RU2428774C1 - Transmitting linear magnetic antennae (lma) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering. ^ SUBSTANCE: transmitting linear magnetic antenna contains ferromagnetic magnetic conductor consisting of many ferrite P-type or PM-type bowls, each of which has inner hole for formation of through central axial channel inside which DC cable is located, dielectric framework enveloping outer surface of magnetic conductor and above which there arranged is winding of external solenoid with single-layer spiral winding representing flat K-core cable in which cores are laid in parallel; at that, each core is arranged in insulating cover and has the possibility of formation of separate series resonance circuit. When PM-type ferrite bowls are used in magnetic conductor, inside each of them there located is single-layered "internal" winding, the combined connection of which forms "internal" solenoid forming series resonance antenna circuit of "internal" solenoid with addition of capacitor. ^ EFFECT: providing high radiation efficiency, enlarging pass band, possibility of application in digital information transfer systems, and reducing technical and financial costs. ^ 9 cl, 4 tbl, 17 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radio engineering, in particular to a transmitting linear magnetic antenna. It can be applied using discrete phase shift keying (PSK - Phase Sift Key) in Transmitting Systems of Moving Objects (FSS) emitting electromagnetic waves in the frequency range (ELF, VF, VLF, LF) of frequencies from 300 hertz (wavelength λ = 1000 km ) up to 60,000 hertz (wavelength λ = 5 km) located in the depths of the sea, under ice or in the ground, in the airspace above a water, ice or earth surface within the so-called “near zone” (within the distances D≤λ / 2π).

Antennas consisting of an external winding around a ferrite rod in one layer are known in the art (EP 2048738, 04/15/2009; JP 7303006, 11/14/1995; JP 59006602, 01/13/1984; US 7034767, 04/25/2006; RU 2145137, 27.01. 2000; RU 2160947, 12.20.2000).

In European application No. 2048738 it is disclosed that the ferrite rod of the receiving antenna is hollow, while the ferrite rod may consist of tightly connected ferrite ring parts and radio components are located inside it.

A communication system is known for use in the lower part of the radio frequency range of a parametric magnetic dipole antenna. This antenna includes an elongated magnetic core, mainly formed from a dense hexagonal bundle of ferrite rods, each of which is assembled end-to-end from ferrite cups having a longitudinal hole, forming a central-axial channel extending along the entire length of the corresponding ferrite rod. The solenoid winding, which is tightly adjacent to the outer surface of the magnetic circuit, is located in the central part of the antenna, and the alternating "pump" control current flowing through the winding, extending along the longitudinal-axial channel of the magnetic circuit rod, creates a circulating variable "pump" magnetic flux in each rod, orthogonal magnetic flux created in it by an external antenna solenoid. This alternating "pump" control current is phase-coherent with the current flowing through the coil of the antenna solenoid (US 4458248, July 3, 1984).

The disadvantages of this device are the requirement for the use of power amplifiers on a carrier frequency with a high voltage (reaching hundreds of kilovolts) output voltage with a current amplitude reaching tens and hundreds of amperes, insufficient radiation efficiency and not wide enough bandwidth for the possibility of using digital information from a moving object in transmission systems or a moving object in the environments indicated above.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of this invention is:

- in the use of low-voltage power amplifiers,

- in ensuring high radiation efficiency (not less than 25%),

- in the expansion of bandwidth and, accordingly,

- the possibility of use in digital information transmission systems.

- to reduce the technical and financial costs of building such an LMA or system, of them, while creating the same advantages when building a “transmitter” using industrial low-voltage samples of Integrated Operational Power Amplifiers (IOUM).

In order to be able to use modern IOUM as current sources creating a magnetic field in the magnetic circuit of the LMA body, only one cylindrical composite ferrite rod is used, and the single-layer winding of the external cylindrical shape of the solenoid is made flat "stranded" (n-copper in electrical insulation "cores", n = 2, 3, 4, ...) by cable.

