RU2432293C1 - Wheeled version of caterpillar tractor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Wheeled version of caterpillar tractor comprises drive wheels and portal axle. Drive wheels are driven by engine via two double-flow transmission and double-flow drive axle by hydraulic clamping couplings. Portal axle with turning wheels interconnected by transverse tie rods are provided with turning wheel axle pins in inclined journals. Said journals are fitted in portal axle tubular beam to be extended as required. Every journal moves about tubular beam axle to vary its inclination and lock said position. Axle pin is articulated with centering hydraulic cylinder so that said cylinder has minimum length while its axial line runs along turning wheel axle. Cavities of centering hydraulic cylinder are communicated via hydraulic lock with cavities of hydraulic cylinder built in trapezoid cross beam and with tractor hydraulic control valve. Rod end of centering hydraulic cylinder communicates with hydraulic throw-in/out control valve and brake throw-in hydraulic cylinder. ^ EFFECT: decreased radius of turn. ^ 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for convertible vehicles, mainly tractors.

Wheel modifications of tracked vehicles are known, for example, type SU 527331 [1], EP 0937634 [2] and others, and wheel modifications of tracked tractors, for example, type DE 19519670 A1 [3], RU 2045465 C1 [4] and tractors are also known type MTZ-80 [5].

The disadvantage of a tractor of type DE 19519670 A1 [3] is that it has only one fixed-wheel drive wheel, and the moment from the steered wheels is small. The disadvantage of tractors of the type RU 2045465 C1 [4] is that it cannot be used in road transport operations, since vane wheels on roughnesses of the track surface enter auto-oscillation mode. The disadvantage is that a turn in place is made with a braked drive wheel of one of the sides. This loose soil is unloaded. The disadvantage is that on the move, a turn is made with a break in the power flow to one of the sides. Therefore, if the resultant resistance to movement is shifted beyond the gauge, then the tractor rotates in the opposite direction from the one corresponding to the position of the steering controls. This is dangerous for transport; on inter-row cultivation of row crops, it is undesirable.

A wheel modification of a caterpillar tractor is known, containing driving wheels interchangeable with caterpillar engines and can be spaced apart by a hydraulic gearbox via a two-threaded gearbox without breaking the power flow and through a two-threaded drive axle with differential, and also containing a portal axle with a right and left swivel wheels mutually connected by the trapezoidal lateral link, and having pivot shafts of axles of the swivel wheels in inclined n axles installed in the tubular beam of the portal bridge with the possibility of extension to the desired track, for example, type UA 3646 U [6] - prototype.

Its disadvantage is that its swivel wheels are correctly mounted in the direction of movement due to the high-speed stabilizing moment only in the forward gear of the tractor. In reverse (reverse movement), its swivel wheels are in an unstable equilibrium position, and it is practically impossible to direct them with a hydraulic cylinder from a standard directional control valve to the rotation with the drive wheels. A drawback of such a tractor is that it is inferior in terms of maneuverability to a tractor of the type RU 2045465 C1 [4], since it cannot be deployed on wheels in place.

The technical result of the invention is the self-installation of swivel wheels connected by a trapezoidal thrust in the direction of travel on the forward and reverse paths and a decrease in turning radii up to turning in place around the middle of the drive axle without skidding and braking of the wheels.

The essence of the invention is that a wheeled modification of a caterpillar tractor, containing driving wheels interchangeable with caterpillar engines, can be spaced apart to a necessary track, driven by an engine through a two-threaded gearbox with hydraulic clutches without breaking the power flow and through a two-threaded drive axle with differential, as well as containing portal bridge with swivel wheels mutually connected by transverse trapezoidal traction, and having shafts-pivots of axles of swivel wheels in in accordance with the invention, each inclined axle is mounted movably around the axis of the tubular beam with the possibility of changing its longitudinal inclination to the opposite and fixing this position, while the pivot shaft is pivotally connected to centering hydraulic cylinder so that in the position of the swivel wheels for rectilinear movement, the centering hydraulic cylinder has a minimum length and its axial line is located along the axis p the gate wheel, and the cavities of the centering hydraulic cylinder through a two-way hydraulic lock are connected to the cavities of the hydraulic cylinder integrated in the trapezoidal traction, and communicated with the control channels of the tractor’s standard directional valve section, and the rod cavity of the centering hydraulic cylinder is in communication with the hydraulic control channel of the pressure switch on / off valve in the hydraulic clutch box the gearbox of the kinematic chain of the differential drive of the drive axle, and also communicated with the hyd brake cylinder included in the same kinematic chain.

