RU2431782C2 - Fluid media distribution device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry. ^ SUBSTANCE: distribution device for water distribution in central heating system has at least one inlet hole and at least one outlet hole, and one or more passages between the above holes; at that, passage(s) is formed with a row of chambers enclosed in outer housing formed with external wall which forms a part of the wall at least of one of the chambers, and on inner side of which there located is the first wall of the chamber; at that, chambers are formed with volumes enclosed between external wall and the first wall of chamber, and thickness of external wall is more than thickness of the first wall of chamber. Also, manufacturing method of distribution device is described. ^ EFFECT: possibility of creating fluid media flows between individual system components. ^ 22 cl, 17 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of systems for distributing fluids, and, in particular, but not exclusively, relates to a device for distributing fluids used in industrial or domestic central heating systems.

State of the art

Components of domestic or industrial systems and central heating systems, i.e. a heat source (heater), pumps, heat exchangers, etc., are interconnected by channels for transmitting fluids in the form of pipes or gutters. Pipes are usually located in such a way as to allow the movement of hot or cold water between system components, for example, from a heater through pumps to one or more radiators.

In known systems, such components are interconnected by pipes, which are preliminarily given by bending a shape corresponding to the desired geometry of the system. The shaping of the pipes is usually done using special equipment so as to provide fluid connections between the components in accordance with the desired flow or flow configuration.

In such known systems, the required distance between the components of the heating system can be significant due to the restrictions imposed by the radius of curvature, possible for pipes of a certain diameter. This problem is especially relevant for large diameter pipes, which are often used in industrial applications associated with the use of high pressure, bending of which with a small radius of curvature is impossible. This leads to the fact that the components are located at a greater distance from each other, which would be necessary or desirable in the absence of such restrictions, and forces to create large installations, the components of which are removed from each other at undesirably large distances. In addition, the assembly and installation of configurations containing a large number of pipes with complex joints requires considerable labor, and their operation is associated with the risk of frequent leaks, especially at the joints and bends of pipes.

An example configuration in which a complex pipe network is used for connections between components is shown in FIG. 1A.

In many applications, it is essential to provide a configuration in which components (e.g. pumps, valves, etc.) would be located as close to each other as possible. This applies in particular to applications in which the installation must be enclosed within a confined space or enclosure, as, for example, in the case of thermoelectric systems (TPPs).

A standard TPP usually contains a motor and generator module, a heat accumulator, a boiler and a heat pump, which should occupy as little space as possible. The source of heat and electricity together with heat exchangers, pumps, valves and related connections should preferably be located inside a single housing, and it is desirable that the dimensions of such a housing and, therefore, the total volume occupied by the installation, be minimal.

One way to minimize the volume occupied by the connections between the components of such an installation is to use a circuit using a manifold or distributor. The collector can be used as a common channel with which several components can be connected, which makes it possible to organize the flow of fluid through the collector from the input point to the output point and between the corresponding components. However, this solution does not allow the creation of dedicated flows between the individual components.

Disclosure of invention

In accordance with a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a distribution device for distributing water in a central heating system having at least one inlet and at least one outlet and one or more passages between said openings, the passage (s) being formed (formed) by a series of chambers enclosed in an outer casing formed by an outer wall that forms part of the wall of at least one of the chambers.

In this configuration, the switchgear is a self-contained module that does not require the use of a complex system of pipes or manifolds.

The outer wall may form a pressure chamber, which holds the pressure inside the switchgear. Inside the outer wall, chamber walls may be provided that divide the volume surrounded by the outer wall into chambers. In this design, the walls of the chambers and other internal components do not have to be particularly strong, because the pressure difference between adjacent chambers is much smaller than the pressure difference between the surrounding space and the internal volume of the switchgear. This, in particular, is true in the case of the use of a switchgear in a system similar to a central heating system in which the water pressure is maintained substantially constant, since the pressure difference between adjacent chambers may be very small or completely absent.

The two chambers are preferably an outer chamber and an inner chamber. Most of the outer wall can make up part of the wall surrounding the outer chamber, and the remaining part of the outer wall can make up part of the wall surrounding the inner chamber.

A series of chambers located between the inlet and outlet openings forms one or more passages or channels through which water can flow.

The outer wall should preferably withstand pressure up to 3 bar, more preferably up to 10 bar, and in the most preferred embodiment, up to 15 bar. Walls of chambers and partitions, i.e. the elements restricting the inner chambers and chamber sections should preferably withstand pressures of up to 0.1 bar, more preferably up to 0.5 bar, and in the most preferred embodiment, up to 1 bar. These pressure levels correspond to pressure differences on opposite sides of the outer wall and the inner walls of the chambers.

Although the switchgear is designed to distribute water in a central heating network, it can obviously be used to distribute other fluids in other types of networks. The dispenser preferably provides fluid distribution between the various fluid components of the network. The phrase "liquid components" refers to any components of a fluid circulation system, in particular, components used in a central heating system. These components include, but are not limited to, pumps, valves, heat exchangers, radiators, etc., as well as pipes or channels through which connection with such and other components is ensured.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the switchgear comprises an external wall having the shape of a prism, for example, an elongated rectangle, pipe or prism with a semicircular cross section.

The device according to this embodiment of the invention can easily be adapted to work with higher levels of pressure and flow rate of the fluid than the known solutions, due to the absence of large separation forces and pressure compensation inside the switchgear by tensile stresses in the outer wall.

In this design, if the pressure in the system to which the switchgear is connected is maintained at a substantially constant level (as in a central heating system), the pressure difference between the chambers of the switchgear can be minimized. As a result of this, the wall thickness and, consequently, the size and structural complexity of the internal elements forming the switchgear chambers can be minimized.

It should be understood that, as discussed above, the only significant pressure difference that must be taken into account in such a design is the difference between the internal pressure in the system (which is preferably maintained substantially the same for all chambers) and pressure outside the switchgear. Therefore, the walls of the inner chambers can have a substantially small thickness, and the thickness and geometrical configuration of the outer wall must correspond to such a pressure.

The outer wall may contain two sections, for example, U-shaped or semicircular in shape, facing one another with open sides and limiting the space between them for accommodating cameras. The chambers can be formed inside the outer wall using one or more dividing elements. In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the invention, the switchgear comprises a spacer element, and two sections of the outer wall are located on either side of the spacer element.

Alternatively, the switchgear may be assembled from several sections facing each other or composed sequentially, the outer wall in this case may be formed by the outward-facing sides of the sections, and the chambers by volumes limited to such sections. In accordance with one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the sections are in cross section the shape of a rectangular trough or U-shaped and are designed to form a cross-sectional structure in the form of a ladder. Separating partitions may be added to form additional chambers.