In order to increase the BW bandwidth and reduce the "load" resistance when operating at the selected carrier frequency f, each of the n "cores" of the external solenoid winding forms a separate (sequential) resonant (oscillatory) circuit using a separate capacitor or a set of them, i.e. an n-loop antenna circuit is used, tuned to the resonant frequency of the “carrier”.

In order to increase the power of emitted electromagnetic waves, the “artificial synthesis” of the Vector Umov-Poynting Vector in the transmitting antenna is used in the space between the lateral surface of the magnetic circuit and the extending inner surface of the external solenoid frame of the Vector Umov-Poynting (“Artificial Synthesis” (SFA) of the Hertz type electric dipole, is described in US 5155495, 10.10.1992, and US 5495259, 27. 02.1996, in the latter - two external solenoids symmetrically located on the sides with their magnetic circuits that create a magnetic field inside and above the central external solenoid, inside which there is a container filled with a mixture of “magnetic and electrically active” substances) using P-type ferrite cups. And when using PM-type cups in a cylindrical ferrite rod of the LMA magnetic circuit, an additional solenoid formed from single-layer windings in the PM-type internal cavity of ferrite cups is used for additional “artificial synthesis” of the Vector Umov-Poynting.

To reduce the influence of nonlinear effects arising in the material of the LMA magnetic circuit and to transmit digital information when modulating the signal of frequency f of the “carrier”, discrete manipulation of its phase from a pre-prepared discrete set of them is used, namely QPSK or HPSK, where QPSK is a four-phase modulation with a fixed set of four phases with an interval of 95 degrees, and HPSK - sixteen-phase modulation from a fixed set of sixteen phases with an interval of 22.5 degrees.

To increase the total radiation power, this transmitting linear magnetic antenna (LMA) can serve as an element of two-dimensional or three-dimensional antenna systems with phase-matched switching on and parallelism of the axes of their magnetic circuit using matrix formations from modern IUM as current sources for such an antenna system.

The specified technical result is achieved in a transmitting linear magnetic antenna containing:

a ferromagnetic magnetic circuit, consisting of a plurality of ferrite cups, each of which has an internal hole for forming a through central axial channel, inside which there is a constant current control cable,

a dielectric sheath (frame) covering the outer surface of the magnetic circuit and over which an external solenoid with a single-layer spiral winding is placed, which is a flat, at least two-core (K-core cable, where K = 2, 3, 4, ... n) cable, in which the conductors are laid in parallel, each core being placed in an insulating sheath and allows the addition of an external capacitor or a group of external capacitors a separate series resonant circuit with a series connection One or two (if balanced interconnect) resonance capacitors.

In the formation of an LMA magnetic circuit, P-type or PM-type ferrite cups are used, located close to each other. The outer diameter of the ferrite cup determines the diameter of the LMA magnetic circuit, the value of which is selected depending on the required radiation power of the LMA.

When forming an LMA magnetic circuit from PM-type ferrite cups, a single-layer spiral “inner” winding is placed inside each. The combined connection of the “internal” windings of ferrite cups of the PM type of the LMA magnetic circuit forms an “internal” LMA solenoid. This "internal" solenoid in the presence of an external capacitor or group of external capacitors forms a series resonant circuit of the "internal" LMA solenoid.

To increase radiation efficiency, the length of the magnetic circuit is selected at least 20-30 times greater than the diameter of the external LMA solenoid. Whereas the length of the external solenoid, located symmetrically in the central part of the LMA, should be from one third to half the length of the magnetic circuit.

The LMA additionally contains a single-turn loop made of a coaxial cable for feedback of the "closed loop automatic regulation of the natural resonant frequency" of the antenna loop. This single-turn loop tightly envelops the surface of the external solenoid in its central part, and the alternating voltage induced in it is proportional to the magnitude of the voltage arising on one turn of the external LMA solenoid.

To unambiguously find the “operating point” on the magnetization curve of the LMA magnetic circuit and to smoothly substitute the effective value of the resonant frequency of the LMA antenna circuit, a constant control current I _{0 is used} that passes through the control cable threaded through the centrally axial channel of the LMA magnetic circuit.