Thanks to such signs, the swivel wheels are self-installing in the direction of travel in the forward and reverse direction and reduce the turning radius up to turning in place around the middle of the drive axle without the swivel wheels and / or without braking the drive wheel of one of the sides.

A wheeled modification of a caterpillar tractor (hereinafter referred to as a tractor) is arranged, for example, as follows.

Figure 1 shows a tractor, side view. The caterpillar track is indicated by a dotted line, since in the wheel modification it is dismantled. The arrows indicate the directions of direct and reverse movement of the tractor.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of a bridge of swivel wheels in the position of the rectilinear movement of the tractor.

Figure 3 schematically shows the nodes of the tractor and their communication, respectively, the essential features of the invention. The arrows indicate the direction of rotation of the primary and secondary shafts of the gearbox when moving forward, as well as the direction of the tractor’s turn in place around the middle of the drive axle.

In FIG. 4 schematically shows a view of the axle of the swivel wheels along arrow A in FIG. 3. The dotted line shows the position of the swivel wheel and its pivot shaft for reverse tractor movement.

Figure 5 shows a view along arrow B in figure 4. Symbols in figure 1 ... 5:

1 - tractor frame (hereinafter frame),

2 - engine

3 - two-line gearbox with hydraulic clutch without breaking the power flow, such as the T-150 tractor gearbox [7], p. 99 ... 100, 101, fig. 54, ... 146, (hereinafter CAT),

4 - the right brake on the secondary shaft of gearbox 3 (hereinafter referred to as the brake),

5 - left brake on the secondary shaft of gearbox 3 (hereinafter referred to as the brake),

6 - double-threaded drive axle with differential according to RU 2385432 [8] (hereinafter the bridge),

7 - the right driveshaft connecting the right secondary shaft of the gearbox 3 with the main transmission of the differential drive of the bridge 6 (hereinafter cardan),

8 - left driveshaft connecting the left gearbox 3 secondary shaft with gear drive transmission connected by splines with the left axle shaft of the bridge 3 (hereinafter the cardan),

9 - a sprocket of a drive of a caterpillar belt, in which there is a mating plane with threaded holes (hereinafter asterisk), around the circumference between the toothed ring and the mounting flange to the bridge 3

10 - cantilever shaft with a flange for attachment to the sprocket 9 (hereinafter the shaft),

11 - a driving wheel, for example, with a tire 16, 9R38 GOST 7463-89 with a loading capacity of 2575 kg (hereinafter referred to as the wheel),

12 - a swivel wheel, for example, with a tire 18 × 7-8 NS10 GOST 25304-88 with a loading capacity of 1250 kg to 1112 kg at a speed of 25 km / h to 40 km / h, respectively (hereinafter the wheel),

13 - portal bridge with wheels 12, attached to the frame 1 with its balancing axis (hereinafter the bridge),

14 - a tubular beam of the bridge 13 with a balancing axis and oval holes for track gauges in the wall (hereinafter beam),

15 - bracket welded to the beam 14 with an axis for attaching a hydraulic cylinder (hereinafter bracket),

16 - an inclined axle mounted in the beam 14 with the possibility of rotation around the axis of the tubular part of the beam 14, extension from the beam and fixing with rods through oval holes in the wall of the beam of the position of the wheels 12 on the track: 2400 mm, 2700 mm, 2800 mm for row spacing width: 600 mm, 450 mm, 700 mm respectively (hereinafter trunnion),

17 - on the pin 16, a mobile bracket with an axis for attaching a hydraulic cylinder (hereinafter bracket),

18 - welded to the axis of the wheel 12 shaft-pin (hereinafter shaft-pin),

19 - transverse thrust of the trapezoid with a built-in hydraulic cylinder, the length of which, with the rod fully extended, is such that the wheels 12 have a standard toe of 20 ... 30 mm (hereinafter the cylinder-thrust),

20 - two-way valve, blocking the entrance to the cavity of the cylinder-rod 19 (hereinafter referred to as the lock),

21 is a lever sitting with tapered slots on the upper spike of the shaft-pin 18 and pivotally connected to the cylinder-rod 19 (hereinafter the lever),

22 - two-console lever sitting with tapered slots on the upper thorn of the shaft-pin 18, one console being located along the axis of the wheel 12, and the second is pivotally connected to the cylinder-rod 19 (hereinafter referred to as the lever),