However, in a preferred embodiment, the outer wall is formed by a hollow prism, and the walls of the chambers placed on the inner side of the outer wall divide the volume surrounded by the outer wall into the chambers. This allows you to get a stronger outer wall that does not contain seams that would form areas of reduced strength.

Thus, in the General case, the switchgear contains an outer wall surrounding several walls of the chambers, and the chambers are formed by volumes enclosed between the walls.

The switchgear preferably has an elongated shape and is divided in length into several chambers. Such chambers may be further divided by transverse plates or partitions mounted across the width of one or more chambers.

The dispenser preferably comprises several inlet and outlet openings for introducing water into the dispensing device and withdrawing water from it. The passages can be configured to allow water to pass between certain inlet and outlet openings and / or, using a valve or valves (or other appropriate means), to selectively direct water to certain outlet openings from a specific inlet or holes. Valves can be used to direct the flow of water between different chambers or between the chamber and the inlet or outlet.

The switchgear may comprise an external wall restricting the (external) chamber surrounding all other (internal) chambers, as well as providing pressure resistance to the system to which the switchgear is connected.

In applications in which water passes through a switchgear at a relatively low pressure, for example, from 1 to 6 bar, the outer wall can be formed by an element with a cross section of approximately square or rectangular shape, which facilitates its manufacture by known methods. The cross-sectional shape does not have to be strictly square or rectangular with exactly right angles; in particular, the use of rounded corners is preferable from the point of view of reducing the concentration of stresses and, consequently, increasing the allowable working pressure.

In applications in which water passes through a switchgear at a relatively high pressure, for example, above 6 bar, the outer wall can be formed by an element with a cross section of a round or partially round shape to reduce the wall thickness necessary to provide resistance to pressure in the system.

In another preferred embodiment, the outer wall is formed of a first substantially flat portion in which inlet and outlet openings are formed, and a second, partially rounded or curved in cross section section designed to provide pressure resistance. The first and second parts can be hermetically connected to form an external chamber.

The second part of the outer wall can be made of any suitable profile, minimizing the amount of material needed to ensure resistance to internal pressure of the system. For example, the second part may be made of an elongated length of material bent into an element with a cross section of a U-shape, to which is attached a substantially flat first part, as a result of which a cross section of a D-shape is obtained. The ends of the outer wall may be hermetically sealed with the end plates described below or other suitable means.

Obviously, the thickness of the material selected for the manufacture of the outer wall and the internal separation elements or the walls of the chambers of the switchgear described in this application depends on the required pressure parameters in a particular installation.

So, in a standard system of domestic central heating, in the manufacture of the outer wall of steel, the thickness of the first part of the wall can be from 2 to 10 mm. Similarly, the thickness of the second part of the wall may be from 0.5 to 2.5 mm. In an alternative embodiment, in which the outer wall is made of aluminum, the thickness of the first part of the wall may be from 5 to 15 mm. Similarly, the thickness of the second part of the wall can be from 1.5 to 2.5 mm. In higher pressure applications, such as industrial plants, larger wall thicknesses may be required.

Thus, a sealed external chamber is provided comprising inlet and outlet openings for passing a stream of water into and out of the switchgear. The inlet and outlet openings communicate with corresponding chambers located on the inside of the outer wall.

In an alternative design of the outer wall, for example, having a rectangular or square cross section, the inlet and outlet openings may be made in any suitable surfaces of the outer wall.

The elements of the switchgear can be made of any applicable material, providing the ability to obtain the desired shape and able to withstand the necessary pressure and / or temperature. So, the switchgear can be made of one material or from different materials used to make its various components. For example, the outer wall can be made of a material with higher strength than the internal components that form the inner walls of the chambers. Applicable materials include, but are not limited to, steel, aluminum, and thermosetting plastics. In the case of the use of materials susceptible to corrosion, it is also preferable to provide appropriate corrosion protection.

The outer wall preferably surrounds the inner chambers and, as described above, acts as a pressure chamber. It should be understood that the inner chambers can be completely surrounded by an external chamber, but preferably partially surrounded by an external chamber so that one of the sides of each of the inner chambers can communicate with adjacent internal elements (as described below), as well as with the inlet and outlet openings of the switchgear . Thus, the internal elements forming the walls of the inner chambers can abut against the inner surface of the outer wall or on the inner surface of a substantially flat part of the outer wall. This facilitates the manufacture of internal chambers by known methods and the provision of communication of internal elements (and, therefore, internal chambers) with inlet and outlet openings.

The internal elements are preferably elongated elements spanning at least a portion of the length of the switchgear and preferably having a wide and thin cross-section, thereby minimizing the total thickness of the switchgear. The thickness of these elements of the switchgear should be understood as the distance from the front surface of the essentially flat front of the outer wall to the rear surface of the outer wall. Obviously, the dimensions of the outer wall depend on the total thickness of the inner elements forming the inner chambers and the required dimensions of the outer chamber surrounding the inner chambers in combination with the thickness of the outer wall. The inner elements are preferably placed close to each other on the inner side of the outer wall in order to minimize the thickness of the switchgear.

The parts forming the passages and walls of the inner chambers can be made of elongated elements of a common U-shape, which, being connected in series with each other, form a series of essentially parallel chambers located between such elements.

It should be understood that the cross-section of the internal elements may have any applicable shape restricting the passages through which the fluid flow. Thus, the internal elements can be semicircular elements made by extrusion, which, being similarly connected in series with each other, form passages located between them.

The elongated chambers are formed by composing the elongated internal elements and are preferably divided in width by corresponding transverse plates to form several chambers along the length of the elongated internal element. Thus, the number of possible flow paths can be increased. The transverse plates are preferably elements whose cross-sectional shape allows hermetic separation of parts of the internal elements.

In a preferred embodiment, for separating the chambers, the transverse plates are inserted into the grooves provided in the outer wall. The transverse plates may form a wall covering the entire cross section of the switchgear, or they may form partitions covering only some of the chambers. The ends of the switchgear may be hermetically sealed with transverse plates.

The grooves in the switchgear are preferably grooves cut on both sides of the switchgear, with bridges between the two grooves providing a connection between the two segments of the switchgear separated by grooves. Cross plates may contain recesses which include jumpers. The recesses are preferably dimensioned to fit snugly against the lintels. An opening can be provided at one end of the transverse plate, opening into the recess so that the transverse plate can be partially inserted into the groove with the introduction of the jumper into the hole and rotated around the jumper to complete the insertion of the transverse plate into the groove. In this design, after the transverse plate is rotated with its insertion into the groove, the transverse plate can be shifted with sliding in the transverse direction so that the jumpers enter the recesses. A plug may be provided to close the hole. Alternatively, the opening may form a flow channel between two chambers located on opposite sides of the transverse plate.