From the source http://www.pacificsites.com/~broke/FA.shtm1: the following classification of subbands in the lower part of electromagnetic waves is accepted in the USA:

a) ULF is a sub-band of wavelengths in free space from 100,000 km to 10,000 km (from 3 hertz to 30 hertz, respectively), while the "official users" of the following frequencies are indicated:

7 hertz - “Schumann fundamental”;

13 hertz - ((Schumann second harmonic ";

16 2/3 hertz - ((Mains Power Grid ».

b) ELF is a sub-range of wavelengths in free space from 10,000 km to 1,000 km (from 30 hertz to 300 hertz, respectively), while the "official users" of the following frequencies are indicated:

45 hertz - “Sub coms”;

50 hertz and 60 hertz - "Main Power Grid";

76 hertz - ((SANGUINE - Project ELF. "

c) VF is a sub-range of wavelengths in free space from 1000 km to 100 km (from 300 hertz to 3000 hertz, respectively);

d) VLF is a sub-range of wavelengths in a consolidated space from 100 km to 10 km (from 3,000 hertz to 30,000 hertz), while the “official users” of the following frequencies are indicated:

from 10,000 hertz to 15,000 hertz - Earth Whistlers;

from 11 900 hertz to 21000 hertz - “ Coms SW RTTY”;

11,904.7761 hertz; 12,648,809 hertz; 14,880.952 hertz - RSDN-20 is the Omega global marine navigation system;

21,400 hertz - " NNS - another NNS page off the air";

from 14,000 hertz to 30,000 hertz - " Navy sub corns ".

e) LF is the sub-range of wavelengths in free space from 10 km to 1 km (from 30,000 hertz to 300,000 hertz, respectively), while the "official users" of the following frequencies are indicated:

from 30,000 hertz to 60,000 hertz - " Navy sub corns ";

60,000 hertz - WWVB Time ...

From the above list for LMA there is a huge field of application.

In order to use when penetrating radiation created by the LMA to a great depth of the sea, or at great distances in the marine environment, when the LMA is located inside it, it is preferable to use the frequency of the electromagnetic "carrier" f less than 13,000 hertz.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 and figure 3 shows the equivalent circuit of the balanced "bridge" connection of the outputs of the pair of IOUM with a double-circuit resonant circuit of the antenna circuit of the LMA, the winding of the external solenoid which is made with a flat two-wire cable;

in Fig.2 and Fig.7 is a diagram of a double-circuit resonant antenna circuit of an external LMA solenoid with biphasic excitation, the winding of the external solenoid of which is made by a flat two-core cable;

figure 4 is a graph of the frequency spectrum emitted by the LMA in the open space, recorded using the Frame Antenna for a fixed one of m (m = 4, or m = 16) discrete values of the phase of the frequency f of the "carrier";

5 is a view of the frequency response (to determine the passband BW at the resonant frequency fo = 46.76 kHz) of the antenna circuit of the LMA;

Fig.6 is a picture of the orientation of the electric (E _φ ) and magnetic (H _ρ and H _θ ) components of the electromagnetic field in open space when representing the LMA in the form of a Hertz elementary magnetic dipole;

in Fig.8 is a schematic diagram of a balanced single-circuit inclusion of the winding of an external solenoid made by a flat two-core cable;

Fig.9-11 is a General view of the LMA in the context when using ferrite cups of P-type and PM-type, when, for simplicity, the winding of the external solenoid is made of a flat four-core cable containing two full turns;

in Fig.12 is an equivalent diagram of a four-loop antenna resonant circuit of the winding of the external LMA solenoid, made in one layer with a flat four-core cable;

13 is a partial sectional view of a pair of ferrite cups of a PM type of a fragment of an LMA magnetic circuit formed from a PM type of ferrite cups;

on Fig - connection diagram of a single-layer winding of an external LMA solenoid made by a flat K (K = 4) core cable when connecting it To lived in the form of a serial single-circuit (k = 1) resonant circuit to a pair of IUM, with a balanced (bridge) connection scheme their exits;

