RU2435735C1 - Device for liquid purification (versions), liquid-purifying installation (versions) and device application in liquid-purifying installations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes. ^ SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to purification of liquid, namely, drinking water, in particular to ensuring microbiological safety of water-purifying installations, which contain membrane filtering elements and devices for liquid purification of membrane type. Device for liquid purification includes membrane in case, separating space before membrane with unpurified liquid from post-membrane space with purified liquid. Device is provided with, at least, one means of disinfecting agent dosing, as such used is electrochemical means of controlled in time dosing of disinfecting agent ions into post-membrane space with purified or and space before membrane with unpurified liquid in non-flowing (stationary) mode. In device case additionally placed is coal filtering element. Liquid-purifying installation includes unit of membrane purification, means of electrochemical dosing of disinfecting agent, control unit, means of sending a signal to control unit, power source. As unit of membrane purification used is device for liquid purification in accordance with invention. Unit of membrane purification is connected with means for sending a signal to control unit. Means of electrochemical dosing of disinfecting agent is connected with control unit, made with possibility of sequencing and setting time modes of operation of electromechanical means of dosing disinfecting agent ions in non-flowing (stationary) mode, control unit is connected with power source, control unit and means for sending a signal to control unit being connected to each other. ^ EFFECT: invention makes it possible to prolong term of operation life of filtering element membrane or membrane in liquid-purifying installations, concentration of disinfecting agent at the output from membrane installation does not exceed norm parameters. ^ 40 cl, 9 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The claimed group of inventions relates to the purification of liquids, namely drinking water, in particular, to ensure the microbiological safety of water treatment plants containing membrane filter elements and devices for cleaning membrane-type liquids by maintaining bacteriostatic conditions in the volume of water treatment plants.

BACKGROUND

Currently, membrane water treatment methods are becoming the most popular in the field of household water treatment. Membrane methods are the so-called barrier separation methods, i.e. separation of the components of multicomponent mixtures (solutions) upon contact with the membrane occurs as a result of differences in membrane permeability with respect to the components of the mixtures (solutions). Depending on the mechanism by which different permeability of membranes is provided with respect to various components of a multicomponent mixture (soluble, insoluble, low molecular weight, high molecular weight, located in ionic, molecular, etc. forms, bacterial cells and spores, viruses), microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis methods of membrane cleaning.

When filtering water contaminated with bacterial cells, membranes of any type are capable of cutting off bacterial cells to one degree or another and preventing them from entering the purified water. Depending on the features of the organization of the fluid flow in the membrane module, the bacterial cells are retained by the membrane either in the pre-membrane space, or are partially carried out by the filtered fluid flow outside the membrane module. The cells that have settled and fixed on the membrane form the so-called biofilm — a film, which is an aggregate complex consisting of bacterial cells connected to each other and to the membrane surface due to adhesive forces.

There are three mechanisms for the penetration of bacterial cells into the post-membrane space and ultimately into purified water:

1) incomplete cut-off of the bacterial suspension by the membrane, leading to the penetration of part of the bacterial cells through the pores or channels into the thickness of the membrane (natural pores of large diameter or, for example, tears and other damage to the integrity of the membrane).

2) the migration of bacterial cells from the free volume of the line of purified water located behind the membrane.

3) the germination of a bacterial colony, fixed on the surface of the membrane, through the pores of the membrane from the area bordering the untreated water, accompanied by the physical penetration of bacterial cells into the area of purified water.

With the centralized preparation of drinking tap water at water treatment plants, disinfection is achieved through the use of various bactericidal agents - active chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, ozone. The use of traditional activated carbon adsorbents in household water filters leads to the absorption of active chlorine and other agents with bactericidal activity, even at the preliminary purification stage. Thus, membrane modules, which are traditionally used at the final stages of purification, require bacteriostatic conditions for their functioning, since the membrane may be at risk of uncontrolled bacterial overgrowth and penetration of bacterial cells into the fluid-filled post-membrane space, which in this case becomes a source of secondary bacterial contamination.

The traditional mode of operation of household water purification systems is a periodic mode, when the phases of the installation for liquid purification alternate with phases of interruption in filtration (downtime), and the duration of the active phase of the installation is significantly less than the duration of the idle phase. In the case of prolonged interruptions in fluid filtration, favorable conditions arise for the growth and reproduction of bacteria due to the absence of a background of antibacterial agents. In this case, the membrane and the post-membrane space are exposed to special danger of bacterial contamination. Due to the design features of water purifiers incorporating membrane modules, the post-membrane space on the side of treated water always has a certain small free volume in which undesirable and uncontrolled propagation of bacteria is possible when they enter this volume. Under especially unfavorable conditions, even the formation of a biofilm on the membrane surface and all bounding surfaces is possible.