The cross-sectional area of each of the channels in the switchgear is preferably selected in accordance with the desired level of fluid flow in each particular channel of the switchgear. In the most preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the channels should be at least comparable to the cross-sectional area of the inlet and outlet openings to which the channel is connected. Thus, the switchgear does not impose unreasonable restrictions on the passage of fluid between the components of the installation.

The internal elements are preferably interconnected (and with the corresponding dividing walls) so as to ensure a tight separation of each of the chambers from the chambers adjacent to it, with which it can communicate only through the hole or openings provided for the flow. Any suitable means corresponding to the type of materials of which the internal elements are made can be used to connect the internal elements. For example, internal elements may be joined using welding, brazing, or adhesive bonding.

When assembling the switchgear, the internal elements are preferably first tightly pressed against each other to reduce the amount of soldering or bonding required. Appropriate recesses and protrusions may be further provided in the internal elements to facilitate the placement and connection of adjacent elements.

Each of the chambers preferably comprises an opening or openings providing communication between the respective chambers to form the desired fluid channels. One or more chambers preferably comprise an opening or openings directly connected to inlet and / or outlet openings or nozzles located on the outer wall. In this way, fluid channels can be formed extending from the inlet to the first chamber and through a series of further chambers to the outlet or holes. Alternatively, the fluid channel may pass through a single chamber, i.e. from an inlet in communication with the camera to an outlet in communication with the same camera.

Thus, by creating the required messages of the inlet and outlet openings with respective chambers between which the necessary openings are provided, a fluid channel of any desired configuration can be formed. It should be understood that any combination of chambers, dividing walls and openings can be used to form a fluid channel inside the switchgear between the inlet or holes and the outlet or holes.

The switchgear may be further provided with insulation to prevent or limit heat loss by the water in the switchgear. Such insulation can be made, for example, in the form of a casing surrounding the outer wall of the switchgear and containing insulating material, for example, heat-insulating foam. Alternatively, the outer wall may be equipped with a heat-insulating layer surrounding and adjacent to the outer wall. Such a heat-insulating layer may, for example, take the form of a heat-insulating shirt.

The switchgear of the present invention is a convenient and compact means for connecting the liquid components of a system (for example, a central heating system), occupying a minimum of space. In addition, the switchgear of the present invention is a means of connecting components operating under high pressure, which can be made essentially of sheet or thin-walled materials, which simplifies its manufacture.

The dispenser in accordance with the present description may be equipped with means located in one or more chambers for directing or pumping water or for removing dirt from the water. In addition, other means may be provided in one or more chambers, for example, for monitoring parameters such as temperature, pH, etc.

For example, a circulation pump may be provided in the dispenser so that the impeller of the pump is located in one of the chambers of the dispenser to allow water to move from one chamber to another and through part of the dispenser or the entire dispenser. In addition, a valve may be provided to direct water from one or more chambers to another chamber, providing the ability to select channels for the passage of water in the switchgear.

In configurations that use a circulation pump and / or valve, the drive means of the valve or pump are preferably located outside the outer wall, with the drive element (shaft) passing through the outer wall of the switchgear used to drive the impeller of the pump or valve closure element, for example, through an inlet or outlet.

To remove dirt from the water, a filter may be provided, for example, a strainer or any other applicable filter type. However, accumulated filtered material may clog the filter and interfere with its function if the filter is not cleaned regularly. Accordingly, centrifugal or turbulent type means can preferably be used to remove dirt from the water. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a SpiroventR dirt trap manufactured by Spirotech is used, in which a cylindrical chamber containing a mesh and generating turbulence is used. Systems of this type do not use filter elements; dirt and dust in them are separated from the water under the influence of turbulence and collected in the zone of zero flow, from where they can easily be removed if necessary through an appropriate valve or pipe. In the framework of the application of the present invention, dust and dirt are most often particles of matter contained in water that can occur as a result of the deposition of materials in pipes or system components during production or construction, as well as corrosion, in particular, rusting of ferrous metals. The use of a Spirovent ^R type dirt trap allows the removal of dust or dirt containing extremely fine particles, the filtering of which is difficult even with fine filters. A collector of this type also allows air to be collected, thereby avoiding unnecessary accumulation of air in the system in which the switchgear is installed.

In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a switchgear for a central heating system, the switchgear comprising one or more passages between at least one inlet and at least one outlet, comprising forming an external housing in the form an external wall comprising a series of chambers that form a passage (s), the outer wall forming part of the wall of at least one of the chambers.

This design of the outer wall facilitates the manufacturing process of the above switchgear. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the manufacturing method comprises forming the above-described preferred switchgear elements.

The method may include limiting the volume of the elongated shape to the outer wall and installing a wall of the chambers located along the length of such a volume, with the formation of two elongated chambers. Additional chamber walls may also be provided to divide the switchgear into a larger number of elongated chambers.

One or more transverse plates can be installed across the width of the elongated chambers, dividing each chamber into shorter chambers or forming end plates of the switchgear. Cross plates may be the above plates. The method may include cutting through grooves in the switchgear for mounting transverse plates. The grooves preferably include grooves cut on both sides of the switchgear, leaving bridges between the grooves on both sides of the switchgear, the jumpers forming connections between the parts of the switchgear separated by grooves. Cross plates may contain recesses which include jumpers. The recesses are preferably dimensioned to fit snugly against the lintels. An opening opening into a recess may be provided at one end of the transverse plate.

In such a configuration, the method may include the partial insertion of the transverse plate into the groove, the jumper entering the hole, and the rotation of the transverse plate around the jumper with its introduction into the groove. Upon completion of the rotation of the transverse plate, it can be shifted with sliding in the transverse direction with the introduction of jumpers in the recesses. A plug may be inserted into the hole. Alternatively, the opening may form a fluid channel between two chambers located on either side of the transverse plate.

The design and installation method of the transverse plates allow the switchgear to be manufactured in the form of an elongated external wall, which can be obtained by extrusion and is easily divided into sections located along its length.

Between the various chambers, openings may be provided to form passages for the flow of water. To control the flow of water through such passages and through the channels provided between the inlet and outlet openings, valves can be installed.

