RU2437156C1 - Alarm device and detecting element - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics. ^ SUBSTANCE: device includes new functional elements and actuating devices which enable to increase sensitivity of the device and obtain additional information on normal operation of the device and break-down of part or all of the detecting element. Disclosed is a new design of the detecting element, which enables to increase reliability, cut assembly time, increase service life of insulators, cut their number and the maintenance period. ^ EFFECT: broader functional capabilities and high reliability. ^ 7 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technical means of protection and can be used to protect the perimeters of objects, extended sections of terrain, openings (windows, doors) of buildings, using a capacitive sensor as a sensitive element.

The invention relates to technical means of protection, in which the sensitive node is a frequency generator with a capacitive sensor element included in its frequency setting circuit, affecting the frequency of the generator. See, for example, patents RU 2025781, IPC G08B 13/26, RU 2126173, IPC G08B 13/26, RU 2012925, IPC G08B 13/26, and others.

The closest in technical essence and more reliable is the alarm device according to patent RU 2379759, which digitally processes the signal of a capacitive sensitive element. This invention has been claimed to eliminate the disadvantages of the above inventions. One of the options for this device, containing two pulse distributors, adopted as a prototype.

The present invention is the second variant of the prototype, in which two pulse distributors are used in other connections with the remaining elements of the device, which allowed to reduce power consumption, despite the introduction of additional actuators to expand the functionality. The invention includes devices for determining the complete and partial breakage of a sensitive element, signaling the normal functioning of the entire device, determining electromagnetic and other interference signals in order to prevent false alarm formation.

Sensitive elements of a capacitive type are widely known for guarding perimeters made of wire cloth, mesh, lattice or barbed wire suspended on insulators fixed to supports. When installing these elements, a lot of labor is required, since it is necessary to manually install a large number of insulators at the installation site using a large amount of fixing material for them and for the sensitive element. The insulators themselves are not protected from the environment and are subject to destruction. Precipitation and precipitation of dust and soot reduce their insulating properties, resulting in the need for their frequent and laborious maintenance.

The present invention of the sensitive element of the new design is devoid of the above disadvantages and has the additional advantages indicated in the section of its description.

Figure 1 shows a functional diagram of an alarm notification device.

The alarm notification device comprises a sensitive element (SE) 1, a frequency sequence generator 2, first and second frequency sequence pulses 3, 4, a number setter 5, a totalizing pulse counter 6, first and second elements 7, 8, a stable frequency generator 9, a frequency divider 10, subtracting the pulse counter 11, a decoder 12, a counter 13 generating cycles for comparing frequency sequences, the first and second elements OR 14, 15, the actuator 16 and the determinant 17 of the alarm signal, which will contain the first and second elements And 18, 19, the first and second counters 20, 21 pulses, the trigger 22 and the element OR 23. The second element OR 15, introduced into the alarm notification device, allows you to accelerate the process of resetting it to its original state with the beginning of its operation.

To protect the device from lightning discharges and electromagnetic interference, the frequency sequence generator 2 is connected to the sensing element 1 through an input device 24 with capacitive isolation and with means of protection against lightning and other electrical discharges and electromagnetic interference.

To increase the sensitivity of the device to SE 1, a frequency multiplier 25 is introduced into the device, connected in series with the output of the generator 2 and with the first inputs of the first and second elements And 7, 8.

To monitor the state of the SE, the second and third actuators 26, 27 and the element OR-NOT 28 are introduced into the device. The device 26 allows you to control the SE in the event of its break from the alarm notification device. It is connected to the output of the summing counter 6, connected to its input V self-locking. The actuator 27 is connected to the output of the OR-NOT 28 element connected by the inputs to the two outputs of the decoder 12. Separating the decoder into two components of its output allows you to control the SE in the case of poor-quality connection of its parts or exposure to the environment, affecting changes in its parameters, which allows you to separate this signal, as a sabotage signal, from an alarm signal generated from the impact of the intruder.

To monitor the operability of the device, a fourth actuator 29 is inserted into it, connected to one of the outputs of the counter 13, preferably to the penultimate output through the differential circuit of the amplifier.

The alarm device operates as follows.