The prior art device according to RF patent No. 2190573 (publ. 10.10.2002, C02F 1/467) for the treatment of aqueous solutions with metal ions and the preparation of bactericidal solutions, consisting of two electrodes made of metals with different electrochemical potentials, in which the formation of bactericidal active metal ions occurs due to the formation of a galvanic pair and the predominant electrochemical dissolution of a more active metal without a power source. The disadvantage of this device is the fundamental impossibility of regulating the concentration of metal ions in solution, which can vary widely depending on the redox potential of water, processing time, etc.

In accordance with the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2217386 (publ. November 27, 2003, C02F 1/467) there is a known method of disinfecting water and a device for its implementation, in which electrolytic dosing of silver is carried out by a signal from a conductivity sensor. The disadvantage of this invention is the impossibility of accurate dosing of bactericidal ions due to the non-stationary process of electrolytic enrichment with silver, the parameters of which are determined, for example, by the filtration rate, which the above method and device do not take into account in their work. In addition, the compact electrometric circuit described in the invention sanitary standards for the concentration of silver ions is not able to provide an accurate estimate of the concentration of ions released as a result of electrolysis.

In accordance with the application KR 20040083574 (publ. 06.10.2004, B01D 65/02, 65/00) a hollow fiber membrane filter is proposed that provides protection against biological fouling of the membrane using a bag with a solid antibacterial component. The disadvantage of this invention is the inability to control the concentration of the bactericidal component and the instability of its allocation over time.

In accordance with the application KR 20040074362 (published on 08.25.2004, B01D 69/00) a hollow fiber membrane filter is proposed, the bactericidal effect of which is achieved by introducing solid bactericidal materials inside the hollow fibers. An obvious disadvantage of this invention is a sharp decrease in the permeability of hollow fibers due to a significant reduction in cross-section and blocking of pores by particles of antibacterial materials. In addition, a time-stable release of bactericidal materials into water is not provided.

JP 8206467 (publ. 08/13/1996, B01D 63/02, C02F 1/44, 1/50) describes the use of a silver-containing zeolite incorporated in a layer of a fibrous structure located at the outlet of a membrane module. The disadvantages of this invention include the uneven release of silver from the zeolite phase with time and an increase in flow resistance due to the use of the fibrous layer.

The closest analogue of the device for cleaning liquid is patent JP 2007237164 (publ. 09/20/2007, B01J 20/20, C02F 1/28, 1/44, 1/50), which describes the module (device) for the installation for liquid purification, in wherein the concentration of the antibacterial agent can be maintained at a predetermined level during the life of the module, namely the period of use of the filtration medium, by which the reproduction of bacteria is limited. The technical solution is carried out by equipping the module with an adsorption part, a hollow fiber membrane module and an antibacterial part, which is located at the outlet of the hollow fiber membrane module, and where the antibacterial material containing metal ions is placed. The disadvantage of the analogue is the inability to control in any way the concentration of metal ions depending on the properties of water, its salt composition, temperature, which can lead to both insufficient bactericidal action of metal ions in some conditions, and to the release of physiologically dangerous concentrations in other conditions. In addition, uncontrolled release of metal ions from the antibacterial material will also occur in the water flow, which leads to irrational use of the material and a significant reduction in the resource of the device (prototype).

The closest analogue of the installation for liquid purification is patent JP 2007167785 (published on July 5, 2007, B01D 29/11, C02F 1/28, 1/44, 1/46, 1/50), which describes the installation for liquid purification consisting of a pre-treatment unit, a membrane cleaning unit, an electrochemical dosing unit for silver, a storage tank for purified liquid, a control unit, a flow sensor and a power source. Extension of the service life of nanofiltration or reverse osmosis membranes and prevention of bacterial contamination of the storage tank with a pre-treatment unit based on activated carbon impregnated with silver is ensured by the installation of a silver electrochemical dosing unit in the pipeline between the membrane module and the storage tank, controlled in accordance with the data received from the flow sensor. The disadvantage of the analogue is the ability to use the device only in flow mode, that is, only when water is filtered, which does not allow the surface of the membrane to be treated with bactericidal ions to prevent the formation of biofilms and leads to ineffective and uneconomical consumption of silver, since all filtered water is saturated with ions silver. In addition, the achievement of bactericidal-active concentrations of silver ions requires a high consumption of electrode material (prototype).

An analysis of the current level of technology shows that the known technical solutions do not provide a convenient and efficient (economical) operation of drinking water purification devices that prevent bacteria from multiplying in the volume of space after the filtration membrane.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The general objective of the group of inventions and the required technical result achieved by using the group of inventions is to develop a new device for cleaning liquid, installation for cleaning liquid, in particular drinking water, and to extend the life of the device used and the installation of membrane filter elements or membranes.

