RU2433193C1 - Continuous action plant for symmetrical induction heating of ball-shaped items - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy. ^ SUBSTANCE: continuous action plant for symmetrical induction heating of ball-shaped items includes metering hopper equipped with mechanism of its movement in horizontal and vertical planes, hopper feeder of discrete action, feed chute from feeder to inductor, which is equipped with hinged and telescopic articulations, inductive wire wound about the guide channel bent in the form of helix with vertical symmetry axis; at that, inductive wire is wound about the guide channel of annular or semi-annular section bent as shaped spiral with variable curvature of turns, inscribed into the surface of one-sheet hyperboloid or the surface of the second order, which is similar to it. ^ EFFECT: elimination of sliding and rotation of balls at rolling down along spiral guide channel. ^ 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for heat treatment of products of spherical shape, in particular in the mass production of grinding media, ball bearings and valves in hydraulic systems, including highly wear-resistant balls in shut-off valves of deep pumps for oil production, etc.

A continuous installation for symmetric induction heating of products of a spherical shape is known, comprising, in sequence, a feed hopper equipped with a mechanism for moving it in horizontal and vertical planes, a sub-hopper feeder, defining a trough from the feeder to the inductor, equipped with articulated and telescopic joints, an induction wire wound around guide profile in the form of a trough of a trough U-section, curved into a cylindrical spiral spiral with a vertical axis of symmetry (pat nt No. 2316603, BI No. 4, 2008), or in a shaped spiral with variable curvature of turns inscribed on the surface of a single-cavity hyperboloid, or on another second-order surface (patent No. 2370550, BI No. 29, 2009).

The authors of the two analogous inventions mentioned above solve the technical problem of achieving the desired symmetry of heating, based on the idea of continuously changing the direction of the axes of proper rotation of the balls when moving in spiral inductors with the movement of the “near-pole” and “equatorial” surfaces relative to the oncoming magnetic flux by 90 ° (t .e. swapping them).

-сечения, исключающая возможность свободного качения шаров без проскальзывания и верчения.A common disadvantage of these two inventions (patents No. 2316603 and No. 2370550) is the design of the guide profile for rolling inside the inductors of heated products in the form of troughs

-sections excluding the possibility of free rolling of balls without slipping and spinning.

The inevitability of slipping with spinning is predetermined by the simultaneous and continuous dynamic interaction of the rolling balls with two mutually perpendicular flat surfaces of the trough - the treadmill and its outer wall. At the same time, the moments of rolling friction forces inducing a rotation of the summed direction of the axis of the ball’s own rotation on the indicated surfaces are multidirectional (90 °).

-образной конфигурацией сечения (трения качения по беговой дорожке и обкатывания вертикальной стенки, трения скольжения и верчения по тем же поверхностям), настолько осложняет проведение необходимых предпроектных расчетно-теоретических обоснований геометрических параметров такого термического оборудования, обеспечивающих симметричный индукционный нагрев изделий шарообразной формы, что возможность практического использования этих механико-математических исследований для проектирования представляется весьма неопределенной.The complex and variable nature of the friction forces, summarized acting on the path of movement of the ball along the entire curved length of the guide trough with

-shaped configuration of the cross section (rolling friction on the treadmill and rolling around the vertical wall, sliding friction and spinning on the same surfaces), so complicates the necessary pre-design theoretical calculations of the geometric parameters of such thermal equipment, providing symmetrical induction heating of products of spherical shape, which makes it possible The practical use of these mechanical and mathematical studies for design seems very uncertain.

An object of the invention is to prevent slipping and spinning of heated products when they move along the guide profile.

To achieve this technical result, in a continuous installation for symmetric induction heating of spherical shaped products containing a feed hopper equipped with a mechanism for moving it in horizontal and vertical planes, a discrete action sub-hopper feeder defining a chute from the feeder to the inductor, equipped with articulated and telescopic joints, inducing wire wound around a guide profile bent into a spatial spiral with a vertical axis of symmetry, inductor The guide wire is wound around a guide profile of an annular or semi-circular section, bent into a shaped spiral with a variable curvature of the turns inscribed in the surface of a one-sheeted hyperboloid or another second-order surface.

The proposed technical solution in the preferred embodiment of the spiral inscribed on the surface of a single-cavity hyperboloid (double rotation of the direction of the axis of rotation: horizon-90 ° -horizont), is illustrated in figure 1 - main view; figure 2 - view And figure 1 on the n-th (nth) turn of the guide profile above the focal plane in a partially opened form; figure 3 - section aa in figure 1 along the straight sections of the inductor at the input and output of the balls; 4 is a section bB in figure 2 (intermediate position); figure 5 - section bb in figure 2.

The specification for figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5:

1 - feed hopper;

2 - mechanism for moving the feed hopper in the vertical and horizontal planes;

3 - sub-hopper feeder discrete action;

4 - feed chute;

4-1, 4-2 - articulated joints;

4-3 - telescopic articulation;

5 - induction wire;

6 - a straight section of the guide profile at the entrance of the balls to the inductor;

7 - a guide profile of an annular or semi-annular section, curved into a shaped spiral inscribed on the surface of a single-sheet hyperboloid (or similar to it);

8 - a straight section of the guide profile at the exit of the balls from the inductor;

9 - conditional spatial trajectory of rolling balls into another spiral orbit under the influence of increased centrifugal force;

F - foci forming a hyperboloid surface.