The method preferably includes assembling the switchgear and sealing the joints by high temperature brazing (brazing) to obtain a sealed module. High temperature brazing is a process in which a non-ferrous metal or non-ferrous alloy solder is heated to a melting point (usually around 450 ° C / 800 ° F) and distributed between two or more parts that are tightly aligned to one another using a capillary effect. The molten solder metal and flux, heated to a temperature of a liquid state, interact with a thin layer of metal of the element being soldered and, when cooling, form an exceptionally strong joint, sealed due to the interaction of materials at the level of their granular structure. A high-temperature junction is a structure of several successive layers, each of which is metallurgically bonded to adjacent layers. High temperature brazing is particularly effective in water applications because it allows to obtain corrosion-resistant joints, unlike other joining methods, for example, welding.

In a preferred embodiment, high-temperature brazing is carried out by applying solder, preferably made of nickel or containing nickel, to the seams and heating the entire switchgear, for example, in a furnace. This allows you to simultaneously secure and seal the seams, to obtain a product of higher quality and reduce the time and money spent on its production.

Particularly preferred is the use of the high temperature brazing method in combination with the transverse plates described above, since in this case, fixing and sealing the walls of the chambers and the separation plates can be carried out in one operation of high-temperature soldering. In addition, the use of the grooves between the sections of the switchgear to install the transverse plates leads to the fact that the expansion of the switchgear when heated has a minimal effect on the size of the gap between the plates and the edges of the grooves. This circumstance is important for temperature soldering, since this process is strongly influenced by the size of the gap used to create the desired capillary effect.

In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a switchgear, preferably used in a central heating system, comprising at least one inlet and at least one outlet and one or more passages between said openings, the passage (s) formed (formed) by a number of chambers, while the walls of at least one of these chambers surround the remaining chambers.

In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a switchgear comprising at least one inlet and at least one outlet and one or more passages for the fluid between said openings, the passage (s) for the fluid being formed (formed) by a number of chambers, with the walls of at least one of these chambers surrounding the remaining chambers.

As discussed above, parallel elongated chambers are preferably formed from sequentially composed elongated U-shaped elements containing openings necessary to form fluid channels of a desired configuration. U-shaped elements preferably have significant width and shallow depth, i.e. the vertical sections of the U-shaped profile are significantly shorter than its horizontal section.

In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for distributing a fluid comprising two external elements located on either side of the internal element, wherein channels are provided in the internal element to define the passages between the various inlet and outlet openings provided in the external elements for guiding fluid flows through the specified device.

So, for the distribution of fluid between the components of the system can be used internal passages, which are channels in a multilayer or plate structure. External elements are connected to the internal element so that they overlap the channels and hermetically close them. The switchgear may be formed of two essentially planar external elements containing inlet and outlet openings designed to allow fluid to enter and from the switchgear. Passages can be made in the inner element by milling or using other similar technologies.

The use of switchgears of this type is particularly advantageous in cases where low throughput at low pressure is required. The manufacture of a switchgear of this type to operate at a higher flow rate and a higher fluid pressure may require the use of an external housing capable of withstanding the resulting pressure. The housing or casing should provide resistance to the separating forces directed to the separation of the two external elements and generated by the pressure of the fluid in the channels in combination with a large surface area of the channels.

In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a fluid circulation pump configured to be connected to a fluid distribution device described above comprising at least one inner chamber, the circulation pump comprising drive means and an impeller connected thereto for driving in the movement of the fluid, while the impeller during use is located inside at least one of the inner chambers of the distribution device Twa.

In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a valve configured to couple to a fluid distribution device described above comprising at least one inner chamber, the valve comprising actuating means and a valve closing element connected thereto, while the valve closing element during use, it is located inside at least one of the inner chambers.

In such a design, the closure element may, for example, cover the opening of the chamber, or, alternatively, direct the flow into the chamber, or selectively direct the flow from the chamber to one or more other chambers.

A central heating system comprising a switchgear of the type described can receive heat in the form of hot fluid (eg, water) through a heat exchanger. In such a configuration, it may be preferable to connect the primary (hot) heat exchanger circuit to a first switchgear of the type described, and the secondary (cold) heat exchanger circuit to a second switchgear of the type described. Thus, two switchgears are provided, each of which is connected to one of two heat exchanger circuits. This allows you to connect the primary circuit through the first switchgear with a heat source (heater) and connect the secondary circuit through the second switchgear with the corresponding heat consumers, for example, a radiator, a heat accumulator, etc.

It should be understood that the aspects of the invention described in this application can be conveniently and advantageously used in any appropriate combination.

Although the above description mainly relates to distribution devices used in central heating installations, it should be understood that such a distribution device can be used in other applications that require the formation of connections, as well as using other fluids other than water.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The following description of preferred embodiments of the invention contains references to the accompanying drawings, illustrating an example embodiment of the invention. In the drawings:

- figa illustrates the configuration of a pipe system for connecting various fluid components according to known technologies,

- figv illustrates a layered structure of a switchgear,

- Fig. 2A shows an exploded view of a modified switchgear according to one embodiment of the present invention,

- in Fig.2B, the complete switchgear is presented in section along the line A-A 'in Fig. 2A,

- figure 3, the switchgear assembly is presented in section along the line B-B 'in figa,

- figa presents a front view of two adjacent distribution devices,

- in FIG. 4B, the adjacent switchgear of FIG. 4A is a sectional view corresponding to line B-B 'of FIG. 2A, _

- figs presents a top view of the first and adjacent distribution devices of figa in section,

- figure 5 illustrates an alternative design of a switchgear according to the invention, made by extrusion,

- figure 6 presents in section a switchgear according to one embodiment of the invention, comprising a circulation pump and a control valve,

- figure 7 presents in section in width an alternative design of a switchgear,

- Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of another alternative construction of a switchgear,

- figa presents in longitudinal section a switchgear according to one embodiment of the invention, containing four inlet / outlet pipes and other components,

- on figv distribution device according figa presented in cross section,

- on figa distribution device similar to the device of figa and 9B, is presented in disassembled form,

- in FIG. 10B, the switchgear of FIG. 10A is an assembled sectional view,

- figure 11 presents in detail the connection of the valve depicted in figv and 10B in the circle indicated by the letter X,

on Fig presents in detail the connection of the dirt trap / air intake shown in figv in the circle indicated by the letter Y,

- on figa presents a side view of a section of a switchgear with a pump and a dirt trap installed in it,

- on figv elements in figa presented in section,

- on figs presents a right view of the section of the switchgear of figa,

- on fig.13D presents a view in section along the line C-C of figa,

on fige presents a view in section along the line D-D 'on figa,

- Fig. 14 illustrates a configuration with two identical switchgears,

- figa-15D illustrate the various steps of installing the transverse plates in the section of the switchgear,

on figa-16D presents cross-sections of a switchgear illustrating the various steps presented on figa-15D, and

- on figa and 17B are respectively a perspective view and a plan view of a switchgear with mounted transverse plates.