The task and the required technical result when using the group of inventions is achieved by the fact that the device for cleaning liquid (option 1), comprising a membrane in the housing, separating the space to the membrane with the crude liquid from the post-membrane space with the purified liquid, and equipped with at least one metering device the disinfecting agent according to the invention as a means of dispensing use an electrochemical means of time-controlled dispensing of disinfectant ions agent into the post-membrane space with purified and / or space to the membrane with the crude liquid in a non-flowing (static) mode, and the electrodes of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent are partially placed in the post-membrane space with the purified and / or space to the membrane with the crude liquid , where the maximum part of the electrodes is placed in the post-membrane space with purified and / or space up to the membrane with the crude liquid, and the fact that childbirth is placed in the volume of the post-membrane space, namely, in the device body or in the flange of the device body, and by the fact that at least one electrode is placed in the space in front of the membrane and at least one in the volume directly adjacent to the membrane of the post-membrane space, at least one electrode is placed in the space in front of the membrane, namely in the device body, and at least one in the volume directly adjacent to the membrane of the post-membrane space, namely in the device body or in the flange e the case of the device, and the fact that the electrodes are made of silver, copper, zinc and other metals with bactericidal properties, or their alloys, and the fact that the device is additionally equipped with a heating element, and a carbon filter element is additionally placed in its case, the membrane additionally enclosed in a separate membrane housing, and the fact that the electrodes are placed in the membrane housing, while the maximum part of the electrodes is placed in the post-membrane space with purified liquid or and the space to the membrane s from the crude liquid.

The task and the required technical result when using the group of inventions are also achieved by the fact that the liquid purification device (option 2), comprising a membrane in the housing, separating the space to the membrane with the crude liquid from the post-membrane space with the purified liquid, and equipped with at least one means dosing of a disinfecting agent according to the invention as a means of dispensing use an electrochemical means of a time-controlled dosing of disinfection ions the living agent into the post-membrane space with the purified and / or space to the membrane with the crude liquid in a non-flowing (static) mode, and the electrodes of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent are partially placed in the post-membrane space with the purified and / or space to the membrane with the crude liquid , while in the housing of the device an additional carbon filter element is additionally placed, and the fact that the membrane is additionally enclosed in a separate membrane to casing, and the fact that the maximum part of the electrodes is placed in the post-membrane space with cleaned and / or space up to the membrane with the crude liquid, and the fact that the electrodes are placed in the volume of the post-membrane space, namely in the device body or in the flange of the device casing, and that at least one electrode is placed in the space in front of the membrane, and at least one electrode is in the volume immediately adjacent to the membrane of the post-membrane space, while at least one electrode is placed in the space in front of the membrane, namely in the device case or in the membrane case, and at least one in the volume directly adjacent to the membrane of the post-membrane space, namely, in the flange of the device case, and the fact that the electrodes are placed in the membrane case, while the maximum part of the electrodes is placed in the post-membrane space with purified liquid or space to a membrane with raw liquid, and the fact that the electrodes are made of silver, copper, zinc and other metals having bactericidal properties, or their alloys, and that TVO is further provided with a heating element.

The task and the required technical result when using the group of inventions are also achieved by the fact that the installation for liquid purification (option 1), including a membrane cleaning unit, an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent, a control unit, a signal supply to the control unit and the source power supply, according to the invention as a membrane cleaning unit using a device for cleaning liquid, made according to option 1, the output of which is connected to the input with means for supplying a signal to the control unit, while the output of the electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent is connected to the input of the control unit configured to set the sequence and time modes of operation of the electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent in a non-flowing (stationary) mode, the output of the control unit is connected to the input of the power source, and the control unit and means for supplying a signal to the control unit soy are interconnected, and the fact that the means for supplying a signal to the control unit is used as means for supplying a signal to the control unit about the absence of fluid flow in the installation, while the control unit is configured to set temporary operating modes of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent depending on the electrical conductivity of the liquid, and with the additional ability to periodically change the polarity of the electric current (voltage) supplied to the electrochemical some ions dosing means controlled time disinfecting agent, and in that the electrochemical ion dosing means controlled time disinfecting agent is added in the flow regime (liquid filtering mode), the apparatus further provided with a sensor fluid flow.

The task and the required technical result when using the group of inventions are also achieved by the fact that the installation for liquid purification (option 2), including a membrane cleaning unit, an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent, a control unit, a means for supplying a signal to the control unit and a source power supply, according to the invention as a membrane cleaning unit using a device for cleaning liquid, made according to option 2, the output of which is connected to the input with means for supplying a signal to the control unit, while the output of the electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent is connected to the input of the control unit configured to set the sequence and time modes of operation of the electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent in a non-flowing (stationary) mode, the output of the control unit is connected to the input of the power source, and the control unit and means for supplying a signal to the control unit soy are interconnected, and the fact that the means for supplying a signal to the control unit is used as means for supplying a signal to the control unit about the absence of fluid flow in the installation, while the control unit is configured to set temporary operating modes of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent depending on the electrical conductivity of the liquid, and with the additional ability to periodically change the polarity of the electric current supplied to the electrochemical means Time controlled dosing ions antiseptic agent, and in that the electrochemical ion dosing means controlled time disinfecting agent is added in the flow regime (liquid filtering mode), the apparatus further provided with a sensor fluid flow.

