RU2433867C1 - Method of acoustic and hydraulic pulse softening and disintegration of highly plastic clay sands of gold-bearing placers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining industry and may be used to develop natural and anthropogenic high-clayey gravel deposits of minerals with high content of fine and thin gold. The method of acoustic and hydraulic pulse softening and disintegration of high-plastic clay sands of gold-bearing placers includes placer opening, formation of an accumulator, softening of clay sands with the help of water supply and subsequent filtration process, assembly of a plant of discharge hydraulic transportation of the hydraulic mixture. Hydraulic washing of sands is carried out with subsequent free-flow supply of a hydraulic mixture into the accumulator and subsequent pressure hydraulic transportation of the hydraulic mixture to the system of washing and sizing, which is coupled with an additional accumulator by means of a mechanism that supplies the sized hydraulic mixture. Periodic acoustic exposure is carried out with directed radiation of 20 kHz frequency and intensity from 5 to 10 W/cm2 to a large-sized solid component of the hydraulic mixture in the additional accumulator before and after periodical hydrodynamic exposure of pulse loads generated in case of high-voltage electric breakthrough and producing voltage with exceeding the limit strength of the solid component of the hydraulic mixture depending on its water saturation. Number of charges is determined on the basis of the specific size of the largest piece. ^ EFFECT: increased efficiency of damage and disintegration of clay sands of placers. ^ 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of natural and industrial high-clay alluvial mineral deposits with a high content of fine and fine gold.

A known method of destruction of the rock massif, according to which the rock mass is affected by a rock cutting tool, and by ultrasonic vibrations at the point of contact of the rock mass with the mass, the direction of maximum compressive stress in the mass is previously determined, and the direction of ultrasonic vibrations is oriented perpendicular to the direction of maximum compressive stress ahead of the rock cutting tool / one/.

The principle underlying the implementation of the method is intended for the destruction of rocks of the ore type during underground mining and cannot be used for the destruction of medium and highly plastic clay sands of placers in an open way.

A known method of controlling the process of transformation of gold-bearing rock, including softening the rock by mechanical action followed by periodic initiation of elastic vibrations in the ultrasonic range with a constant frequency in the sand-clay rock-water system, the initiation of elastic vibrations is carried out at constant external pressure, various time intervals and capacities, and when pre-selecting a controlled range of particle sizes, determine the optimal exposure time at which The stability of the clay particles sediment in a system with a constant volume is determined, then the conditional transformation coefficients are calculated, a graph of the change in the indicated transformation coefficients versus time is built, from which the increase in the controlled initial value of the specific surface of the softened particles is determined by an order of magnitude, which reduces the ultrasonic radiation power by half / 2 / .

This method does not include the intensification of volumetric areas of compacted and water-saturated sands and can be used to activate the hydraulic mixture and its control.

The closest in technical essence is a method of softening and disintegrating clay sands of alluvial deposits, including opening the placer, digging a water trench with a slope in the direction of falling of the field and a catchment trench with a depth of the bottom marks in trenches from 1.5 to 3 m, filling the water with water trenches with simultaneous filling of the developed placer section with water to a depth that provides installation and installation of equipment in a floating state, and maintaining this level in later for primary softening of clay sands by means of water supply through an adjustable shutter, the process of natural filtration of water into the massif, installation of a pressure hydrotransport installation. At the end of the pressure pulp line, a vortex generator and a hydrodynamic cavitator / 3 / are installed.

The disadvantage of this method is that the main process of disintegration is carried out by the action of the cavitating mechanism on the hydraulic mixture. However, at the first stage of natural filtration of water into the massif, the process is not initiated and therefore develops rather slowly, since the clay filtration coefficient is from the fourth to the sixth order of smallness - 0.0005-0.000005 cm / s.

The technical result of the proposed method is to increase the efficiency of destruction and disintegration of clay sands of placers by combining ultrasonic and pulsed hydrodynamic effects.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of acoustohydroimpulse softening and disintegration of highly plastic clay sands of gold placers, including opening the placer, forming a storage tank, softening clay sands by means of water supply and the subsequent filtration process, installation of a pressure hydraulic pump for hydraulic oil mixtures, pressureless supply of slurry to the drive and subsequent pressure hydraulic transmission of slurry to The erosion and classification system, which is coupled by means of a classified hydraulic mixture feeding mechanism with an additional storage device, carries out a periodic acoustic action by directed radiation with a frequency of 20 kHz and an intensity of 5 to 10 W / cm ² on the lumpy solid component of the hydraulic mixture in the additional storage before and after the periodic hydrodynamic effect of pulsed loads generated during high-voltage electrical breakdown and creating voltage exceeding the maximum NOSTA solid component of the slurry depending on the saturation, and the number of bits is determined by calculating the characteristic size of the largest piece.

The combination of new significant features allows us to solve a new technical problem - to activate the process of disintegration of clay sands of gold placers through a combination of ultrasonic and pulsed hydrodynamic effects.

In the drawing - a General view of the development system of the placer, ensuring the implementation of the method.

The method is carried out using a hydromechanical production complex, which includes a hydraulic monitor 1, a storage unit 2, a pressure hydraulic hydrotransport installation of a hydraulic mixture 3, 4, 5, an erosion and classification system 6, which is coupled by a classified hydraulic mixture feeding mechanism 7 with an additional storage unit 8, an enrichment complex 9, a system water supply 10 and the dump complex 11, the installation of ultrasonic impact 12 and the installation of electrohydrodynamic effects 13 on the solid component of the hyd mixture. Installation pressure hydraulic transport of the hydraulic mixture 5 contains a drive 14 with regulation of the flow of the hydraulic mixture to the beneficiation complex 9.