Fig - LMA with the number of cores K = 4 of a flat cable winding of an external LMA solenoid forming an antenna resonant circuit in the form of two (k = 2) consecutive resonant circuits, with a balanced circuit connecting each antenna circuit to its pair of IOUM;

in Fig.16 - LMA with the number K = 4 cores of a flat cable of the winding of the external solenoid, forming an antenna circuit in the form of four (k = 4) consecutive resonant circuits, each of which is connected in a balanced circuit to its pair of IOUM;

Fig is a General block diagram of a transmitting device, including a generalized scheme for connecting the LMA to the functional blocks that ensure the normal optimal functioning of the LMA.

As an illustration, the parameters of one of the laboratory models of LMA (LMA # 5) are described. The LMA # 5 model has in its central part a single-layer winding of the external solenoid made by a flat two-core cable, with the number of turns N = 126. An equivalent simplified circuit for turning on its external solenoid during the formation of a double-circuit resonant antenna circuit of the LMA is shown in Fig. 1. Therefore, the external LMA solenoid consists of two parallel wound single-layer electrically isolated spiral windings with the number of turns N1 = N2 = 126. The ends of each of these two parallel windings through a pair of constant capacitors C01 and C02 for one of them and C11 and C12 for the other are connected “in concert” and parallel through a 20-meter two-wire cable to the outputs of a pair of Integrated Operational Power Amplifiers (IOUM). At the inputs of the IOUM pair, an equal in amplitude harmonic signal of the "carrier" frequency in antiphase is supplied. Figure 1 shows that each of the two parallel windings with their pair symmetrically at the ends of the two capacitors located form their own serial resonant circuit of the antenna circuit, although they are connected in parallel to the pair of IOUM, the outputs of which are connected via a "bridge" circuit to the double-circuit resonant antenna chains. C01 = 8.901 nF, C02 = 8.839 nF, C11 = 8.835 nF, C12 = 8.841 nF. The electric capacitance of the mentioned constant capacitors was measured using a Tensly 6401 Databridge precision digital meter at a frequency of 1 kHz.

For model LMA # 5, capacitors C01 and C11 are located in the left sealed plastic rectangular box, and capacitors C02 and C12 are located in the right. Each of these capacitors is formed by a set of modern high-voltage small-sized capacitors connected in parallel and sequentially with a loss tangent of the order of 3 * 10 ^-4 in the frequency range up to 1,000,000 Hz at an operating voltage of 900-1800 volts with a nominal value from 1.2 nF to 470 nF. This allowed the creation of capacitors C01, C02, C11, C12, capable of operating in the frequency range of at least 100,000 hertz, with a loss tangent not worse than 3 * 10 ^-4 , with an amplitude of alternating current up to 10 amperes and with an amplitude of alternating voltage up to 3600 volts.

Capacitors C01 and C11 form the resulting resonant capacitance C1 ^∗ = 4.42 nF for the first series circuit, and C11 and C12 form C2 ^∗ = 4.43 nF for the second series circuit of the antenna resonant circuit of the external LMA solenoid. For the right and left sides of the ends of the windings of the external solenoid, capacitors C03, C13 on the left and C04, C14 on the right are additionally connected in series to each "core" of the two-wire cable. This is done in order to bring the effective value of the natural resonant frequency f _{o of the} antenna circuit closer to the desired value of 51200 hertz. As a result, the measured value of the equivalent resonant resulting capacitance C1 = 4,300 nF in the first series resonant circuit of the external LMA solenoid, and in the second C2 = 4,413 nF.