23 - a centering hydraulic cylinder pivotally mounted between the beam 14 and the shaft-pivot lever 18 located along the axis of the wheel 12 so that in the position of the wheels 12 for rectilinear movement, the center line of the centering cylinder is located along the axis of the wheel 12 (hereinafter the cylinder),

24 - a hydraulic cylinder mounted pivotally on the axes of the brackets 15 and 17 (hereinafter the cylinder),

25 - a hydraulic cylinder on / off brake 4 (hereinafter cylinder),

26 - hydraulic control and with a spring-loaded spool, a two-position valve on / off pressure in the hydraulic clutch gearbox 3 (hereinafter distributor),

27 - four-position section of the standard tractor control valve (hereinafter section),

28 - oil pipelines connecting hydraulic units listed in positions 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26.

A 13-wheel axle 12 is flanged with a balancer axis to the front beam of the frame 1 of the tractor type T-150 (KhT3-153B, KhT3-180B, etc.), which has threaded openings. This bridge, for example, is made in the form of the front axle of the MTZ-80 tractor [ 5], p.106, Fig. 43, but (Fig. 5) with an elongated beam 14 and with brackets 15, 17. A lever 21 is installed in the upper part of the left shaft-pivot 18, and is installed in the upper part of the right shaft-pivot 18 lever 22. The cylinder 23 is pivotally connected to the lever 22 and to the beam 14 and has a minimum length between the hinges in the position of the linear movement of the wheels 12. the cylinder 23 is connected by oil lines 28 to the thrust cylinder 19 through the lock 20 and with the control channels of section 27, and its rod cavity is connected with the hydraulic control channel of the distributor 26 and with the cylinder 25. The cylinder 24 is connected by oil lines to another section of the tractor’s standard distributor, that is, not with section 27. The secondary shafts of the gearbox 3 with cardans 7 and 8 are connected to the bridge 6. At the same time, the cardan 7 is connected to the conical drive of the differential of the bridge 6, and the cardan 8 is connected to the conical drive of the left axle of the bridge 6. The wheels 11 are mounted on the shafts 10 with the possibility of azdvizheniya on track from 2400 mm to 2800 mm. Due to the compactness of the bridge 6 [8], the track track of the T-150 tractor is not 1435 mm, as of yet, but 1350 mm - beet. Instead of the second place, a reversing control station is equipped in the tractor cabin.

They work using a tractor on a plowed field without mounting a wheeled chassis, that is, as on a conventional tracked tractor. Thanks to the 1350 mm track, the tractor is also used for sowing sugar beets with replaceable regular caterpillars 240 mm wide, and for other early spring field work.

Let it be necessary to perform inter-row processing of corn, sunflower, sugar beets, potatoes and other row crops. A bridge 13 is attached to the tractor, shafts 10 with wheels 11, cylinders 24 set the tilt of the pins 16 for direct or reverse movement and aggregate the corresponding row cultivator with a tractor. They arrive at the plantation of row crops and drive in the aisles with wheels 11, 12 so that the plane of symmetry of the wheel coincides with the middle of the aisle. Section handle 27 include oil supply to the piston cavity of the thrust cylinder 19, to the rod cavity of the cylinder 23 and remove the hand from the handle of section 27. As soon as the possible piston stroke of the cylinders is completely selected by the oil flow, the wheels 12 will be set to the position of rectilinear movement and the section plunger 27 will automatically take the “neutral” position. Then include the speed corresponding to the technological requirements for this operation. When the wheel deviates from the middle of the row-spacing (an experienced tractor driver already sees a deviation of 1 cm), for example, due to the curvature of the rows or due to periodically asymmetric resistance of the cultivator, briefly turn on the increased speed to the running wheel 11 or the reduced speed to the lagging wheel 11. Since Since the wheels 12 are fixed by the cylinder 23 in the position of rectilinear movement, the curvature of the adjustment trajectory is quite smooth, which is required for inter-row cultivation.

