which form an adjustable stop for the elastic recoil of the bump stop 31. By means of the clamps 27, on one side, respectively, one console 28 is fixed, which protrudes inward from the corresponding guide rail 4, 5, or the corresponding profile 2, 3, and consists of two halves connected by bolts 29.

The releasing device 11, shown in more detail in FIGS. 4 and 5, in addition to the releasing lever 12 at the lower end, comprises a clamping plate 14 that is rotatable around the axis 15, which, with the help of the jaw 18 and opposite to it at the lower end of the boom 8 of the jaw 17, forms the detachable holder of the finger releasing device 11 (not shown) of the earring 38 for hanging the slider 37. The releasing lever 12 is also connected to the clamping plate 14 via the axis of rotation 13. Fastened to the boom 8 using the rotation axis 20, the drive arm 19, the other end of which is mounted on the release arm 12 with the rotation axis 21, completes the articulated four link of the release device 11 containing four axes 13, 15, 20 and 21. On the free end of the release lever 12 there is a handle 22 for setting the release device 11 into operating positions, while its actuation, as already mentioned, is carried out using a cable 23 fixed in the eye 23a at the outer end of the release growl and 12.

The release device 11, shown in more detail in FIGS. 4 and 5 and described above, is brought before the brakes are checked to the locking position shown in FIG. 4, in which the pin (not shown) of the earring 38, and thus the slide 37 in general, is securely fixed between the jaws 17, 18 of the boom 8 or the clamping plate 14. After activating the release device 11 by turning the release lever 12 by the cable 23, the release device 11 is brought into the release position shown in FIG. 5, in which the free fall of the slider 3 begins 7.

The locking position is shown essentially in figure 2, and the releasing position is shown in figure 3. In the locking position, the slider 37 is suspended on the boom 8 through the loop 41 of the cable and the specified earring 38, while the loop 41 covers the carrier roller 42 in the roller holder 43. Otherwise, the design of the slider 37 and the components that it contains are known, so that only references are made to the elements necessary for the free fall of the slider 37 and for checking the brakes. Even during the free fall produced for checking the brakes, the slider 37 is guided by four pairs of rollers 44 on the guide rails 4, 5, while only the front rollers 44 are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The brake device 45 made in the usual way is shown containing the known the brake lever system extending to the sensing element 46, which is extended in the locking position (FIG. 2) and in the releasing position (FIG. 3).

To check the brakes, a yoke 6 is mounted on the frame 1, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, and the slider 37 is suspended using the loop 41 and the earring 38 in the release device 11. At an appropriate distance under the yoke 6 on the profiles 5 or guide rails 4, or on both of them, a pair of spring consoles is fixed 24. Thus, the free-fall test for checking the brakes is fully prepared. Then, using the cable 23, the release lever 11 is actuated from a safe distance so that the release device 11 is moved from the locking position (FIG. 2) to the release position (FIG. 3) and as a result, the slide 37 starts to fall freely. As soon as the brake sensors , including the sensing element 46, a very large acceleration of the slider 37 will be recorded with a predetermined response speed being exceeded, the braking device 45 is activated, and as a result the emergency braking of the slider 37 will occur. Evaluation of the functional method of the braking device 45 can be made along the length of the braking distance, which runs the slider 37 until it stops on the frame 1. In the worst case, the slider 37 runs against the fender disks 35 of the spring arms 24 of the catcher 30 with the corresponding fenders.

Otherwise, with regard to the action, capabilities and advantages of the safety device shown in Figs. 1-7 as an embodiment, the reasoning given in the introduction is valid.

Claims (7)

1. The safety device of the slider of the coke removal unit, located with the possibility of raising and lowering with the help of the supporting device on the profiles (2, 3) of the frame (1) above the drum to place material such as coke guided by rollers (44) on the guide rails (4, 5) profiles (2, 3), held by a winch cable held through the kink rollers in the upper part of the frame (1), as well as through the carrier roller (42), mounted for rotation on the upper end of the slide (37), and equipped with brakes ( 45), spectacular slider (37) and fixer it on the guide rails (4, 5) or profiles (2, 3) to stop the slider (37) in an emergency in case of failure of the carrier, characterized in that for testing the brakes (45) directly on the spot it contains a test device containing a supporting device, such as a traverse (6), made with the possibility of fixing on the frame (1) and made with the possibility of attaching a slider (37) to simulate its free fall using a release device (11), and a catcher (30) of the slider (37) made with the possibility of removable for repleniya on the frame (1) at a certain distance below the crosspiece (6). 2. The safety device according to claim 1, characterized in that the traverse (6) is made with the possibility of removable fastening at both ends on the guide rails (4, 5) and / or profiles (2, 3) of the frame (1). 3. The safety device according to claim 1, characterized in that when operating on the traverse (6), an arrow (8) is fixed, directed downwards, on which a release device (11) is placed. 4. The safety device according to claim 3, characterized in that the release lever (12) is mounted rotatably on the boom (8) and is rotatable from the locking position, in which the slider suspension device (37) is fixed on the boom (8) in the release position in which the suspension device is disconnected from the boom (8). 5. The safety device according to claim 4, characterized in that the slider (37) is configured to be mounted on the traverse (6) using a suspension device containing a loop (41) of a cable covering the carrier roller (42) of the slider (37), and an earring (38) for hanging in the release device (11) on the boom (8) of the yoke (6). 6. A safety device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the catcher (30) consists of a pair of spring consoles (24, 25), respectively made with the possibility of removable fastening opposite each other on the profiles (2, 3) of the frame ( 1) and / or guide rails (4, 5). 7. The safety device according to claim 6, characterized in that the spring consoles (24, 25) respectively hold a vertically guided spring-loaded chipper (31) made with the possibility of contact with the chipper surface on the lower side of the slide (37) during the free fall test.

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