The implementation of the invention

FIG. 1B illustrates the construction of a multi-layer dispenser 1, enabling the connections of devices to transfer fluid in a limited volume. The distribution device contains two essentially flat external elements 2, 3, containing several inlet and outlet openings 6, 7, which are designed to enter the fluid into and out of the distribution device. The flat outer elements include a front element 2 and a rear element 3, between which the inner element 4 is located. The inner element 4 contains passages 5 that connect the inlet and outlet openings 6, 7 provided in the inner element 4 and located opposite the corresponding openings 8, 9 provided in the front element 2. When using the device, the openings 8, 9 are connected to the components of the heating system so as to form channels connecting them for fluid flows. A design similar to that shown in FIG. 1B allows the creation of relatively thin modules capable of distributing fluid between several components.

FIG. 2A is an exploded view of one half of a dispenser 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The complete switchgear consists of two elongated elements, similar to those shown in figa, located one next to the other. The following is a detailed description of the device.

As can be seen from FIG. 2A, the switchgear 10 comprises an elongated front element 11 and an elongated rear element 12 made of steel or, in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention, aluminum. The rear element 12, having a semicircular shape in cross section, is made of a steel strip bent into a profile of a substantially U-shape. The front element 11 is made of a steel sheet and provided at the ends with perpendicular sections protruding from the front element 11. As shown in the drawing, the perpendicular sections are shaped corresponding to the curvature of the rear element so that the front and rear elements can be connected to form a sealed outer casing, or external walls of the switchgear.

The wall thickness of the front element 11 is 5 mm if it is made of steel, and 10 mm if it is made of aluminum. The wall thickness of the rear element 12 is 1 mm if it is made of steel, and 2 mm if it is made of aluminum.

In the front element 11, several openings 13a-13g are provided which extend through the element and serve as input and output openings of the switchgear. Each of the holes is equipped with a corresponding pipe 14, protruding from the outer surface of the front element 11 and providing the ability to connect the necessary components or channels of the heating installation.

To form channels or passages inside the switchgear, several elements are used located inside the outer walls of the switchgear. In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2A, two internal elements 15, 16 are provided which form the walls of the inner chamber. The internal elements 15, 16 are made of steel by pressing and equipped with dividing walls 17, 18, made in the form of transverse plates, and holes 19-24.

The wall thickness of the internal elements 15, 16 is 2 mm if they are made of steel, and 3 mm if they are made of aluminum.

The switchgear is assembled as follows. First, the inner element 15 is attached to the inner surface of the front element 11, and the edges of the inner element are hermetically connected to the inner surface of the front element, for example, by welding. In this case, the first, second and third chambers are obtained (25a, 25b and 25c, respectively). The inner member 16 is likewise attached to the rear surface of the inner member 15 (as shown by arrows 26 in FIG. 2). The edges of the inner element 16 are hermetically connected to the rear surface of the inner element 15, for example, by welding, whereby a fourth chamber 27a and a fifth chamber 27b are obtained.

In this embodiment, a nozzle 28 is provided, which in the assembled switchgear extends from the front element 11 through the internal elements 15, 16 to the chamber bounded by the inner surface of the rear element 12 and the inner element 16.

In FIG. 2B, the switchgear is shown in cross section along line A-A ′ (see FIG. 2A). 2B, the front element 11, the rear element 12, and the internal elements 15, 16 are shown. In particular, the internal distribution chambers 25b, 27b and the camera 29 located between the rear element 12 and the inner element 16 can be seen in a cross section along the line AA ' From FIG. 2A, it is understood that the inner member 15 spans several holes provided in the front member 11, and the inner member 16 spans several holes provided in the inner member 15. This configuration is illustrated in more detail in FIG.

In Fig.3, the device is presented in longitudinal section along the line B-B 'in Fig.2A. Figure 3 also presents some of the elements connected to the switchgear. Their description is given below.

Figure 3 presents the front and rear elements 11, 12, as well as the internal elements 15, 16. Visible cameras 25a, 25b and 25c, formed by the inner element 15, as well as cameras 27a and 27b, formed by the inner element 16. Also presents the rear camera 29. The chambers (the configuration of which is determined by the position of the internal elements 15, 16 and the partitions 17, 18) overlap the corresponding openings 13a-13g so as to ensure the formation of flow channels into and from the respective chambers.

As can be seen in the longitudinal section shown in figure 3, each of the holes 13a-13g is connected to any of the chambers for the flow of fluid. Thus, the hole 13b is connected to the camera 25c and through it with the hole 13c. The hole 13a is likewise connected through the chamber 29 to the hole 30 located at the upper end of the switchgear. The various connections provided between the respective fluid flow chambers are clearly visible in longitudinal section shown in FIG.

Figure 3 also illustrates some of the components used in one application of a switchgear. In the configuration shown, a heat exchanger 31 is connected to the chambers 29 and 25a, a pump 32a for pumping fluid inside the chamber 25a, and a valve 33 for guiding the flow of fluid between the chambers.

A detailed description of the operation of commercially available heat exchangers, pumps and valves (which can be used in conjunction with the described switchgear) is not provided in this application.

As shown in FIG. 3, the switchgear of the present invention is a rather thin structure, i.e. the thickness of the switchgear, which is the distance from the front element to the rear element, is small.

The curvilinear shape of the rear element 12 allows you to advantageously reduce the thickness of the material necessary to ensure high pressure resistance, similar to how the cylindrical shape is optimal for high pressure tanks. Thus, the wall thickness of the element 12 can be minimized.

As shown in FIG. 2B, the internal elements 15, 16 are completely enclosed within the chamber 29 bounded by the curved rear element 12 and the front element 11. Thus, the front and rear elements 11, 12 form a wall that is exposed to atmospheric pressure from the outside, and from the inside. - pressure of the fluid contained in the device.

Due to the presence of fluid flow channels through the switchgear chambers, all chambers are essentially at the same pressure, i.e. the pressure in the chambers 25b, 27b and 29 is essentially the same. Obviously, the same statement is true for other cameras. Thus, the pressure difference on opposite sides of the walls of the internal elements 15, 16 is essentially small, which minimizes the wall thickness of each of these elements. This reduces the size, weight and complexity of the design of the components of the switchgear.

