RU2430964C1 - Low-temperature glass-cleaning liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: liquid contains the following in wt %: isopropyl alcohol 10-30, ethyl carbitol 2-10, nonionic surfactant 0.01-0.10, polyatomic alcohol 0.02-0.10, substance, water - the rest. The polyatomic alcohol is preferably glycol and the amino alcohol is triethanolamine. ^ EFFECT: low freezing point of aqueous solutions of isopropyl alcohol, high cleaning power, low total content of low-temperature ingredients and cost of the product. ^ 3 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to detergent compositions intended for cleaning hard surfaces, including glasses.

Recently, in connection with the introduction of excise taxes on technical and denatured ethyl alcohols, isopropyl alcohol began to be used. Despite the fact that isopropyl alcohol is inferior to ethyl alcohol in toxicity (hazard class 3), corrosion safety (corrosion activity is higher than that of ethyl alcohol), it has an unpleasant odor, today it is the only available solvent for use in automotive glass-washing low-temperature liquids and in other household products.

However, compared with ethyl alcohol, to ensure the same freezing point of the aqueous solution, a higher concentration of isopropyl alcohol is required. To ensure a freezing temperature from minus 25 ° C to minus 30 ° C, isopropyl alcohol will require approximately 10-15% more.

In order to lower the freezing point of aqueous solutions of isopropyl alcohol, it is advisable to introduce low-temperature components.

A known composition for cleaning glasses (RU 2051957 C1, 1992), including a nonionic surfactant (nonionic surfactant), polyhydric alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and water in the following ratio, wt.%:

Nonionic surfactants 1-10 Polyhydric alcohol 25-40 Isopropyl alcohol 10-25 Water rest

Ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol is used as the polyhydric alcohol.

To ensure a low freezing temperature of this composition with the content of isopropyl alcohol in an amount of 10-25 wt.%, The introduction of a large amount (25-40 wt.%) Of polyhydric alcohol (ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol) is required, i.e. the total content of low-temperature components is 35-65 wt. .%.

This composition is an effective cleaner. However, its use as a windshield washer fluid for automobile glasses is associated with such a drawback as closing the visibility through the glass due to the formation of a large amount of foam and greasy stains on the glass due to the presence of a significant content of nonionic surfactants and polyhydric alcohol.

The present invention is the development of a low-temperature glass-washing liquid based on isopropyl alcohol, devoid of the disadvantages of the prototype due to the additional content of ethylcarbitol, which can significantly reduce the content of nonionic surfactants and polyhydric alcohol and expand the possibilities of using this liquid.

The invention provides a low-temperature glass washing liquid, including isopropyl alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, a nonionic surfactant and water, additionally contains ethyl carbitol in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:

isopropyl alcohol 10-30 ethyl carbitol 2.0-10.0 nonionic surfactant 0.01-0.10 polyhydric alcohol 0.02-0.10 water rest.

Advantageously, the liquid additionally contains amino alcohol in an amount of 0.01-0.03 wt.%, Perfume in an amount of 0.02-0.20 wt.% And dye in an amount of 0.0002-0.0006 wt.%. It is advisable to use glycol (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc.) as a polyhydric alcohol, and triethanolamine as an amino alcohol.

Given the total content of isopropyl alcohol and ethylcarbitol (12-40 wt.%), The freezing temperature of the glass-washing liquid is from minus 7 ° C to minus 40 ° C. To ensure the indicated freezing point of a liquid without ethylcarbitol, 14 to 68% by weight of isopropyl alcohol would be required.

Nonionic surfactant increases the wetting and cleaning ability of the liquid. At concentrations of nonionic surfactants above 0.1%, the effectiveness of the action of nonionic surfactants does not increase. Therefore, increasing the concentration of nonionic surfactants more than 0.1% wt.% Is impractical.

Polyhydric alcohol in this composition serves as a softener, eliminating the creaking of brushes.

Amino alcohol helps eliminate the corrosive effects of isopropyl alcohol on coatings, rubber parts and metal parts of the car body.

The use of ethylcarbitol in refrigerants is known (Barannik VP, Marinyuk BT, Ovcharenko B.C., Afonsky VP New refrigerant, features and prospects of application. Refrigeration business, 2001, No. 1. Ethylcarbitol).

At the same time, ethyl carbitol in aqueous solutions with a concentration of up to 10 wt.% Is not effective; when the concentration of ethyl carbitol 30 wt.% the freezing temperature of water decreases by only 5 °, that is, the freezing temperature of an aqueous solution of ethyl carbitol with a concentration of 30% wt. is only minus 5 ° C.

It was unexpectedly found that in aqueous solutions of isopropyl alcohol the effectiveness of ethylcarbitol in lowering the freezing point is significantly higher.

When ethylcarbitol is introduced in an aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol (with a concentration of 10-30 wt.%) In an amount of only 5 wt.%, The freezing temperature of the solution decreases by 2-10 ° С, when 10% ethylcarbitol is introduced, it decreases by 5-15 ° С (in the same concentration range of isopropyl alcohol).

The introduction of ethylcarbitol in an amount of less than 5 wt.% Isopropyl alcohol into an aqueous solution is ineffective, more than 10 wt.% Is impractical, since the efficiency of lowering the freezing temperature of solutions with increasing ethylcarbitol content decreases.

Lowering the freezing point of aqueous solutions of isopropyl alcohol with the introduction of ethyl carbitol up to 10% is more effective than with the introduction of the same amount of other low-temperature liquids: ethyl, methyl alcohols, glycerol, glycols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol).

