RU2436841C1 - Procedure for production of lubricating additive to diesel fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: randomisation is performed at presence of catalyst - potassium hydroxide - at continuous mixing components in reactor of randomisation. Upon completion of mixing produced mixture is pumped over into a settling reservoir where mixture settles for not less, than twenty four hours. Further, settled glycerine is drained from the settling reservoir whereto water is pumped. After not less, than twenty four hours, settled water is drained into a reservoir for water, while residue is dried to finished product. Preferably, vegetable oil should be heated to temperature 66÷68°C before randomisation.

EFFECT: simple and safe procedure for production of lubricating additive to diesel fuel corresponding to mixture of ethyl ethers of fat acids.

2 cl

Description

The invention relates to a technology for the production of a mixture of ethyl esters of fatty acids used as a lubricating additive to diesel fuel with low sulfur content.

It is known that diesel fuel must have lubricity to protect against accelerated wear of moving parts of pumps, input systems and other engine elements with which the fuel is in contact. At the same time, diesel fuel should provide as little as possible emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere during its combustion, especially sulfur compounds. To obtain fuel that does not pollute the environment during its combustion, its deep cleaning of sulfur compounds is used. However, the deep cleaning of fuel from sulfur leads to the loss of aromatic and polar compounds associated with it, which worsens the natural lubricity of the fuel and leads to an acceleration of the phenomena of wear and destruction of moving parts of pumps and input systems.

To ensure the lubricity of low-sulfur diesel fuel, additives are introduced into it to replace aromatic and polar compounds lost in the process of fuel cleaning, while the additives must meet environmental requirements, i.e. should not pollute the environment when burning fuel. These requirements, in particular, are satisfied by additives, which are a mixture of ethyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids, the process of which is the subject of consideration of this application.

A known method of producing concentrates of ethyl esters of polyunsaturated higher fatty acids described in the patent of the Russian Federation [1] - RU 2041256 C1, C11B 7/00, 08/09/1995, including transesterification of dehydrated fat with ethyl alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid, neutralization of the transesterification with an alkali solution, separation of neutral esters and fractional distillation in vacuum.

A known method of producing a concentrate of ethyl esters of polyunsaturated higher fatty acids described in the patent of the Russian Federation [2] - RU 2078130 C1, C11C 3/10, 04/27/1997, including transesterification of fat in an environment of ethyl alcohol and sulfuric acid, removal of sulfuric acid with tap water, fractionation and isolation of the desired product by vacuum molecular distillation.

A known method of producing a concentrate of ethyl esters of polyunsaturated higher fatty acids described in the patent of the Russian Federation [3] - RU 2209235 C2, C11B 7/00, 07/27/2003, including transesterification of fat with ethyl alcohol in the presence of an alkaline catalyst, fractionation and isolation of the target product through a molecular vacuum distillation.

A common drawback of the methods discussed in [1] ÷ [3], from the point of view of the possibility of using them to obtain lubricating additives for diesel fuel, is the complexity of technological processes, the high cost and scarcity of the original product, which is used as fish oil.

Known cheaper and more suitable for the manufacture of lubricating additives for diesel fuel is a method for producing fatty acid esters from vegetable oil described in the patent of the Russian Federation [4] - RU 2365625 C1, C12P 7/62, C10L 1/02, C11C 3/10, 27.08 .2009, adopted as a prototype

The prototype method consists in the transesterification of vegetable oil, which is used as rapeseed oil, with ethyl alcohol, and the transesterification process is carried out in a transesterification reactor at a temperature of 350 ÷ 400 ° C and a pressure of 35 ÷ 50 MPa for 20 minutes, obtained as a result of transesterification, the reaction mixture is cooled and fed to an extractor, where it is thermostated to a temperature of 250 ° С, then carbon dioxide is extracted under supercritical conditions at a flow rate of carbon dioxide yes 40 l / h at a temperature of 350 ° C and a pressure of 35 MPa, the resulting homogeneous mixture is fed to the first separator to separate glycerol from the target product at a pressure of 0.5 MPa and a temperature of 20 ÷ 30 ° C, after which the target product purified from glycerin is fed in the second separator to separate the mixture of ethyl esters of fatty acids from carbon dioxide at a pressure of 0.2 MPa and a temperature of 15 ° C, and the separated carbon dioxide is sent for recycling.

The mixture of ethyl esters of fatty acids thus obtained can be used as an independent type of fuel (“biodiesel”), as well as a lubricating additive to traditional diesel fuel, which is a product of direct distillation of crude oil.

The advantage of the prototype method is the availability of raw materials and the ability to obtain the target product on an industrial scale. The disadvantage is the complexity of the technological processes, caused, in particular, by the need to use high temperatures and pressures, which complicates the equipment and increases the degree of danger to personnel.

The technical result, to which the claimed invention is directed, is to develop a simpler and safer, compared with the prototype, method for producing a lubricating additive to diesel fuel, which is a mixture of ethyl esters of fatty acids.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a method for producing a lubricating additive to diesel fuel, which includes transesterification of vegetable oil with ethyl alcohol and separation of glycerol formed during the reaction, unlike the prototype, transesterification is carried out in the presence of a catalyst - potassium hydroxide - with continuous mixing of the components in the transesterification reactor, after mixing is completed, the mixture is pumped into the installation tank, where it is left to stand for at least 24 hours, then the settled mixture is drained litserin of docking the vessel and pumped into the water therefrom, and then after the lapse of not less than one day the supernatant decanted water in the water tank, and the residue was dried to obtain the finished product.