FIG. 4A is a front view of one embodiment of the present invention, in which two substantially similar switchgears 10 (illustrated in FIG. 2A) are located next to one another. In this configuration, two openings 34, 35 are provided in the second switchgear 10b for connecting, for example, to a heater. In FIG. 4B, a second switchgear 10b in which openings 34, 35 communicate with cameras located inside the switchgear, as described above with reference to FIGS. 2A and 3, is shown in longitudinal section.

FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view of switchgears 10, 10b with corresponding chambers.

A switchgear in a configuration according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention operates as follows. The hole 35 is for entering hot water coming from a heater (not shown). Hot water under the action of the pump 32b, located inside the distribution device 10b, passes through the chambers and through the primary circuit of the heat exchanger 31. Then, the return water passes from the primary circuit through the chamber 36 to the hole 34, after which the water enters the heater for heating.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the secondary circuit of the heat exchanger is connected to the first switchgear 10 shown in FIGS. 2A and 3A. The secondary circuit fluid is distributed from the heat exchanger by means of a pump 32a, by means of which it passes through the chambers of the switchgear 10 between the openings 13a-13g connected to the components of the heating system. These openings can be connected, for example, with heat accumulators, radiators, filters, pumps, additional heating equipment, etc. Secondary water then flows back to the heat exchanger for heating.

The design of the switchgear minimizes configuration complexity and the amount of materials required. The front element 11 and the inner elements 15, 16 are made of steel by pressing and welded to each other to form the above chambers. The rear element 12 is a simple piece made of bent steel.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the internal elements can also be made by extrusion (for example, aluminum or plastic with the appropriate characteristics), as shown in Fig.5.

In Fig. 5, the switchgear 10, 10a and corresponding chambers are shown in section along the line corresponding to the line A-A 'in Fig. 2A. Partitions corresponding to partitions 17 and 18 of FIG. 2A may be attached to extruded elements as necessary to form the required chambers.

5 also illustrates a complex internal profile that can be obtained by extrusion. The extrusion method can be applied to form both internal and external elements of the switchgear, which can also be a single elongated element made by extrusion.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5, a wall 37 and supports 38 defining a cavity 39 surrounding the switchgear are further provided in the switchgear. The cavity is filled with insulating material, providing isolation of the switchgear from the effects of external conditions.

Obviously, all the channels for fluid flow between the chambers provided in the described embodiments of the invention cannot be seen in each of the transverse sections due to the location of the corresponding holes and the plane of the section. However, it should be understood that the chambers are connected to each other so as to provide fluid channels between the inlet and outlet ports of the components in accordance with the intended use of the switchgear.

It should also be understood that to obtain the desired configuration of the channels for the fluid inside the switchgear, any arrangement of internal elements, holes and partitions can be used and that the distinctive features of each and every one of the embodiments of the invention described in this application can be used individually or in combinations.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a dispenser of the present invention comprising a circulation pump and a hydraulic valve. The circulation pump 32a and valve 33 of the same type as in FIG. 3 are shown in enlarged view in FIG. 6.

The circulation pump 32a comprises a main body 40, within which an electric motor is located (electrical connections not shown). The electric motor is mechanically connected to the drive shaft 41, which, in turn, is connected to the impeller (paddle) wheel 42. The impeller is equipped with several blades that push the fluid during rotation of the wheel.

As can be seen from the drawing, the main body is connected to the front element 11. The impeller is located in the first chamber 43, which contains a hole 44 connecting it to the second chamber 45.

6 also shows a valve 33 comprising a housing 46 and a drive shaft 47 connected to the closure 48. Housing 46 includes an electric motor (or mechanical actuator) that drives the closure upon receipt of control signals from a control system (not shown).

The closure element 48 is located inside the chamber 43 and is designed to allow fluid to flow from the first chamber 43 into the third chamber 49.

Thus, it is obvious that through the use of appropriate closing elements, a valve of the type shown in FIG. 6 can be used to selectively enable or disable the flow of fluid through channels of various configurations formed inside the switchgear in accordance with the incoming control signals.

Arrow 50 indicates the direction of fluid flow from chamber 45 through the impeller 43 to the valve closure member 47.

The design shown in FIG. 6 can be duplicated in the second, parallel switchgear shown in FIG. 4B.

In an alternative design that does not include a pump in chamber 43 and an opening 44 connecting chambers 43 and 45, the closure 48 can exit into chamber 45 due to the corresponding opening between chambers 45 and 49 and can be used to selectively direct flows from chambers 42 and 45 into the chamber 49 (or in other directions defined by these cameras). In this design, this valve can serve as a mixing valve.

Figures 7 and 8 show alternative configurations using an elongated switchgear divided into elongated chambers. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the outer wall of the switchgear is formed by two hollow sections 11, 12 of a U-shape, with open ends to each other, between which a partition 15 is provided. Thus, two chambers are formed. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 8, the U-shaped sections directed to the same side, similar to those shown in Fig. 7, are stacked, and another section of the U-shaped section facing in the opposite direction is attached to bottom section of the stack. Thus, in this design, three chambers are formed, separated by inner walls 15 of the chambers and bounded externally by an outer wall formed by two extreme sections and parts of the middle sections.

On figa presents in longitudinal section a distribution device containing three elongated chambers: the upper chamber 43, the middle chamber 45 and the lower chamber 49. In the three elongated chambers (or layers) there are additionally provided partition walls (similar to the partitions 17 and 18 of figa ) in the form of transverse plates and holes. Three such transverse plates are provided in chamber 43 and five such transverse plates in chamber 45. The transverse plates are shown in more detail in FIGS. 10A and 10B, which illustrate an embodiment of the invention similar to the embodiment in FIGS. 9A and 9B. Four I / O pipes pass through the cameras, incl. the supply pipe 60, the return pipe 61, the lower pipe 62 of the heat accumulator and the upper pipe 63 of the heat accumulator. The fact that the I / O pipes pass through the cameras makes it possible to connect on both sides of the switchgear. This also enables the use of several switchgears connected in parallel, as described below with reference to FIG. 14, which makes installing more than one switchgear more convenient. In the case of installing several parallel switchgears, pipes 60-63 not only serve as pipes for connecting to specific items of equipment, but also act as ordinary pipes from the point of view of other collectors. Circulating pumps 32 are connected to both ends of the upper chamber. Each of the pumps 32 comprises an inlet 64 and an outlet 65, as well as an impeller 66.

The supply pipe 60 connects the middle chamber section 45 to the upper chamber section 43. The return pipe 61 and the lower heat accumulator pipe 62 connect another section of the middle chamber 45 to another section of the upper chamber 43. The upper heat accumulator pipe 63 is connected to the lower chamber 49.

