RU2436711C1 - Method of aircraft crew rescue and system to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: set of inventions relates to aircraft rescue equipment. Proposed method comprises catapulting rescue parachute and, then, pilot by compressed gas, for example, air fed from air cylinder. Proposed system comprises parachute actuation mechanism and pilot ejection mechanism, and pneumatic drive made up of air cylinder with manual drive multipurpose valve charged with compressed air and pressure gage. Note here that said multipurpose valve is communicated in parallel with shut-off valve and pressure regulator.

EFFECT: higher safety.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to aeronautical engineering, in particular to methods for emergency rescue of an aircraft crew member, as well as to means for ejection from an aircraft in emergency situations.

Currently, the following methods are known for rescuing aircraft crew members in emergency situations.

1. By the method of ejection of the seat together with the pilot and the subsequent automatic launching of the rescue parachute, used in ejection seats of the K-36 type (Technical Operation Manual No. ZAB-9200-00 RE. Edition of OAO NPP Zvezda, 1982) .

2. By the method of ejection of the laying of the rescue parachute, and then of the crew member, implemented in an ejection system of the SKS type (Technical Maintenance Manual No.SKS-9200-1300 RE, edition of Zvezda NPP OJSC, 2005; patent No. 2075861 “Emergency method” leaving the crew of an aircraft ”, priority 06/30/1994; patent US 6,042,054“ Emergency escape method for an aircraft crew ”, priority March 28, 2000).

In these methods and the system, a drive using the energy of powder gases generated during the detonation of pyrotechnic products is used as a driving force for ejection, stowage of the rescue parachute and the deployment of the pilot's firing mechanism.

The main disadvantages of the methods and systems using pyrotechnic products are as follows.

1. The use of pyrotechnic products, their storage, transportation as a dangerous cargo as part of the system, as well as replacement after the expiration of their service life requires numerous permits, especially when transporting to foreign countries.

2. Special training is required for personnel working with pyrotechnic products and the observance of special safety measures during their operation, storage and disposal.

3. The performance of pyrotechnic products is not controlled during operation, but is taken according to the warranty service life, which may affect the performance of the ejection system.

4. Adjusting the parameters of the powder gases (flow rate, pressure) to ensure permissible overloads acting on the pilot at the moment of ejection, causes great difficulties, complicates the design, increases weight, reduces the reliability of the ejection system.

In order to eliminate these drawbacks, an emergency rescue method is proposed, in which a pneumatic drive is used, which uses the energy of compressed gas (for example, air) as the driving force to actuate the mechanism for introducing the parachute and the firing mechanism of the pilot.

Since the pilots have different masses, and each of them should eject with the optimal parameters of speed, acceleration, throw height, different energy of compressed air is needed, which is achieved in the pneumatic drive by manually adjusting the pressure regulator on the ground before the flight.

The inventive method of salvation is implemented by the system represented by figures 1, 2, 3, 4.

Figure 1 represents a system containing a pneumatic actuator consisting of a power unit 1, a shut-off valve 2, a pressure regulator 3, a parachute input mechanism 4 and a pilot firing mechanism 5.

Figure 2 represents the power unit.

Figure 3 represents the shutoff valve.

4 represents a pressure regulator.

To control the presence of compressed air and pressure during a pre-flight inspection in the power unit (figure 2), a pressure gauge 6 is installed.

Having decided to eject, the pilot yanks the ejection handle associated with the starter cable 7 (figure 2) of the power unit. The power unit containing the cylinder with the locking and starting device of the manual drive is activated, and the compressed air enters the shut-off valve 2, and then into the pneumatic cylinder of the parachute input mechanism 4 (Fig. 1). The pressure force generated in the pneumatic cylinder and actuating the parachute input mechanism acts at the end of the stroke of the mechanism through the eye 8 on the pneumatically unloaded piston 9 with labyrinth seals, moving it all the way into the shock absorber 10 (Fig. 3).

Moving, the piston 9 cuts off the pin 11 at the beginning of the stroke, and at the end of the stroke, blocking the supply of compressed air to the pneumatic cylinder of the parachute input mechanism, interacts via knives located on the conical surface with a shock absorber 10, forming a fixed, fixed connection that fixes the position of the piston 9.

At the same time, compressed air from the power unit enters the pressure regulator 3 (Figs. 1, 4) and then into the pneumatic cylinder of the pilot's firing mechanism 5.

The operation of the pneumatic cylinder of the pilot's firing mechanism occurs with a delay relative to the pneumatic cylinder of the introduction of the parachute due to the large difference in volumes.

Setting the position of the pressure regulator (figure 4) depending on the mass of the pilot is as follows.

After pressing the handle 12, rigidly connected with the spring-loaded rod 13 and the latch 14 (compressing the spring 15), the latch moves along one of the axial grooves 16 to the radial groove 17 of the housing 18.

By turning the handle clockwise or counterclockwise, the latch is manually set opposite the axial groove with an inscription corresponding to the weight of the pilot.

After removing the force from the handle, the retainer with a rod, on the guide surface of which labyrinth seals are located, moves in the opposite direction under the action of the spring, providing the necessary position of the stepped part of the rod and its fixation with respect to the passage area at the outlet of the pressure regulator, i.e., throttling the flow of compressed air and thereby changing his energy.

In this way:

1. The presence of an air charge and its value in the proposed pneumatic actuator of the ejection system is checked by a manometer before each flight, increasing the safety of the ejection system.

2. Transportation of the ejection system with a pneumatic drive can be carried out without hindrance, without special permits, by any means of transport, at any distance with an uncharged power supply unit.

Charging with compressed air of the power unit is carried out at charging stations available at all airports.

3. By changing the flow area at the outlet of the pressure regulator, that is, by throttling the flow of compressed air and changing its energy, it is possible to create optimal ejection parameters for pilots of different masses with a high degree of accuracy, providing them with maximum safety during ejection.

Claims (5)

1. A method of emergency rescue of a crew member by ejection method, including the ejection of the rescue parachute, and then the crew member, characterized in that the ejection of the rescue parachute and then the crew member is carried out by compressed gas, for example, air coming from the cylinder. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for ejection with the optimal parameters of speed, acceleration, height of the toss of different members of the crew before the flight manually adjust the pressure regulator by adjusting the energy of the compressed air flow. 3. An emergency rescue system for a crew member by ejection from an aircraft, comprising a parachute launch mechanism and a pilot firing mechanism, characterized in that the system comprises a pneumatic actuator including a cylinder with a manual shut-off and starting device, charged with air and equipped with a manometer, while the locking and starting the device is connected in parallel with the shut-off valve and with the pressure regulator. 4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that the shut-off valve contains a pneumatically unloaded piston with labyrinth seals, fixed by a shear element, one piston surface is made in the form of a cone with knives interacting at the end of the movement with the conical surface of the fixed shock absorber, forming an integral part . 5. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure regulator comprises a spring-loaded rod, on the guide surface of which labyrinth seals are located, on one side the rod is made stepwise; a clamp is fixed on the rod, which is moved in the corresponding longitudinal and radial grooves of the housing, providing the necessary position and fixation of the stepped part of the rod relative to the area of the bore at the outlet of the pressure regulator.

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