). Такими функциональными сегментами в предлагаемом направляющем профиле являются:From Figs. 3, 4, 5, it can be seen that on the inner toroidal surface of the pipe, it is possible to select grooved segments of curvilinear length, suitable for the self-aligning location of the balls, provided that the ratio of the dimensions of the ball d and the inner diameter D of the annular section of the guide profile is acceptable (approximately

) Such functional segments in the proposed guide profile are:

figure 3 - in the lower part along the Y axis (treadmill in a small spiral orbit);

figure 5 is a segment along the X axis, farthest from the axis of symmetry of the spiral guide profile (the surface of the run-in under the influence of centrifugal force in an increased orbit).

Figure 2 shows a certain n-th turn of the conditional spatial trajectory 9 from p. "A" to p. "B" rolling the ball into the grooved segment along the x-axis (Figures 4 and 5). This is the trajectory of free hypocycloid rolling of the ball along the inner surface of the guide tube bent into a spiral in the lower quarter of its cross section m / o X and Y under the combined action of mutually perpendicular gravity and centrifugal with continuous stereometric (three-dimensional) summation of the change in the direction of the axis of proper rotation of the ball, ending with the desired by turning it 90 ° from the original horizontal direction without slipping, because the proposed technical solution eliminates the causes of such about the phenomenon. Figures 3 and 5 illustrate the separation of the location of the balls in the field of such sections by an angle of 90 ° relative to the center of the circumference of the section from the horizontal direction of the axis of the ball’s own rotation to 90 ° rotated. Below the focal plane on the i-th coil with the weakening of centrifugal force (reducing the curvature of the spiral), the ball rolls along the return path into the grooved segment along the Y axis of the small orbit with the restoration of the horizontal direction of the rotation axis.

Symbols for deriving the conditions of symmetric induction heating of balls in the proposed installation:

t _GP - the total time of movement of the ball with the horizontal direction of the axis of rotation along the straight sections of the inductor (pos. 5 and 7 in figure 1);

t _gS1 - time of the ball with the horizontal direction of the axis of rotation at the beginning of the spiral part of the inductor (above the focal plane);

t _gC2 - the same, below the focal plane;

t _in - time of movement of the ball with the direction of the axis of rotation rotated by 90 ° (Fig. 5, the middle part of the hyperboloid surface surrounding the focal section).

Symmetry condition

t _in = t _gP + t _gC1 + t _gC2

On the transitional in the direction of the axis of rotation sections of the movement of the balls along the path "a" - "b" (Fig.2) and similar on the i-th turn below the focal plane along the return path, warm-ups occur, leveling the joints between paired, mutually perpendicular crescent-shaped heating movement with the horizontal direction of the axis of rotation and rotated 90 ° (shown in Fig.6).

Figure 7 shows a semicircular section of the guide profile more rational with respect to magnetoelectric efficiency without the construction of complex (shaped) magnetic cores, but less technological in terms of practical manufacturing.

The choice of option - depending on the size of the balls and electrical heating modes.

Installation works as follows.

1. The initial static state (see figure 1):

the feed hopper 1 is empty, the sub-hopper feeder 3 is turned off, the induction wire 5 is de-energized.

2. The sequence of starting the installation into operation:

by turning on the mechanism 2, the empty hopper is installed in a position that provides the necessary angle α of inclination and the length of the feed chute 4 to give the desired initial speed of the balls at the entrance to the straight section 6 of the guide profile of the inductor;

loading hopper 1 balls;

by pressing the “start” button, the induction wire 5 is turned on, followed by a discrete-action sub-hopper feeder 3, after which the balls roll along the driver trough 4 at intervals between them into the guide profile 6, 7 of the inductor;

Then the balls symmetrically heated in the spiral part of the inductor to a predetermined temperature and heating depth are discharged from the straight section 8 of the guide profile into the quenching device with a cooling medium.

The technical result of the claimed combination of essential features is the exclusion of slipping and spinning of the balls when rolling along the spiral guide profile of the inductor, which determines the increase in the accuracy of the theoretical and theoretical justifications of the geometric and magnetoelectric parameters of the spiral inductor, thereby reducing the cost of development, experimental and commissioning work inventions.

Claims (1)

Continuous installation for symmetric induction heating of spherical shaped products, comprising a feed hopper equipped with a mechanism for moving it in horizontal and vertical planes, a discrete action sub-hopper feeder, a feed chute from the feeder to the inductor, equipped with articulated and telescopic joints, an induction wire wound around the guide profile bent into a spatial spiral with a vertical axis of symmetry, characterized in that the induction wire is wound around a guide profile made with an annular or semi-circular section, curved into a shaped spiral having a variable curvature of the turns and inscribed on the surface of a single-cavity hyperboloid or a similar second-order surface.

Images