In the device for liquid purification, made according to the first and second variants, it is possible to use microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes as a membrane filter element, which makes it possible to use the device for liquid purification in the corresponding membrane installations, as well as in membrane liquid purification systems.

A distinctive feature of the claimed group of inventions is to prevent the growth and multiplication of bacteria on the membrane surface, due to the fact that the new device for cleaning liquid is equipped with an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent, made with the possibility of creating high effective concentrations of metal ions with bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity, in a limited small volume, directly adjacent to the membrane on the side not purified and / or crude liquid, controlled by electrochemical dissolution of the electrode made from the corresponding metals or alloys thereof. Since the liquid purification device, in comparison with the closest analogue, is designed in such a way that stable and controlled electrochemical dissolution of metal ions is metered into a limited area of space at the time of prolonged cessation of filtration, extremely small amounts of electrode metal ions are sufficient to suppress the development and the formation on the surface of the used membranes of bacteria and biological films, which makes it possible to rationally use the electrodes themselves and the economical use of the material from which they are made, which, in turn, allows you to extend the life of the membrane filter element and significantly increase the life of the device itself. Also a distinctive feature of the claimed group of inventions is the possibility of treating the surface of the membrane itself with bactericidal ions to prevent its bactericidal fouling, due to the fact that the new installation, unlike the prototype, is configured to use a device for cleaning liquids, in particular, time-controlled electrochemicals dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent, in the absence of fluid flow in the installation, when water is not filtered That, in turn, also allows to extend the life of the device used in the installation and the membrane or membrane filter elements and charcoal element, e.g. karbonbloka.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The essence of the group of inventions is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a General view of a device for cleaning liquid (electrodes of an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent are located in the flange of the device).

Figure 2 shows a device for cleaning liquid, including, along with the membrane, a carbon filter element (electrodes of the electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent are located in the flange of the device casing).

Figure 3 shows the upper part of the device for cleaning liquid, where one of the electrodes of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent is located in the membrane body, and the second in the flange of the device body.

Figure 4 shows the upper part of the liquid purification device with a heating element integrated in the flange of the device casing (electrodes of the electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent are located in the flange of the device casing).

Figure 5 shows the General design of the electrochemical cell.

Figure 6 shows the General scheme of the installation for cleaning liquid.

Figure 7 shows the installation diagram with an additional heating element in the device for cleaning liquid.

On Fig shows a diagram of the installation with a fluid flow sensor.

Figure 9 shows the installation diagram with the pre-cleaning unit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

According to the first embodiment, the liquid purification device consists of a housing 1, a membrane filter element 2, an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent 3, consisting of at least two electrodes 4 of metals, for example in the form of an electrochemical cell, and a flange 5 of the device’s body ( Figure 1). The membrane 2 is located directly in the housing 1 of the device.

According to the second variant, the liquid purification device consists of a housing 1, a membrane filter element 2, an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent 3, consisting of at least two electrodes 4 of metals, for example, in the form of an electrochemical cell, a flange 5 of the device’s body, carbon filter element 6 and the housing 7 of the membrane (Figure 2). The membrane 2 is additionally enclosed in a separate membrane housing 7. The carbon filter element 6 can be made, for example, in the form of a carbon block.

According to the first and second options, the membrane filter element 2 is a flat, tubular or hollow fiber microfiltration, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membrane. The device according to the first and second options is equipped with an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent 3, consisting of at least two electrodes 4 of metals, which form electrolysis cations with a bactericidal effect, for example, in the form of an electrochemical cell. The design diagram of the electrochemical cell 3 is shown in Fig.5. The electrochemical cell 3 consists of electrodes 4 embedded in a non-conductive housing 8, current leads 9 and a protective sheath 10.

As the housing 8 can be used, for example, a sleeve made of polystyrene. In the general case, the electrodes may not have a sleeve into which they are inserted, but be mounted, for example, when casting plastic into the flange of the device’s case, which will also be a non-conductive case for the electrodes. The electrodes 4 can be made in the form of a wire d = 1 mm from various metals (or their alloys), whose ions have a bactericidal effect, for example silver, copper, zinc and others, in particular, an additional synergistic effect can be achieved if the ions These metals have a different mechanism of action on bacterial cells (for example, silver and copper). The current leads 9 can be made of a suitable metal, for example, copper wire d = 0.5 mm. The protective shell 10, which seals the structure and the junction of the electrodes 4 and current leads 9, is a polymeric material made, for example, of an epoxy compound of cold curing. In the General case, the protective shell 10 can be made in the form of a tube, insulating gluing or tape.

The electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent 3 is structurally designed in such a way that the minimum part of the electrodes has a protective shell 10 and is not in contact with the liquid. In the minimum part of the electrodes 4, isolated from contact with the liquid, there is a junction or welding place of the electrodes 4 with the current lead 9. The junction or welding of the electrodes 4 with the current lead 9 is sealed with a protective sheath 10. Accordingly, the maximum part of the electrodes is placed in the post-membrane space with cleaned or / and space to the membrane with the crude liquid. At the same time, the maximum part of the electrodes 4 is capable of direct contact with the liquid, which makes it possible to efficiently use the area of the working surface of the electrodes and to economically consume the material of the electrodes, thereby contributing to the extension of the operating life of the membrane or membrane and carbon filter elements used in the device.

The electrodes 4 of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent 3, depending on the design features and geometry of the liquid purification device, can be placed both in the space after the membrane and in the spaces before and after the membrane, in the immediate vicinity of it. The space to the membrane is the space located on the outside of the membrane wall. Post-membrane space is the space located on the inner side of the membrane wall. Thus, the liquid in contact with the outer surface of the membrane wall, i.e. not filtered, is in the space to the membrane, and the liquid in contact with the inner surface of the membrane wall, i.e. filtered, located in the post-membrane space.

When placing the electrodes 4 of the electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent 3 in the space after the membrane 2 according to the first and second options, they can be located in the flange 5 of the housing 1 of the device (Figs. 1, 2) or housing 1 of the device (not shown in the drawings ), as well as in the housing 7 of the membrane 2 (not shown in the drawings). In this case, the transport of metal ions to the surface of the membrane 2, leading to a bacteriostatic effect will be carried out only due to the diffusion mechanism.

By placing at least one electrode 4 of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent 3 in the space in front of the membrane 2 and at least one in the volume immediately adjacent to the membrane 2 of the post-membrane space, it becomes possible to carry out, in addition to diffusion, also the forced transport of metal ions through the phase of the membrane 2 due to their migration in the electric field. This allows you to increase the efficiency of the process of bactericidal treatment of the membrane 2, to prevent the formation of a biological film on its surface and, thereby, increase the life of the membrane 2.

In both cases, one electrode 4 can be placed in the space in front of the membrane 2, namely, in the device body 1, and the other in the volume directly adjacent to the membrane 2 of the post-membrane space, namely in the flange 5 of the device body 1 (not shown in the drawings )

According to the first embodiment, one electrode 4 can be placed in the space in front of the membrane 2, namely in the housing 1 of the device, and the other in the volume directly adjacent to the membrane 2 of the post-membrane space, namely in the housing 1 of the device (not shown in the drawings).

According to the second option, one electrode 4 can be placed in the space in front of the membrane 2, namely, in the housing 7 of the membrane 2, and the other in the volume directly adjacent to the membrane 2 of the post-membrane space, namely in the flange 5 of the housing 1 of the device (Figure 3 )

The liquid purification device according to any one of the options may further comprise a heating element 11, which, for example, can be integrated into the flange 5 of the device body 1 (Figure 4), the body 7 or the device body 1 (not shown in the drawings). The temperature increase produced by the heating element 11 leads to an increase in the permeability of bacterial cell membranes and to an increase in the mobility of cations due to diffusion. In addition, a significant increase in temperature in itself causes protein denaturation and bacterial death. At the same time, heating a small volume of water does not lead to any noticeable increase in temperature in the entire volume of the filtering device, i.e. does not affect the filtering properties of the device as a whole. Water heating in the volume of the post-membrane space can be carried out, for example, by placing a resistance heater (TEN) in the post-membrane space, intended for connection to the control unit.

The principle of operation of a device for cleaning a liquid containing an electrochemical means of a time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent is to carry out a controlled electrochemical reaction of dissolution of the anode made of the corresponding metal. This is possible due to the fact that the number of ions passing into the solution during the electrochemical dissolution of the metal anode is unambiguously connected, in accordance with the First Faraday Law, with the current strength and electrolysis time, and by maintaining, for example, using the control unit, a certain force current for a certain period of time, it is possible to obtain in a given small volume of space with a liquid the target bactericidal-active concentrations of metal ions.

- Первый закон Фарадея,

- The first law of Faraday,

where m _metal is the mass of metal transferred to the solution in the form of ions,

k is the electrochemical equivalent of the metal [g / C]

,

,

I is the current strength [A],

t is the electrolysis time [s],

M is the molar mass of the metal [g / mol],

n is the number of electrons involved in the electrochemical reaction,

F - Faraday constant (96490 Cl / mol).

For each specific configuration of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent, the determination of the required duration of electrolysis at a fixed current strength can be carried out by experimental selection of parameters.

In this case, the electrolysis process can be carried out in a static mode in the absence of a filtration process, or in a dynamic mode, into a water stream. Since in the absence of filtration, the dosing of metal ions is carried out in a space region limited by an insignificant volume, it is possible to create high concentrations of bactericidal active metal ions due to the electrochemical dissolution of extremely insignificant amounts of metal, which ensures, firstly, increased process efficiency, and secondly, the high effective concentration created under static conditions when renewed filtration is subjected to almost instantaneous multiple dilution, and the concentration of metal ions at the point of selection of purified water will not exceed standard indicators.