The generator 2 generates a frequency sequence with a frequency depending on the capacitance of the sensing element 1 included in the frequency generator circuit, increasing the frequency of the sequence using a frequency multiplier 25. Simultaneously, from the output of the generator 9, the pulses arrive at the input of the frequency divider 10, which generates a series of rectangular pulses of the type a meander with a repetition period equal to the period of measuring the frequency of the generator 2 increased by a frequency factor of 25. An account is connected to the output of the frequency divider ny inputs of distributors of 3, 4 impulses. The second distributor 4 is included in the work only with the permission of the first distributor 3. The first pulse received from the output of the frequency divider 10, the first distributor 3 switches to the first position. From its first output, the signal is fed to the input W for recording the number of the totalizing counter 6. The number of the set sensitivity threshold in the setter 5, coupled with the information inputs, is overwritten into the triggers of the totalizing counter and this information is stored until the beginning of the counting. With the second counting pulse, the distributor 3 switches and, from its second output, the generated pulse goes to the second input of the And 7 element, to the first input of which the frequency multiplier 25 is connected with the output. From the output of the And 7 element, the multiplied pulse frequency of the frequency sequence generator 2 starts to arrive at the counting input C of the summing counter 6, until the next pulse arrives at the counting input C of the distributor 3 from the frequency divider 10. During the counting, the number of pulses received at the counting input is added scrap recorded by setting the number of data inputs setpoint, whereby the set threshold. With the third pulse, the distributor 3 switches to the third position. A signal pulse is taken from its second output and a number is fixed in the totalizing counter, which is taken as a standard when measuring and comparing subsequent numbers of pulses of frequency sequences. From the third output of the first distributor 3, the signal of a logical unit goes to the input C of the pulse count resolution of the second distributor 4 and to the input V of the prohibition of its account, which blocks From this moment on, the second distributor 4 is turned on. When switching from its first output, a signal is input to the input W of the recording permission number of the subtracting counter 11, coupled with the information inputs of the parallel recording with the outputs of the totalizing counter 6, and rewrites its data. The next time switching from its second output, the signal enters the second input of the second element And 8. From the frequency multiplier 25, the output of which is connected to the first input of the element And 8, the pulses arrive at the counting C input of the subtracting counter 11. The number of pulses rewritten from the summing subtracts counter, which ends when the distributor switches to the third position and with the fixation of the resulting difference, which is the result of a comparison of numbers. The pulse generated at the third output serves as a control signal; when it is generated, the result of the difference in the numbers of pulses of the summing and subtracting counters is always generated in the decoder. The control signal is fed to input C of counter 13, fixing the first cycle of comparing the frequency sequence, and to the first input of determinant 17 of the alarm signal, which combines the first inputs of flip-flop 22, element And 18 and input V of the counter counter 21. The subtraction result of counter 11 is output to decoder outputs 12.

When comparing the pulse numbers of the summing and subtracting counters, there may be cases when the subtracting counter has a number equal to the specified number of the sensitivity threshold in the setter 5, or this number will be with a difference within the specified number of the sensitivity threshold, which will correspond to an insignificant effect on the sensitive element, for example when weather conditions change. In these cases, at the control signal, a warning signal about a violation is not generated in the decoder, at its first output there should be a signal of a logical unit, and at the second - a logical zero. The inverse output of the OR-NOT 28 element will also be a logical zero, and the actuator 27 will not turn on. From the second output of the decoder to the second input of the determiner 17 connected to it, an alarm signal will not be received. The received control signal at the first input of the determinant 17 switches the counter 21 and the trigger 22, since at its second input from the second output of the decoder receives a logical zero. The logical unit formed at the output of the trigger goes to the first input of the OR element 23, which, by the signal of the logical unit at the output, resets the counter 20 and holds the reset until the logical unit appears at the second output of the decoder. As a result of resetting the counter 20, a logical zero level will be present at the first input and output of the And 19 element, and the device will continue to work. At the next switchover of the distributor 4 from its fourth output, the signal enters through the OR element 15 to its reset input R, and the distributor returns to its initial state. From the output of its initial state, the signal enters the reset input R of the subtracting counter 11 and returns it to its original state. From this moment, the algorithm for measuring and comparing the number of pulses following the frequency sequence is repeated until the set value is filled with pulses of the counter 13. When the counter 13 is switched from its output, a pulse will periodically be fed to the input of the actuator 29, which will signal the normal operation of the entire device. When filling the counter 13, the signal from its output enters through the first input of the OR element 14, to the inputs R of the reset counter 21, the distributor 3 and the frequency divider 10. From the output of the initial state of the distributor 3, the signal goes to the reset inputs R of the counters 6, 13 and through the OR element 15 to the reset input of the distributor 4, which by the signal at the output of the initial state resets the subtracting counter 11. From this moment, the operation cycle of the device is repeated.

If the difference between the numbers of the summing and subtracting counters goes beyond the number of the set sensitivity threshold, then a warning signal about a violation will be generated at the outputs of the decoder 12. This can be in cases when the intruder approaches the capacitive sensitive element, when recording an interference signal, or in case of partial or complete breakage of the sensitive element. The additional actuators introduced into the device make it possible to recognize the reasons for their appearance.

