RU2431020C1 - Bucket of open-mine hydraulic excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: bucket comprises a front wall, onto which teeth are fixed by bolts, a rear wall and two side walls. The front wall and the teeth are made as cast from high-manganese austenite steel, the rear wall is made as one-piece with eyes for bucket suspension from steel with high viscosity and high strength at low temperatures, is equipped with a fixator of the bucket suspension axis in the form of a cylindrical rod, the upper part of which is made as a truncated cone, the angle between the generatrices of the cone and the cylinder is ~15°, side walls are made of low-alloyed steel for critical sheet structures, each side wall is equipped with a pair of pads from high-manganese austenite steel installed at the ends of the side surface.

EFFECT: development of a bucket for a hydraulic open-mine excavator having high-strength properties by application of optimal materials and treatment methods that make it possible to reduce the manufacturing cycle, simplified repair of the bucket.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining machines used in the development of mineral deposits in an open way, and more particularly to hydraulic mining excavators with working equipment such as a backhoe. The backhoe is the most versatile working equipment, provides high precision bucket positioning and tipping dump buckets are commonly used.

Known working equipment of a single-bucket hydraulic excavator (Patent RU No. 2121041, IPC E02F 3/40. Publ. 1998.10.27) containing a handle on which the bucket is pivotally mounted. The bucket consists of a movable rear wall, bottom and side walls. On the movable rear part, sockets are made, which include latches installed on the side walls of the bucket. Fixing the rear wall of the bucket allows you to avoid partial unloading of the bucket from the soil during its development and thus increases the performance of the excavator.

Famous hydraulic mining shovel RH 340, TEREX | O & K (TEREX Brochure | O&K GmbH Karl-Funke-Str. 36, D-44149, Dortmund, Germany, pp. 3, 5, 7), whose bucket consists of the upper part - the rear wall of the bucket, the lower - the front part of the bucket and side walls. The bucket and its components are made welded. The bucket design is equipped with reinforcing elements such as plates made of heavy-duty material to protect the inner and outer surfaces of the rear and front walls; teeth, consisting of an adapter and a crown made of heavy-duty material, of the same material, cutting of the cutting edge between the teeth and heavy-duty coating of the side walls of the bucket.

But during operation, especially on soils of category IV and V, this hardening is not enough, the bucket lasts no more than six months, abrasive wear of the front wall occurs and the tooth crowns break off.

As a prototype, a bucket of a hydraulic mining excavator was selected (K. Kirillov “Backhoe shovels” (Removable working equipment of hydraulic excavators), fixed assets, 2008, No. 10 ”), consisting of a rear wall, two side walls , front wall with a visor and teeth in the form of an adapter - crown. All parts of the bucket are interconnected by welding. The bucket is made of marked certified steel, which can be cut using a modern oxy-fuel cutting apparatus. On a bending machine, the rear wall of the bucket is shaped accordingly. The ladle is welded by semi-automatic welding machines. Fork teeth are used, which are bolted to the cutting edge, or crowns worn on adapters welded to the bucket and secured with a special pin.

The duration of operation of heavy buckets of mining excavators depends on the production technology. The wear rate of working equipment (teeth, crowns, bucket cutting edges) is affected by: properties and structure of the surface layer of metal (chemical composition of steel) interacting with the material being processed; heat strengthening (heat treatment methods, shaping methods, manufacturing methods used - forging or casting); properties of the processed material (hardness, strength, particle size, degree of uniformity).

The disadvantages of the prototype bucket, the parts of which are connected by welding, even when choosing steel with optimal strength characteristics, include: warpage of the product that occurs at a low welding speed due to the large heating zone of the metal, local heterogeneity of the weld and burnout of alloy components from alloys in the welding zone during time of oxidative processes. This significantly reduces the strength characteristics of the bucket, and given the above tooth flaws (adapter - crown), buckets often fail.

The technical task of the invention is the creation of a bucket of a hydraulic mining excavator with high strength characteristics through the use of optimal materials and processing methods to reduce the manufacturing cycle, as well as simplify the repair of the bucket.

The technical problem is solved by performing a bucket of a hydraulic mining excavator in the form of a structure containing a rear and side walls, as well as a front wall on which teeth are cast, bolted from high-manganese austenitic steel; the rear wall of the bucket is made of solid with the eyes of the bucket suspension made of steel of high viscosity and strength at low temperatures, equipped with a latch for the axis of the suspension of the bucket in the form of a cylindrical rod, the upper part of which is made in the form of a truncated cone, the angle between the generatrices of the cone and cylinder is ~ 15 °. The side walls are made of low alloy steel for critical sheet structures, each side wall is equipped with a pair of plates of high manganese austenitic steel mounted on the ends of the side surface.