The liquid purification installation consists of the following elements: a membrane purification unit 12, an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent 3 (for example, an electrochemical cell), a control unit 13, a signal supply means 14 to the control unit 13 and a power source 15 (FIG. 6).

According to the first embodiment of the liquid purification plant, the device made according to the first embodiment is used as the membrane cleaning unit 12 according to the invention.

According to the second embodiment of the liquid purification apparatus, the device made according to the second embodiment is used as the membrane cleaning unit 12 according to the invention.

The membrane cleaning unit 12 is equipped with an electrochemical means of time-controlled dispensing of ions of the disinfecting agent 3, for example, in the form of an electrochemical cell consisting of at least two metal electrodes and configured to create high effective concentrations of metal ions with bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity, in a limited a small volume directly adjacent to the membrane. The electrodes of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent 3, depending on the design and geometry of the membrane cleaning unit 12, can be placed both in the space after the membrane and in the spaces before and after the membrane, in the immediate vicinity of it, for example, the flange of the housing of the device, as shown in figure 1, or one electrode in the flange and the other in the housing of the membrane, as shown in figure 3. In this case, several electrodes can be installed simultaneously. Also, the electrodes can be additionally integrated into the elements that are part of the installation, for example, into a JG quick coupling (not shown in the drawings) or a collector (not shown in the drawings), which can be located both from the side of the crude liquid in the space to the membrane, and from sides of the purified liquid in the post-membrane space, which will also help to extend the life of the membrane filter elements or membranes used in the device and the installation.

The output of the membrane cleaning unit 12 is connected to the signal supply means 14 to the control unit 13 about the absence of fluid flow in the installation. As a means of supplying the signal 14 to the control unit 13, for example, a sensor or a measuring transducer is used. The signal supply means 14 to the control unit 13 and the control unit 13 are interconnected. The input of the control unit 13 is connected to the electrodes of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent 3, and the control output is with the power source 15. The control unit 13 is configured to set the time modes of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent 3 depending on the electrical conductivity liquid in the membrane cleaning unit 12, and in this case, an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ion a disinfecting agent 3 may be used as an electrometric sensor electrical conductivity of water (service function).

The control unit 13 is also made with the additional ability to periodically change the polarity of the signals supplied to the electrodes of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent 3 from the power source 15 for uniform dissolution of the electrodes, which allows to achieve an economical consumption of electrode material.

In the particular case of the installation, it contains a membrane cleaning unit 12 with an additional heating element 11, which is connected to the power source 15 through the control unit 13 (Fig.7).

In the particular case, in the installation for liquid purification, the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent 3 is additionally used in the flow mode (liquid filtration mode), while the installation is additionally equipped with a liquid flow sensor 16 installed on the clean water line. The fluid flow sensor 16 is connected to a power source 15 through a control unit 13 (Fig. 8).

In the particular case of the installation, it additionally contains a pre-treatment unit 17 installed on the raw water line in front of the membrane cleaning unit 12 so that the output of the pre-cleaning unit 17 is connected to the input of the membrane cleaning unit 12 (Fig. 9). The pre-treatment unit 17 is one or more series-installed units, which provide, before the liquid enters the membrane unit 12, to purify water from mechanical impurities, colloidal particles, dissolved organic and inorganic substances.

The operation of the liquid purification plant includes the following main stages: membrane cleaning of colloidal particles, bacteria, cysts, etc., and disinfection of the membrane surface by controlled dosing of bactericidal metal ions in the space directly adjacent to the membrane in a non-flowing (stationary) mode. In addition, the high effective concentration of metal ions created under static conditions when renewed liquid filtration undergoes almost instantaneous multiple dilution. As a result, the concentration of the disinfecting agent at the outlet of the installation does not exceed standard parameters.

Controlled dosing, for example, is carried out using a programmable microcontroller located in the control unit 13, and the dissolution of the electrodes is controlled using feedback algorithms using conductometric, turbodimetric, photometric and other sensors or means that convert the amount of water flow into a signal for transmission to the unit control 13, which provides the necessary mode of functioning of the electrochemical cell 3.

Since the number of metal ions passing into the solution is directly related in accordance with the Faraday law to the amount of electricity passed through the electrode system, it is possible to control the electrochemical process of dissolution of the anode metal by means of a control unit 13, which can stabilize the current at different water conductivities.

The action of bactericidal active metal ions released as a result of the electrochemical reaction into the space immediately adjacent to the membrane can also be further enhanced by increasing the water temperature in a limited volume of the liquid space in the idle mode (no filtration) to 50-80 ° C due to heating by electric current through an additional (not associated with an electrochemical cell) resistance circuit - heating element 11 (Fig.7). An increase in temperature leads to an increase in the permeability of bacterial cell membranes and to an increase in the mobility of cations due to diffusion, i.e. to increase the effectiveness of the bactericidal action of cations. In addition, a significant increase in temperature in itself causes protein denaturation and bacterial death. At the same time, heating a small volume of water does not lead to any noticeable increase in temperature in the entire volume of the membrane cleaning unit 12, i.e. does not affect the filtering properties of the installation as a whole.