As seen from figv, which shows a side view of the structure of figa in a plane located between the return pipe 61 and the lower pipe 62 of the heat accumulator, chambers 43, 45 and 49 are formed by two walls 15, 16 of the chambers. The first chamber wall 15 is a hollow U-shaped member facing open to the outer wall and thus bounding the upper chamber 43. The second chamber wall 16 is a smaller U-shaped hollow member facing open to the first wall chamber and thus bounding the middle chamber 45. The lower chamber 49 represents the remaining volume bounded by the outer wall.

Two valves 33a, 33b are provided for adjusting the flow rate of the fluid. The left valve 33a is a two-way valve that controls the flow of fluid between the upper and middle chambers. The right valve 33b is a three-way valve that controls the flow of fluid between all three chambers 43, 45, and 49. A dirt trap / air collector 67 is provided to remove air and dirt from the fluid.

The switchgear, shown in disassembled form in FIG. 10A, is similar to that shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, but with the reverse arrangement of the upper and lower heat accumulators 62, 63 and a different configuration for connecting the dirt trap / air collector 67. In FIG. 10A, the openings and the transverse plates of the partitions 17, 18, which together with the main walls of the chambers limit the various channels of the switchgear. In FIG. 10B, the switchgear of FIG. 10A is an assembly in longitudinal section.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 10A and 10B, various parts and connecting channels are arranged as follows. The upper, middle and lower chambers 43, 45 and 49 are bounded by the first chamber wall 15, the second chamber wall 16 and the outer wall 102. In the assembled switchgear, the first chamber wall 15 faces the outer wall 102, and the second chamber wall 16 faces the first wall 15 cameras similar to the configuration shown in figv.

The lower chamber 49 is connected to the hot water source through an inlet pipe (not shown) provided on the side surface of the outer wall 102. An opening 103 connects the lower chamber 49 to the section 45a of the middle chamber 45 located on the left side of the drawings. Finally, the lower chamber 49 can be connected to the right-hand section 45b of the middle chamber 45 by means of a three-way valve 33b, which also connects to the upper chamber section 43b. The right section 45b of the lower chamber is connected to the right circulation pump through the pump inlet port 64.

The pump inlet 64 connects the left section 45a to the left circulation pump, and the outlet pipe 65 of the same pump releases fluid to the left section 43a of the upper chamber 43. The communication between the section 43a and the first central section 45c of the middle chamber is regulated by a two-way valve 33a. The central section 45c of the middle chamber is connected to the central section 43c of the upper chamber through a large opening 104, wherein the combined section 43c-45c is connected to the flow nozzle 60.

The return pipe 61 and the lower accumulator pipe 62 are connected to a second central section formed by a right upper section 43b extending into the central region of the upper chamber 43 and a second central section 45d of the middle chamber which are connected by a large opening 105. As discussed above, the second central section 43b the upper chamber can be connected to the right section 45b of the middle chamber, and through it to the inlet port 64 of the pump and to the lower chamber 49 through a three-way valve 33b.

At the right end of the upper chamber 43, the end section 43d is connected to the pump outlet 65 and communicates through an opening 108 with a filter or dirt trap chamber 109 formed at the right end of the middle chamber 45 and the lower chamber 49. As seen in FIG. 10B, the chamber 109 is connected to the output chamber 110 of the filter and through it with the outlet 107, providing connection to the heater.

Thus, in one of the possible operating modes, hot water enters the lower chamber 49 through the inlet pipe and passes under the action of the left pump through the two-way valve 33a into the supply pipe 60. The pipe 60 can then provide hot water to the installation components connected to the distribution device . Water returns from the components of the installation through the return pipe 61 and can pass through the three-way valve 33b and the right pump into the filter chamber, and then flow back to the heater through the outlet 107.

The upper and lower heat accumulator pipes 62, 63 make it possible to supply hot water to the accumulator from the lower chamber 49 through the upper heat accumulator pipe 62 and return cold water to the heater from the lower heat accumulator pipe 63 through a three-way valve 33b, the right pump, filter chamber, and outlet 107. In an alternative embodiment, the upper pipe 63 of the heat accumulator can be used to supply hot water to the lower chamber 49 to enable the use of stored heat instead of using hot water entering through the inlet pipe.

11 illustrates in detail the connection of the three-way valve 33b shown in FIG. 9B or 10B in the circle indicated by the letter X. The valve 33b connects the upper chamber 43, the middle chamber 45 and the lower chamber 49. The valve 33b includes a housing 46, a drive shaft 47 and a closing element 48. In the configuration shown, relatively hot water is in the lower chamber 49, and relatively cold water is in the upper chamber 43. Pumps 32, provided at both ends of the switchgear, drive water through a three-way valve in which water is mixed. Thus, the valve acts as a mixer valve for cold water from the upper chamber 43 and hot water from the lower chamber 49. The piston 48 located in the center of the valve is movable; when it is in the upper position, it blocks the flow from the upper chamber 43, and when it is in the lower position, it blocks the flow from the lower chamber 49. The piston 48 can be moved by the shaft 47 or by any other known means. In addition, as a three-way valve, a valve of any known design can be used - for example, the rotary valve shown in Fig.6.

Fig. 12 illustrates in detail the connection of a dirt trap / air collector 67 shown in Fig. 9B in a circle marked with the letter Y. A collector 67 is known as a micro-bubble deaerator, which allows even extremely small air bubbles (micro-bubbles) to separate from water. Similar or similar technologies are also used to collect dirt, from large to extremely fine particles. For example, systems of one of the known types are supplied by Spirotech Ltd. called "Spirovent ^R ". As can be seen in FIG. 12, the collector 67 has an input / output communicating with the middle chamber 45 and a similar input / output communicating with the chamber 43, as a result of which water passes through the filter / collector. The input / output communicating with the chamber 43 is provided with several relatively small holes surrounding the manifold 67.

On figa-13E presents an alternative configuration of the dirt trap 67, as well as a pump 32 installed in one of the sections of the switchgear, similar to those shown in figa and 10B. The pump 32 is similar to that described above and contains an inlet pipe 64 that draws fluid from the middle chamber 45, and an outlet pipe 65 that injects fluid into the upper chamber 43. The inlet pipe 69 of the dirt trap 67 is connected to the upper chamber 43, and the dirt trap extends to a part of the middle and bottom chambers. The outlet pipe 71 of the dirt trap 67 discharges fluid from the switchgear and delivers it to the other components of the installation. As described above, similar designs can be used to collect air and microbubbles. Preferably, an automatic air release valve is used to exhaust the air in the air intake structure. Likewise, means should be installed to eliminate collected dust; for example, a widely used method is to install an additional exhaust valve at the bottom of the dirt trap 67.