The bucket, the main components of which, namely the front wall and teeth, are made of solid cast from high manganese austenitic steel, and the rear wall is made of solid cast with eyelets made of steel of high viscosity and strength at low temperatures, has a high resistance to abrasive wear combined with ductility and strength. Solid cast structures of the rear and front walls, in contrast to the known analogues, are not subjected to deformation during welding, therefore, the metal retains its structure, which increases the durability of the bucket. The area of greatest bucket stresses is the welded joint of the rear and front walls; therefore, steels have been selected that can be welded in a wide range, including low temperatures, and the weld on these steels does not require additional heat treatment (tempering).

The use of low alloy steel for critical sheet structures for side walls allows to obtain a high-quality welded joint of the litho-welded construction of the bucket, which is subject to the requirements of high viscosity and strength. And the use of linings made of high manganese austenitic steel protects the side walls from abrasion.

In general, the construction of the excavator bucket, the main parts of which are cast, and the welded joints are used minimally, in comparison with the known analogues, has greater rigidity and is less prone to deformation, i.e. possesses greater strength and durability.

The bucket undergoes wear when hitting and sliding over the rock on almost the entire surface, and the greatest efforts occur on the teeth and the cutting edge, taking into account the size and power of the buckets of mining excavators, the execution of the teeth with solid cast and the presence of overlays on the side walls simplifies repair and reduces its time.

The implementation of the rear wall of the cast-with-the-bucket suspension eyes allows you to get a rigid structure, reduce stress at the connection points and ensures alignment of the eyes, which is quite difficult to achieve when welding them.

The execution of the upper part of the clamp in the form of a truncated cone facilitates its installation in the hole on the rear wall, and the angle between the generatrices of the base and the upper part of the clamp ~ 15 ° is optimal.

Thus, the combination of materials and the execution of parts make it possible to obtain a bucket of a hydraulic mining excavator with high strength characteristics, which corresponds to the technical task.

Figure 1 shows the bucket of a hydraulic mining excavator side view. Figure 2 is a top view of the bucket (rear wall 3). Figure 3 - latch suspension of the bucket.

The ladle of a hydraulic mining excavator (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) contains a solid-cast front wall 1, on which solid-cast teeth 2 are mounted with a bolt, and a rear wall 3, solid-cast with the eyes of the bucket 4. The side walls 5 are connected by welding to the front 1 and rear 3 walls, forming a rigid welded-cast structure. Lining 6 made of high manganese austenitic steel is installed on the ends of the side walls 5. On the rear wall of the bucket 3 there is a latch 7 that protects the bucket from involuntary rotation of the axis of the suspension of the bucket, in the eye of the suspension of the bucket 4 there is a hole 8 for the latch 7. The latch 7 is installed in the hole 8 Bucket assembly process.

The working cycle of mining hydraulic excavators backhoe with independent drive of the boom, bucket and handle includes sequentially deepening the boom into the pit while positioning the handle, loading the bucket by turning it relative to the handle, deepening the boom while turning the handle and turning the bucket to prevent soil spilling. Then turn the platform with the working equipment, unload the bucket by turning it relative to the handle. When loading the bucket, its rear 3 and front wall 1 on the cutting edge, on which the teeth 2 are mounted, go deep into the rock and take the blow from rolling large pieces of rock along the inner surface of the bucket, in addition, the inner surface of the bucket is abraded when the rock glides during unloading . During passage through the rock, during loading, the outer surface of the front wall of the bucket 1 is subjected to wear upon impact and sliding. The use of a one-piece front wall 1 and teeth 2 made of high manganese austenitic steel, which has an optimal combination of impact strength - strength, allows to increase the resistance to impact and abrasion, i.e. extend bucket life.

The outer sides of the bucket 5 are subject to wear when impacting the bottom and sliding along the rock along the inner and outer surfaces, and the stress concentration at their ends. Pads 6 made of high manganese austenitic steel 6 protect the side surfaces 5, extend its life, and the possibility of replacing them simplifies the repair of the bucket.

Thus, the proposed bucket hydraulic mining excavator has a high resource of quality, which ensures uninterrupted operation of the excavator.

Claims (1)

A hydraulic excavator bucket containing a front wall on which teeth, a rear and two side walls are bolted, characterized in that the front wall and teeth are cast from high manganese austenitic steel, the rear wall is made of one-piece cast steel with high viscosity and strength steel bucket suspension eyes at low temperatures, equipped with a latch for the axis of suspension of the bucket in the form of a cylindrical rod, the upper part of which is made in the form of a truncated cone, the angle between the generatrices of the cone and cylinder ~ 15 °, the side walls are made of low alloy steel for critical sheet structures, each side wall is equipped with a pair of plates of high manganese austenitic steel mounted on the ends of the side surface.

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