When the electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent in a dynamic mode, i.e. in the process of filtering the liquid, the installation further comprises a liquid flow sensor 16 (Fig. 8) mounted on the purified water line and connected to the control unit 13. The liquid flow sensor 16 is configured to control the electrolysis current in the membrane unit 12 depending on the volumetric volume water consumption. This is possible due to the fact that the concentration of metal ions during electrochemical controlled dosing into the stream is directly related to the parameters of the electrochemical reaction by the following relation:

,

,

where m is the mass of the metal transferred into the solution in the form of ions,

k is the electrochemical equivalent of the metal [g / C]

,

,

I is the current strength [A], t is the electrolysis time [s],

F is the magnitude of the fluid flow [l / s].

The electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent 3 operates in the mode of regulating the dissolution current of the anode material. The tool 3 can function, for example, under the control of a programmable microcontroller (located in the control unit 13), which, guided by information from the water flow sensor 16, will send a signal to it. In this case, the electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent 3 will work as an ionizer, additionally enriching the water with metal ions having bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties.

The use of a liquid purification device, in particular in liquid purification installations, allows extending the life of membrane filter elements or membranes due to the presence of an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent located directly in the device where the electrodes of an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agents are configured to create high effective concentrations of metal ions s having germicidal and bacteriostatic activity, in a small volume of limited space immediately adjacent to the membrane, controlled by electrochemical dissolution of the electrode made from the corresponding metals or alloys thereof. In addition, the high effective concentration of metal ions created under static conditions when renewed liquid filtration undergoes almost instantaneous multiple dilution. As a result, the concentration of the disinfecting agent at the outlet of the membrane unit does not exceed the standard indicators.

A device for cleaning liquid can be used, for example, in microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis plants and drinking water purification systems in combination with or without preliminary and fine purification units.

The liquid purification installation can be performed in various versions, including including additional blocks both before and after the membrane cleaning unit, for example, filtration units for mechanical particles and suspensions, sorption cleaning, ion-exchange, mineralizing, with the possibility of dosing reagents and coagulants , including electrochemical and / or controlled, electrocoagulation, electrodialysis, electrolysis, liquid heating and cooling units, flotation units, aeration units, ultraviolet bacterium blocks recycle treatment and others. Depending on the installation modification, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane elements with a storage tank for purified water or without a storage tank, in combination with or without additional units, can be used as a membrane filter element.

This group of inventions is not limited to the described embodiments, but rather it covers various modifications and variations within the spirit and scope of the proposed claims of the group of inventions.

Claims (40)