If, when comparing the pulse numbers of the summing and subtracting counters, with a control signal, two logical zeros appear at the outputs of the decoder, then this corresponds to the fact that a larger number of pulses arrived at the subtracting counter than recorded in the summing counter, and the actuator 27 will work - “tampering ". This means that the capacitance of the sensing element decreased, and the frequency of the frequency generator 2 increased. This is only possible when part of the CE is turned off. When the SE is completely turned off, actuators 26 and 27 will work, while device 26 will give a constant alarm signal from the overflow of the totalizing counter, interrupting only at the moment of its reset, and device 27 will give an intermittent signal to inform about “tamper”.

If a logical unit signal appears at the second output of the decoder in the operation cycle at the second decoder output, indicating the appearance of an alarm warning signal, in this case there will be a logical zero on the inverse output of the OR-NOT 28 element, excluding the operation of the device 27, and the logical unit from the decoder will arrive to the input of the account ban of the subtracting counter 11 and to the second input of the determinant 17. The task of the determinant 17 is to recognize, on the basis of what reasons this signal was generated, from the received interference or from the intruder. If the interference was present during the formation of the reference number, then, during two consecutive comparisons, the decoder output should not have a repeating logical unit, since the random noise signal cannot be a value with the same parameters at different time intervals. In this case, the determinant 17 generates a reset signal of the entire device for re-comparing the numbers of frequency sequences. This happens as follows. The logical unit from the second output of the decoder enters through the second input of the determinant to the combined second inputs of the element And 18 and the trigger 22 and switches the output of the trigger from a logical unit to a logical zero. Two logical zeros will appear at the inputs of the OR 23 element, which also forms a logical zero at its output and protects the counter 20 from resetting. Two logical units, received simultaneously at the first and second inputs of the determinant 17 at the inputs of the element And 18, form the output of the element And 18 a signal that goes to the input V of the counter 20 and switches it to the first position. The received signal at the first input of the determinant 17 to the input V of the counter 21 also switches it to the first position, and then logical units appear at the inputs of the And 19 element and at its output. The logical unit from the output of the element And 19 through the second input of the element OR 14 is fed to the reset inputs of the counter of the divider 10 and the first distributor 3, which leads to the return of the entire device to its original state as described above. After the reset, a second cycle of work begins. If during the second cycle of operation, at the control signal, the logical unit does not appear at the second output of the decoder 12, this will mean that there was a hindrance in the previous cycle. The device will continue to operate without an alarm.

If during subsequent comparisons of the number of pulses of the frequency sequences, each time a control signal appears at the second output of the decoder, a logical unit will appear, this will mean that the capacitance of the SE has increased, the number of received pulses by the subtracting counter has decreased and the difference between the compared numbers of frequency sequences exceeds the specified sensitivity threshold . This is possible if the intruder approaches the SE. In this case, by the repeated receipt of the control signal at the counting input V of the counter 21, the counter will switch to the second position and will lock itself until a signal arrives at its reset input. The incoming signal of a logical unit, from the decoder to the second input of the trigger, is ahead of the control signal at its first input and is delayed by the shutdown that occurs from the reset of the second distributor 4, which does not allow resetting the counter 20 to its original state. The incoming signals (logical units) to the inputs of the element And 18 its output pulses switches the counter 20 to the output of the specified counting of disturbance signals, the signal of which the counter is set to self-locking and generates an alarm signal to the input of the actuator 16.

If a logic zero signal appears at least once at the second output of the decoder during the generation of the alarm signal, then the counter 20 will be returned to its original state, since trigger 22 will switch with a control signal and give a signal of a logical unit through OR 23 to its reset input. There will be no alarm, and incoming warning alarms were due to interference.

Figure 2 shows the sensing element with an element of engineering protection from climbing the intruder.

Figure 3 shows a door made of sheet metal, hinged on the hinges of the casing of the support, in section. The door is part of a capacitive type sensing element.

The sensing element consists of a conductive material made, for example, of a grid or grid 30, of ordinary or barbed wire 31 or of sheets of metal, for example, a manufactured door 32 and hung on hinges 33. The conductive material serves as one of the capacitor plates the sensing element 1 and is mounted on a casing 34 mounted on insulators 35 mounted on a rod 36, which is the basis of the support. The casing in the upper part has a cap or visor 37, which protects the insulators from the effects of the external environment (rain, snow, dust, car exhaust, solar radiation, etc.). On it, in the factory, fasteners can be installed in advance for installing and fixing conductive material on them (for example, hooks 38 or hinges 33 are welded for canopies of gates or gates). The rod and the casing can be made of any material that provides sufficient strength for support. In the upper part of the rod, an additional engineering barrier 39 from the intruder’s climb can be installed and at the same time will prevent birds from landing on the SE. An elongated rod made of metal can simultaneously serve as a lightning conductor, protecting against direct electric discharge from entering the sensitive element. In the case of connecting the rod with an engineering fence made of "barbed" wire and grounded with the rod, they will be the second lining of the capacitor of the sensing element, which reliably protects the device from lightning discharges and from electromagnetic interference, which significantly increases protection from the approaching intruder.