In preferred embodiments, the vegetable oil is preheated prior to transesterification to a temperature of 66 ÷ 68 ° C.

For the considered purposes of obtaining a lubricating additive for diesel fuel, any vegetable oil of any origin can be used, for example, rapeseed, sunflower, cotton, palm, etc.

The finished product - a lubricating additive to diesel fuel - is a multicomponent mixture of ethyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic (C ₁₈ H ₃₄ O ₂ ), linoleic (C ₁₈ H ₃₂ O ₂ ), linolenic (C ₁₈ H ₃₀ O ₂ ) eruca (C ₂₂ H ₄₂ O ₂ ), in which the volume fractions of the resulting ethyl esters of fatty acids are unstable and vary within a fairly wide range depending on the vegetable oil used.

The resulting lubricating additive is a light yellow to dark brown liquid, depending on the vegetable oil used. The lubricity of the obtained additive, characterized by a decrease in the diameter of the wear spot when adding 0.1 vol.% Of the additive, is at least 100 μm, the density of the additive at 20 ° C is from 875 to 925 kg / m ³ , the pour point (crystallization) is not higher minus 8 ° С, and ash content - not more than 0.01%. The use of the additive consists in its addition to diesel fuels containing less than 0.1 wt.% Sulfur, in concentrations from 0.1 to 1.3 wt.% (The higher the concentration, the higher the lubricity of diesel fuel).

The increase in the lubricity of diesel fuel when using the obtained additive is explained by the ability of asymmetrically polarized organic molecules to separate nonpolar solvents in the medium and the associated increase in the adhesive ability to metals, which leads to the formation of a special nanoscale structure on the surfaces of the lubricated friction units - a “molecular pile”, consisting of normally oriented to the surface of molecules that form electromagnetic bonds with metal atoms and increase by several times the thickness and strength of the boundary layer of the lubricant.

The implementation of the proposed method is carried out using standard equipment manufactured by the industry.

As the transesterification reactor, the VK-12000 Advanprocessor automatic processor (reactor) from Bio-King (Netherlands) can be used.

As equipment for the preparation of a mixture of alcohol and a catalyst, the Methoxide mixing tank reactor of the Bio-King company can be used.

As a mounting container for separating glycerol and washing the resulting product, a “Washbk1400-S / W” container by Bio-King can be used.

As a reservoir for drying the finished product and removing residual water from it, the BK-12000 Dryer / heater by Bio-King can be used.

When using the specified equipment, the process of obtaining a lubricating additive for diesel fuel occurs as follows.

To get about a ton of additive, you need to have about a ton of vegetable oil (~ 1100 L), about two hundred liters of ethyl alcohol, about ten kilograms of potassium hydroxide, and about two hundred liters of water.

Ethyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide are respectively poured and filled into the Methoxide mixing tank reactor, where these components are mixed for about 20 minutes.

The filtered vegetable oil is pumped into the VK-12000 Advanprocessor reactor, where it is heated to a temperature of 66 ÷ 68 ° C. After the heating is turned off, a solution of potassium hydroxide in ethanol prepared in the Methoxide mixing tank reactor is pumped into the VK-12000 Advanprocessor reactor. After that, the reactor "VK-12000 Advanprocessor" is included in the mixing mode for a time of about 40 ÷ 45 minutes.

The mixture obtained after mixing is pumped from the VK-12000 Advanprocessor reactor to the Washbk1400-S / W installation tank, where it settles for at least 24 hours. After this, the settled glycerin is poured into the glycerol tank, and water is pumped into the Washbk1400-S / W installation tank. After at least a day, the settled water is discharged into the water tank.

The product thus obtained is pumped to the drying tank “VK-12000 Dryer / heater”. The drying process lasts approximately 2 ÷ 2.5 hours. After that, the finished product is pumped into a storage tank.

For the consumer, the finished product is packaged, for example, in 200, 500 or 1000 ml polyethylene bottles, 25 l canisters or 200 l barrels.

The fused glycerin is refined and sold as a by-product. After cleaning, the drained water returns to the manufacturing process.

Thus, the above shows that the claimed invention is feasible and ensures the achievement of the technical result, which consists in the development of a simple and safe method for producing a lubricating additive to diesel fuel, which is a mixture of ethyl esters of fatty acids.

Information sources

1. RU 2041256 C1, C11B 7/00, publ. 08/09/1995.

2. RU 2078130 C1, C11C 3/10, publ. 04/27/1997.

3. RU 2209235 C2, C11B 7/00, publ. 07/27/2003.

4. RU 2365625 C1, C12P 7/62, C10L 1/02, C11C 3/10, publ. 08/27/2009.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing a lubricating additive for diesel fuel, including transesterification of vegetable oil with ethyl alcohol and separation of glycerol formed during the reaction, characterized in that the transesterification is carried out in the presence of a catalyst - potassium hydroxide - with continuous mixing of the components in the transesterification reactor, after mixing is pumped over the resulting mixture in the installation tank, where they have been standing for at least 24 hours, then the settled glycerin is drained from the installation tank and pumped water in it, then after at least one day the settled water is poured into the water tank, and the residue is dried to obtain the finished product. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vegetable oil is preheated prior to transesterification to a temperature of 66 ÷ 68 ° C.