1. A device for cleaning liquid, which is a membrane in the housing, separating the space to the membrane with the crude liquid from the post-membrane space with the purified liquid and equipped with at least one means for dispensing a disinfecting agent, characterized in that an electrochemical means is used as the dispensing means time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent into the post-membrane space with the purified and / or space up to the membrane with the crude liquid non-flowing mode, wherein the electrodes of the electrochemical ion dosing means controlled time disinfecting agent postmembrane partially housed in a space with purified and / or to space the membrane from a crude liquid. 2. The device for cleaning liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the maximum part of the electrodes is placed in the post-membrane space with a cleaned and / or space up to the membrane with a crude liquid. 3. The device for cleaning liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes are placed in the volume of the post-membrane space, namely, in the flange of the device casing. 4. The device for cleaning liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes are placed in the volume of the post-membrane space, namely, in the body of the device. 5. The device for cleaning liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one electrode is placed in the space in front of the membrane, and at least one in the volume directly adjacent to the membrane of the post-membrane space. 6. The liquid purification device according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one electrode is placed in the space in front of the membrane, namely, in the device body, and at least one in the volume directly adjacent to the membrane of the post-membrane space, namely in the device case. 7. The liquid purification device according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one electrode is placed in the space in front of the membrane, namely, in the device body, and at least one in the volume directly adjacent to the membrane of the post-membrane space, namely in the flange of the device. 8. The device for cleaning liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes are made of silver, copper, zinc and other metals having bactericidal properties, or / their alloys. 9. The device for cleaning liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a heating element. 10. A device for cleaning liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the carbon filter element is additionally placed in the device body. 11. The device for cleaning liquid according to claim 10, characterized in that the membrane is further enclosed in a separate membrane housing. 12. The device for cleaning liquid according to claim 11, characterized in that the electrodes are placed in the membrane body, while the maximum part of the electrodes is placed in the post-membrane space with purified and / or space up to the membrane with the crude liquid. 13. A device for cleaning liquid, which is a membrane in the housing, separating the space to the membrane with the crude liquid from the post-membrane space with the purified liquid and equipped with at least one means for dispensing a disinfecting agent, characterized in that the electrochemical means is used as the dosage means time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent into the post-membrane space with the purified and / or space up to the membrane with the crude liquid in a non-flowing mode, moreover, the electrodes of the electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent are partially placed in the post-membrane space with a purified and / or space up to the membrane with a crude liquid, while a carbon filter element is additionally placed in the device case. 14. The device for cleaning liquid according to item 13, wherein the membrane is further enclosed in a separate membrane housing. 15. The device for cleaning liquid according to item 13, wherein the maximum portion of the electrodes is placed in the post-membrane space with cleaned and / or space up to the membrane with the crude liquid. 16. The device for cleaning liquid according to item 13, wherein the electrodes are placed in the volume of the post-membrane space, namely, in the flange of the device. 17. The device for cleaning liquid according to item 13, wherein the electrodes are placed in the volume of the post-membrane space, namely, in the housing of the device. 18. The device for cleaning liquid according to item 13, characterized in that at least one electrode is placed in the space in front of the membrane, and at least one in the volume directly adjacent to the membrane of the post-membrane space. 19. The device for cleaning liquid according to p. 18, characterized in that at least one electrode is placed in the space in front of the membrane, namely, in the body of the device, and at least one in the volume directly adjacent to the membrane of the post-membrane space, namely in the flange of the device. 20. The device for cleaning liquid according p, characterized in that at least one electrode is placed in the space in front of the membrane, namely, in the membrane body, and at least one in the volume directly adjacent to the membrane of the post-membrane space, namely in the flange of the device. 21. The device for cleaning liquid according to item 13, wherein the electrodes are placed in the membrane housing, while the maximum part of the electrodes is placed in the post-membrane space with cleaned and / or space up to the membrane with raw liquid. 22. The device for cleaning liquid according to item 13, wherein the electrodes are made of silver, copper, zinc and other metals having bactericidal properties, or / their alloys. 23. The device for cleaning liquid according to item 13, characterized in that it further comprises a heating element. 24. Installation for cleaning liquid, including a membrane cleaning unit, an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent, a control unit, means for supplying a signal to the control unit and a power source, characterized in that the device according to claim 1 is used as a membrane cleaning unit the output of which is connected to the input of the signal supply means to the control unit, while the output of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent is connected to stroke control unit configured to sequencing and timing means modes of electrochemical disinfecting agent in a controlled non-flowing mode, the output control unit in the ion dosing time connected to the input power source, and control means for supplying a signal to the controller unit are interconnected. 25. Installation for cleaning liquid according to paragraph 24, wherein the means for supplying a signal to the control unit is used as means for supplying a signal to the control unit about the absence of fluid flow in the installation. 26. Installation for cleaning liquid according to paragraph 24, wherein the control unit is configured to set temporary modes of operation of an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent depending on the electrical conductivity of the liquid. 27. Installation for cleaning liquid according to paragraph 24, wherein the control unit is configured to periodically change the polarity of the electric current supplied to the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent. 28. Installation for cleaning liquid according to paragraph 24, wherein the electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent is additionally used in flow mode. 29. Installation for cleaning liquid according to p. 28, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a liquid flow sensor. 30. Installation for cleaning liquid, including a membrane cleaning unit, an electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent, a control unit, means for supplying a signal to the control unit and a power source, characterized in that the device according to claim 13 is used as the membrane cleaning unit the output of which is connected to the input of the signal supply means to the control unit, while the output of the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent is connected to the input of the control unit, configured to set the sequence and time modes of operation of the electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of disinfecting agent ions in a non-continuous mode, the output of the control unit is connected to the input of the power source, and the control unit and the signal supply to the control unit are interconnected. 31. Installation for cleaning liquid according to item 30, wherein the means for supplying a signal to the control unit is used as means for supplying a signal to the control unit about the absence of fluid flow in the installation. 32. Installation for cleaning liquid according to item 30, wherein the control unit is configured to set temporary operating modes of an electrochemical means of a time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent depending on the electrical conductivity of the liquid. 33. Installation for cleaning liquid according to claim 30, characterized in that the control unit is configured to periodically change the polarity of the electric current supplied to the electrochemical means of the time-controlled dosing of ions of the disinfecting agent. 34. Installation for cleaning liquid according to item 30, wherein the electrochemical means of time-controlled dosing of ions of a disinfecting agent is additionally used in flow mode. 35. Installation for cleaning liquid according to clause 34, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a liquid flow sensor. 36. Microfiltration unit for cleaning liquid containing a device for cleaning liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 23. 37. A reverse osmosis liquid purification installation, comprising a liquid purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 23. 38. Ultrafiltration installation for cleaning liquid containing a device for cleaning liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 23. 39. Nanofiltration installation for cleaning liquid containing a device for cleaning liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 23. 40. A membrane fluid purification system comprising a fluid purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 23.

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