The melting point of ethylcarbitol (minus 78 ° C) is higher than that of isopropyl alcohol (minus 89.5 ° C). Consequently, the effect of ethylcarbitol can be explained by a decrease in the interaction between isopropyl alcohol molecules, which leads to a decrease in the freezing temperature.

To achieve the same freezing point with the introduction of ethylcarbitol, the total concentration of low-freezing ingredients in an aqueous solution is reduced (table 1).

Table 1 The freezing temperature of an aqueous solution, ° C Mass fraction in an aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol with ethylcarbitol,% The total mass fraction in an aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol with ethylcarbitol,% Mass fraction of ethylcarbitol. % 2.5 5,0 7.5 10.0 Minus 15 24 24 24 26.5 27 Minus 16 27 25.5 25 26.5 28 Minus 20 34 28.5 28 thirty thirty Minus 25 45 34 32 33.5 34 Minus 28 49 37 35 36 36

Table 2 shows the freezing temperature of aqueous solutions of isopropyl alcohol with the introduction of ethylcarbitol from 2.0 wt.% To 10 wt.%.

table 2 Mass fraction of isopropyl alcohol in solution,% The freezing temperature of the solution, ° C, with the content of ethylcarbitol in the solution, wt.% 0 2.5 5,0 7.5 10.0 10 minus 4.5 minus 6 minus 6.5 minus 7 minus 9 fifteen minus 8 minus 9 minus 10 minus 11 minus 12 twenty minus 11 minus 13 minus 16 minus 17 minus 20 22 minus 13 - - - - 25 minus 15 minus 19 minus 23 minus 25 minus 27 27.5 minus 17 - - - - thirty minus 18 minus 24 minus 28 minus 30 minus 40 34 minus 20 - - - - 40 minus 24 - - - -

As follows from the results shown in table 2, with the introduction of ethylcarbitol, the total concentration of isopropyl alcohol and ethylcarbitol (to achieve the same freezing point) is less than the concentration of isopropyl alcohol in the solution without adding ethylcarbitol.

The corrosive activity of the glass-washing liquid due to a decrease in the concentration of isopropyl alcohol also decreases.

The most optimal is the concentration of ethylcarbitol 5 wt.%, Providing a minimum total content of low-freezing components in an aqueous solution.

In other cases, the amount of ethylcarbitol introduced into the solution will be determined by the price ratio of isopropyl alcohol and ethylcarbitol.

Low-temperature glass washing liquid does not emit toxic products, it is safe for the environment.

The cleaning ability of a low-temperature glass-washing liquid is not lower than 98%.

The low-temperature glass-washing liquid does not foam when washing the glass, does not leave stains or films on the glass.

The ingredients are mixed at room temperature.

Example 1. To prepare 500 kg of a low-temperature glass-washing liquid, 389.7 kg (77.94 wt.%) Of water are poured into water 100 kg (20 wt.%) Of isopropyl alcohol, 10 kg (2 wt.%) Of ethyl carbitol, 0.05 is added kg (0.01 wt.%) nonionic surfactants (neonol), 0.1 kg (0.02 wt.%) ethylene glycol, 0.05 kg 90.01 wt.%) triethanolamine, 0.1 kg (0.02 wt. .%) perfumes and 1 g (0.0002 wt.%) of the dye. The solution is stirred for 10-15 minutes. The solution is homogeneous, transparent. Freezing temperature minus 14 ° С. Cleaning ability 98%. On car windows does not leave streaks, films, etc.

Example 2. To prepare 500 kg of low-temperature glass-washing liquid in 298 kg (59.6 wt.%) Water is poured 150 kg (30 wt.%) Of isopropyl alcohol, 50 kg (10 wt.%) Of ethyl carbitol, 0.5 kg (0.1 wt.%) of neonol (nonionic surfactants) and ethylene glycol, 0.15 kg (0.03 wt.%) of triethanolamine, 1 kg (0.2 wt.%) of perfume and 3 g of dye. The solution is stirred for 10-15 minutes. The solution is homogeneous, transparent. Freezing temperature minus 32 ° С. The cleaning ability is 99.8%. On car windows does not leave streaks, films, etc.

Similar results are obtained when other glycols are used as polyhydric alcohols: diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and also in the absence of target additives - amino alcohol, perfume and dye.

Low-temperature glass-washing liquid is environmentally safe, has high cleaning properties, does not leave stains and films on the glass, does not form foam when washing windows, does not damage the paintwork of the car body, does not cause corrosion of metal and rubber parts and can be used as glass-washing liquid and cleaning means.

The presence of ethyl carbitol in the composition leads to a decrease in the freezing point of an aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol, a decrease in the total content of low-temperature ingredients in the composition, and cheaper products.

Claims (3)

1. Low-temperature glass washing liquid, including isopropyl alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, nonionic surfactant and water, characterized in that it additionally contains ethyl carbitol in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
isopropyl alcohol 10-30 ethyl carbitol 2.0-10.0 nonionic surfactant 0.01-0.10 polyhydric alcohol 0.02-0.10 water rest 2. The liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains amino alcohol in an amount of 0.01-0.03 wt.%, Fragrance in an amount of 0.02-0.20 wt.% And dye in an amount of 0.0002- 0,0006 wt.%. 3. The liquid according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains glycol as a polyhydric alcohol, and triethanolamine as an amino alcohol.