Suppose that at the end of the working rut the headland is limited, for example, by a forest belt. For a turn, they leave the row-spacing, stop the tractor and the section section 27 handle simultaneously supply oil to the piston cavity of the cylinder 23, the rod cavity of the thrust cylinder 19, to the hydraulic control channel of the distributor 26, to the cylinder 25 and remove the hand from the handle of the section 27. Therefore, the oil flow they choose the full stroke of the pistons of the cylinders, turn on the pressure relief valve 26 in the hydraulic gearbox clutch of the gearbox 3 of the kinematic chain of the cardan 7, hold the brake 4 with the cylinder 25. At the same time, the handle of section 17 is returned to the “neutral” position vtomaticheski and wheel 12 is set to a position for turning the tractor in place around the middle of the bridge 6 (Figure 3). To turn right, the gearbox control handle 3 includes the maximum speed for the left running wheel in the forward position. To turn left, the gearbox control handle 3 includes the maximum speed to the left running wheel in the reverse position (reverse). After this 90-degree turn, the handle of the section 17 sets the wheels 12 to the position of rectilinear movement, as described in the previous paragraph, and this automatically releases the brake 4, restores the oil pressure in the hydraulic clutch of the gearbox 3 of the kinematic chain of the universal joint 7. Then they drive to the next lane plantation cultivation and after a repeated turn of 90 degrees, they enter the row-spacing of row crops. Further, all operations are repeated, as described in the last two paragraphs.

The tractor is aggregated with especially wide-grip machines, as they adjust the direction of its movement in rows with drive wheels, which create a much larger turning moment than the steering wheels of an MT3-80 tractor of any traction class.

With harvesting machines, for example, reaper, combine harvester, beet-harvesting, etc., they work mainly on the reverse course of the tractor. With loading machines, for example, a clamshell loader, an excavator, they work in the reverse position of the tractor.

Let it be required to carry out transport work on general roads. To do this, the cylinders 24 set the tilt of the pins 16 for forward motion, the wheels 12 with the cylinders 19 and 23 are set to the position of rectilinear motion, as described above. Then section 17 is switched to the "floating" position. In this position, the cylinder-rod 19, thanks to the lock 20, keeps its length unchanged corresponding to the standard toe-in of the wheels 12, and the cylinder 23 does not prevent the wheels 12 from self-installing in the direction of travel, since, thanks to the stabilizing moments of the pivoting axles, the wheels of a vehicle towed on a rigid coupling without a driver .

So, they get the self-alignment of the swivel wheels in the direction of travel in the forward and reverse directions and reduce the turning radius up to turning in place around the middle of the drive axle without the use of swivel wheels and without braking one of the driving wheels of the crawler tractor wheel modification.

Information sources

1.SU 527331 B62D 55/10. 03/15/78 Bul. No. 10. Self propelled vehicle. 4 sec

2. EP 0 937 634 A1 B62D 55/108, B60G 11/18. 08/25/1999. Tracke vehicle with torsion bar suspension. 11 p.

3. DE 19519670 A1 B62D 55/04. 10/26/1995. Road travel device for ful = track tractor to be converted for travel. 7 p.

4. RU 2045465 C1 6 B66C 23/36, B62D 55/04. 10/10/95 Bull. No. 28. Universal tractor. 7 sec

5. Tractors MT3-80 and MT3-82 / I.P. Ksenevich et al. 2nd ed. - M .: Kolos, 1983, 254 p.

6. UA 3646 U7 B60R 26/00, B62D 63/00. 12.15.2004 Bull. No. 12. Tractor. 3 arcs.

7. Tractor T-150 (device and operation). Pd ed. B.P. Kashubi and I.A. Koval. M., Kolos, 1978. 288 p.

8. RU 2385432 C1 F16H 37/08. 03/27/2010 Bull. No. 9. Double threaded drive axle. 6 sec

Claims (1)

A wheeled modification of a caterpillar tractor, containing driving wheels interchangeable with caterpillar engines, capable of spreading to the required track, driven wheels through a two-threaded gearbox with hydraulic clutch without breaking the power flow and through a two-threaded drive axle with differential, and also containing a portal axle with swivel wheels, mutually connected by a trapezoidal transverse link, and having shaft-pivots of axles of the turning wheels in inclined axles, are installed in the tubular beam of the portal bridge with the possibility of spreading to the necessary track, characterized in that each inclined pin is movably mounted around the axis of the tubular beam with the possibility of changing its longitudinal inclination to the opposite and fixing this position, while the pin shaft is articulated with a centering hydraulic cylinder so that in the position of the swivel wheels for rectilinear movement, the centering hydraulic cylinder has a minimum length, and its axial line is located along the axis of the swivel wheel, and the cavity center the hydraulic cylinder through a two-way hydraulic lock are connected to the cavities of the hydraulic cylinder integrated in the trapezoidal traction, and also communicated with the control channels of the tractor’s regular valve distributor section, the rod cavity of the centering hydraulic cylinder is in communication with the hydraulic control channel of the pressure switch on / off valve in the hydraulic clutch of the kinematic gearbox differential drive of the drive axle and is also communicated with the brake cylinder in this the same kinematic chain.

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