As shown in FIG. 14, the switchgear of FIGS. 9-13E can be used in a two switchgear configuration in which each of the switchgear 68 comprises two parallel switchgears and a heat exchanger installed between them, as shown in FIG. 4A. Pipes 60, 61, 62, 63 pass through both switchgears 10, and for each of the switchgears, an individual connection 73 to the heater is provided. This configuration has significant advantages in the case of using several heaters, especially if the heaters are thermoelectric plants that require precise individual adjustment of the heating and, therefore, the use of separate heating circuits. Installation of this configuration is facilitated by the fact that it requires only direct pipe connections.

Figa-15D and the corresponding figa-16D illustrate the various stages of installation of the transverse plates 74 in the section of the switchgear. Transverse plates divide the switchgear across the width of its elongated chambers to form shorter chambers or form the end walls of the switchgear. To install the transverse plates 74, grooves 77 are provided in the switchgear. For simplicity of illustration, the end of the switchgear is not shown in FIGS. 15A-15C and FIGS. 16A-16C. The end of the switchgear is shown in FIG. 15D, whereby a short protrusion 78 is provided at the end to form a groove 77. The grooves are cut on both sides of the switchgear, and bridges 79 are left between them to fasten the two parts of the switchgear. Each of the transverse plates 74 contains recesses 75, which include jumpers 79, and an opening 80 located at one edge of the plate.

To install the transverse plate 74 into the switchgear, the transverse plate 74 is partially inserted into the groove 77, with the jumper 79 entering the hole 80, as shown in FIGS. 15A and 16A. Then the transverse plate is rotated around the jumper, introducing it into the groove 77 to the position shown in figv and 16B. Upon completion of the rotation of the transverse plate 74 with its entry into the groove 77, it is shifted in the transverse direction so that the jumpers 79 enter the grooves 75, and the plate has taken the position shown in figs and 16C. A plug 81 may be inserted into the hole 80.

The transverse plate may include an opening allowing fluid to flow between the chambers; in this case, it forms a partition for only one of the cameras. A transverse plate 74 with such an opening is shown in FIG. 15A. If necessary, protrusions 83 can be provided to place the transverse plate in place.

On figa and 17B switchgear, similar to that shown in figa-15D and figa-16D, with installed transverse plates 74 is presented, respectively, in perspective and in plan. In the illustrated case, the transverse plate is mounted in the center of the switchgear.

In the case illustrated in the above drawings, the transverse plate 74 is a substantially flat rectangular plate. However, it can also be a plate with protrusions and connecting brackets for connection with other components, as, for example, in the case of the end transverse plate used in the embodiment of the invention of FIGS. 10A and 10B.

The above switchgear is made by installing the elements of the switchgear and sealing the joints by high temperature brazing to form a sealed module. A solid solder is placed on the seams, using nickel or nickel-based solder, after which the entire switchgear is heated in an oven. The solder melts and penetrates the seams under the action of capillary forces, which ensures the consolidation and sealing of the seams.

Claims (22)

1. A distribution device for distributing water in a central heating system having at least one inlet and at least one outlet, and one or more passages between said openings, the passage (s) being formed (formed) side by side chambers enclosed in an outer casing formed by an outer wall that forms part of the wall of at least one of the chambers, and on the inside of which the first chamber wall is located, wherein the chambers are formed by volumes enclosed between the outer wall and the first wall of the chamber, and the thickness of the outer wall is greater than the thickness of the first wall of the chamber. 2. The switchgear according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer wall forms a pressure chamber, which restrains the pressure inside the switchgear. 3. The distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer wall is made of a material with higher strength than the material of the first chamber wall. 4. The distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first wall of the chamber is an element of a substantially U-shaped section that faces a part of the outer wall to form the inner chamber, the remaining volume bounded by the outer wall forming the outer chamber . 5. The distribution device according to claim 4, characterized in that it contains a second chamber wall, wherein the second chamber wall is an element of a substantially U-shaped section that faces a portion of the first chamber wall to form a second inner chamber. 6. The distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an elongated shape and contains elongated chambers. 7. The distribution device according to claim 6, characterized in that the elongated chambers are divided into shorter chambers or are hermetically closed at the ends by transverse plates. 8. The distribution device according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one of the transverse plates is fixed in the grooves cut in the outer wall. 9. The distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of inlets and outlet openings, allowing water to flow into and out of the switchgear. 10. The distribution device according to claim 9, characterized in that it is arranged to ensure that water flows between the inlets and the outlets through a plurality of passages provided in the distribution device for distributing water. 11. The distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains solder joints to ensure the tightness of the chambers. 12. A method of manufacturing a switchgear for a central heating system, the switchgear comprising one or more passages between at least one inlet and at least one outlet, comprising forming an outer casing in the form of an outer wall incorporating a series of chambers that form a passage (s), and the formation of a chamber wall on the inside of the outer wall to form the chambers, the outer wall forming part of the wall of at least one of chambers, and the thickness of the outer wall is greater than the thickness of the chamber wall. 13. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that it includes forming from the outer wall of the chamber of high pressure, enclosing other chambers. 14. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that it includes limiting the outer wall of an elongated volume and dividing the volume enclosed inside the outer wall along the length of the switchgear with the formation of elongated chambers. 15. The method according to 14, characterized in that it includes the installation of a transverse plate across the width of the elongated chambers for their separation into shorter chambers or for the formation of the end plate of the switchgear. 16. The method according to p. 15, characterized in that it includes the eruption in the switchgear grooves for installing the transverse plates. 17. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that the grooves include grooves cut on both sides of the switchgear, leaving bridges between the grooves on both sides of the switchgear, the jumpers forming connections between the parts of the switchgear, separated by grooves. 18. The method according to 17, characterized in that it includes a partial input of the transverse plate into the groove, and the jumper enters the hole provided in the transverse plate, the rotation of the transverse plate around the jumper with its introduction into the groove and the sliding movement of the transverse plate along the groove with the input jumpers in the recesses provided in the transverse plate. 19. The method according to p. 18, characterized in that it includes the installation of plugs in the hole provided in the transverse plate. 20. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that it includes assembling a switchgear and sealing the seams to form a sealed module. 21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the sealing is carried out by applying solder to the seams and heating the entire switchgear. 22. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 21, characterized in that the switchgear described in any one of claims 1 to 11 is manufactured.

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