The method of acoustic-hydroimpulse softening and disintegration of highly plastic clay sands of gold placers is as follows.

The placer is opened, accumulator 2 and additional accumulator 8 are formed, installation of pressurized hydrotransport systems for hydraulic mixtures 3, 4, 5, erosion and classification system 6, which feeds the classified hydraulic mixture mechanism 7, dump complex 11. Using sand monitor 1, the sand is washed with subsequent pressureless feeding slurry in the accumulator 2. In the accumulator 2 there is softening of clay sands through the filtration process. From the accumulator 2, with the help of the pressurized hydraulic mixture transport system of the hydraulic mixture 3, the hydraulic mixture is supplied to the erosion and classification system 6, which is connected to the water supply system 10. After classification, the hydraulic mixture is sent through the supplying classified hydraulic mixture 7 to the additional storage 8. Using the ultrasonic action 12, the acoustic the impact of directional radiation with a frequency of 20 kHz and an intensity of 5 to 10 W / cm ² on the lumpy solid component of the slurry in additional ohm drive 8 (table).

Table The calculated data of the normal components of the compression-tensile stress during ultrasonic treatment of highly plastic sands of gold-bearing placers in a water-saturated state The equivalent design density of highly plastic water-saturated sands ρ _e · 10 ³ , kg / m ³ Lame Constants The calculated value of the normal component of the stress (compression-tension) σ, kgf / cm ² µ · 10 ⁹ , kg / m · s ² λ · 10 ⁹ , kg / m · s ² during deformation | S | = 10 ^-4 m Porosity 26%, average water content 15% 2,198-2,232 3,176-3,203 3,176-3,204 12.7-12.81 Porosity 26%, average water content 1.5% 2,389-2,428 6.4-6.534 6,427-6,54 25.65-26.15 Porosity 33%, average water content 25% 2,057-2,087 2.38-2.379 2,378-2,384 9.52-9.53 Porosity 33%, average water content 3% 2,368-2,406 5,745-5,846 5,747-5,848 22.98-23.39 Porosity 40%, average water content 30% 1,987-2,015 2,034-2,045 2.03-2.046 8.13-8.12 Porosity 40%, average water content 4% 2,354-2,392 5,379-5,466 5,376-5,463 21.51-21.86

The time interval for exposure can be from 5 to 15 minutes. By setting the electrohydrodynamic action 13, periodic hydrodynamic effects are made by pulses generated during high-voltage electrical breakdown and create a voltage exceeding the ultimate strength of the solid component of the hydraulic mixture depending on its water saturation. The number of bits n is determined from the calculation of the characteristic size h of the largest piece [4]

,

,

where E and ρ are Young's modulus and density of the rock being destroyed; τ is the duration of the discharge; σ _cr - voltage, providing a critical state of the destroyed piece in a water-saturated state; σ _m - maximum voltage created in a piece by the pressure of a pulsed discharge.

After that, an additional acoustic effect is produced by directional radiation with a frequency of 20 kHz and an intensity of 5 W / cm ² . The dispersed slurry is fed by means of a pressurized hydrotransport installation of slurry 5 to the accumulator 14, from which, by regulation, the slurry is fed to the concentration plant 9.

The process of active disintegration of clay sands using ultrasound and pulsed hydrodynamic effects can be carried out in the development of deep-lying placers in an open way. The method provides effective environmental safety and allows for the effective directional conversion of both highly plastic and weak plastic clay sands in open pit mining.

Information sources

1. A.S. 1666707, Russian Federation. The method of destruction of the mountain range / L.M. Zinker et al. - 07.30.1991. - Bull. No. 28.

2. Pat. 2276727, Russian Federation. The method of controlling the process of transformation of gold-bearing rocks / N.P. Khrunina, Yu.A. Mamaev. - May 20, 2006. - Bull. No. 14.

3. Pat. 2288361, Russian Federation. The method of softening and disintegration of clay sands of placer deposits / A.M. Pulyaevsky et al. - November 27, 2006. - [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: www.fips.ru.

4. Gamanovich V.I., Raizman V.A., Streltsov V.A. Destruction of rocks by impulse loads // Electric discharge in a liquid and its application: Sat. scientific tr - Kiev: "Science Dumka", 1977. - S.161-165.

Claims (1)

The method of acoustic-hydroimpulse softening and disintegration of highly plastic clay sands of gold placers, including opening the placer, forming a reservoir, softening clay sands by means of a water supply and the subsequent filtration process, installing a pressure hydraulic pump for hydraulic mixtures, characterized in that the pump is used for hydraulic pumping and subsequent pressure head hydrotransport of the hydraulic mixture to the erosion and classification system, which is interfaced by means of a classified hydraulic mixture feeding mechanism with an additional storage device, they carry out periodic acoustic impacts by directional radiation with a frequency of 20 kHz and an intensity of 5 to 10 W / cm ² on the lumpy solid component of the hydraulic mixture in the additional storage before and after periodic hydrodynamic effects of pulsed loads generated during high-voltage electrical breakdown and creating a voltage exceeding the ultimate strength of the solid component of hydra mixture depending on the water saturation, the number of bits is determined by calculating the characteristic size of the largest piece.

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