The use of the proposed design as a capacitive sensitive element significantly reduces the installation of the fence, since all its fasteners can be manufactured centrally in the factory. Due to the security of the insulators, their service life is significantly increased and their maintenance is practically not required. The structural supports can fulfill a dual purpose, which saves the materials used for the manufacture of supports for other purposes (supports for lighting the perimeter of the fence, supports for canopy gates and doors of gates, supports for protection against thunder, etc.).

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 2379759 C, IPC G08B 13/26, 03/14/2007 (prototype).

2. Patents RU No. 2281558 C2, IPC G08B 13/26, 07/12/2004. RU No. 2277263 C1, IPC G08B 13/26, 10/19/2004. RU No. 2025781 C1, G08B 13/26, RU No. 2126173, IPC G08B 13/26. RU No.2012925, IPC G08B 13/26, 10.06.1991. Copyright certificates of the USSR No. 372571, MKI G08B 13/26, 1969; No. 1299353 A1, G08B 13/26, 01/07/85.

3. Articles of the journal RADIO: Capacitive relay. Radio, No. 1, 1988. A frequency comparison device. Radio, No. 9, 1988. Frequency doubler. Radio, No. 8, 1976 Radio, 1984

Claims (7)

1. An alarm notification device containing a sensing element connected to the frequency-setting circuit of the frequency sequence generator, adding up a pulse counter, coupled with information inputs with the outputs of a number generator, subtracting a counter coupled with information inputs with outputs of the adding pulse counter and outputs - with the corresponding information inputs of the decoder, the first and second elements And, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding counting inputs of the summing and subtracting counter of pulses, a stable frequency generator, a determinant of disturbance signals, an actuator, a counter of frequency sequence comparison cycles, connected by an output to the first input of an OR element, connected by an output to the initial reset input of the first distributor, connected by the initial state output to the installation inputs to the initial state a pulse counter and a counter of cycles of comparing frequency sequences, the first output - with the input of the parallel recording of the totalizing counter , the second output - with the second input of the first AND element, the third output - with the input of the own account prohibition and the input of the account resolution of the second distributor connected to the initial state output with the input of the return to the initial state of the subtracting counter, the first output - with the input of the parallel recording of the subtracting counter, the second output - with the second input of the second AND element, the third output - with the counting input of the counter of frequency comparison cycles and with the first input of the alarm identifier, the fourth output - self-resetting input to the initial state, characterized in that a frequency multiplier is inserted into the device, connected in series with the output of the frequency sequence generator and with the first inputs of the first and second AND elements, a frequency divider connected by a counting input to the output of the stable frequency generator, and the output with counting inputs the first and second distributors and the input to the reset state - with the output of the OR element, while the alarm identifier is connected to the second input - with the second output of the decoder, the third input - with the output of the OR element, the first output - with the input of the actuator and the second output - with the second input of the OR element. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the determinant of the alarm signal contains the first and second pulse counters, the first element And connected by the output to the counting input of the first counter, the second element And, connected by the inputs to the first outputs of the counters, a trigger connected by the output to the first input of the OR element connected by the output to the reset input of the first counter, while the second output of the second counter is connected to its own counter prohibition input, its counter input, the first trigger input and the first input of the first AND element are combined and I are the first input of the determinant, the combined second inputs of the trigger and the first element AND are the second input of the determinant, the combined second input of the OR element and the reset input of the second counter are the third input of the determinant, the output of the specified number of counting signals of violation of the first counter is connected to the self-locking input and is the first output, the output of the second element And is the second output of the determinant. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to accelerate its reset, the second OR element is inserted into it, connected by the first input to the output of the initial state of the first distributor, the second input and output, respectively, with the fourth output of the second distributor and with the input of its reset to its original state. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to receive notification of a connection with the sensor, it is equipped with a second actuator connected to the input of the output of the summing counter, which records the maximum frequency of the frequency sequence when the sensor is off. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to notify of the presence of interference affecting the sensitive element, it is equipped with an OR-NOT element connected to the inputs with the first and second outputs of the decoder and the output with the input of the entered third actuator and with the deny counter account ban input. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to control its functioning, a fourth actuating device is connected to it, connected to the output of the counter of the cycles of comparing frequency sequences by an input. 7. A capacitive sensitive element consisting of conductive material isolated from its supports installed on the ground or on a wall fence, characterized in that the support is made of a rod on which a casing with conductive material fixed to it is installed on the insulators and protects the insulators from exposure the external environment.

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