As a result, the equivalent circuit of the double-circuit resonant antenna circuit of an external bi-phase excitation LMA solenoid can be represented as shown in Fig. 3, where C1 and C2 are equivalent capacitances, and r1 and r2 are equivalent loss resistances of the first and second resonant circuits of the external LMA solenoid. Naturally, the winding formed by each residential flat two-wire cable of the external LMA solenoid is equivalent to the inductances L _eff 1 and L _eff 2, respectively, of the first and second resonant circuits of the antenna circuit of the external solenoid, fed in antiphase by coherent sources of a harmonic signal of frequency “carrier”. Accordingly, the right IOUM is presented in the form of a circle in figure 3 with the number 0 inside, and the left IOUM - a circle with the number 180 inside. This is the equivalent circuit of the balanced "bridge" connection of the outputs of the IOUM pair of the double-circuit resonant circuit of the external solenoid of the LMA antenna circuit. For each IUM, a total alternating current flows with a frequency of the “carrier” f from the pair with an amplitude value of I _m [A].

This total current creates, using N = 126 turns of the winding of a flat two-wire wire of an external LMA solenoid in the magnetic circuit and inside of it a worn jacket, a longitudinal alternating frequency f “carrying” a magnetic field with an amplitude value of H _m [A / m], being the inducer of electromagnetic radiation into the surrounding space of the LMA.

From figure 2 it can be seen that each adjacent coil of the coil of the external solenoid (that is, the cable core) is under voltage equal to the amplitude value of the voltage arising on a single winding, which ensures uniform distribution of the longitudinal magnetic field strength in the LMA body and the circulating electric field around body LMA. Typically, such a circuit uses not one IUM in each circuit, but a pair of IUMs, the outputs of which are connected by a balanced bridge circuit.

A constant current I ₀ [Adc] flows through both IOUMs during bipolar supply of a pair of IOUMs from two pulsed DC voltage sources - E [Vdc] = - 24.1 and + E [Vdc] = + 24.1.

The two mentioned the same type of pulsed DC voltage sources are made with output terminals isolated from the housing, so that each of them can be a source relative to the ground terminal or a source of positive or negative DC voltage. These are pulse sources of stabilized constant voltage, each of which can provide a constant current level of up to 5.6 Adc when setting the output voltage in the range of 23.8-24.8 Vdc. At their input, an alternating voltage of 50-60 hertz can be applied within the effective voltage value of 110 or 230 V (rms).

Two IOUM modules are made on the low-noise ultra-linear Integrated Operational Power Amplifier of the National company type LF3886. Each of the IOUM pair can give out at least 68 watts in the “active” load in the range from 0 to 500,000 hertz with harmonic harmonic distortion not worse than 10 ^-4 . Each module using this IOUM provides operation in the frequency range of ULF, ELF, VF, VLF from 10 hertz to 100,000 hertz with a record linearity in its amplitude response and a record low noise level, including phase noise. A schematic diagram of such an IOUM module has been developed. A printed circuit board was developed, several printed circuit boards were made, on which the applicant independently manufactured several such pairs of IOUMs, two of which are in a PA # 2 two-channel power amplifier, the sealed solid-cast housing of which is made of aluminum alloy, which is also a radiator that removes heat from the inside out. The other two are located, including the aforementioned two DC voltage sources, in the conventionally named two-channel bi-phase power amplifier PA # 1.

The PA # 1 power amplifier is placed with control and measuring equipment in the room at a distance “in a straight line” of at least 15 m from the installation site of the LMA in another room. Model LMA # 5, connected to a PA # 1 power amplifier in accordance with the equivalent circuit of FIG. 1, with a 20 m long cable.

This cable is similar to the cable used in the manufacture of the winding of the external solenoid, but the diameter of its copper core wire is 1.3 mm.

Inside a cylindrical dielectric sheath (pipe), the outer diameter of which is de = 50 mm and the inner diameter of di = 32 mm, with a length of 2 m, a ferrite cylindrical magnetic core (rod) with a central through axial hole (channel) is placed. It is made in accordance with the technology of patent US 4458248.

The length of the ferrite cylindrical magnetic core (rod) lm [m] = 1.92. Its outer diameter is dm [cm] = 3, its inner diameter is dmi [mm] = 5. The effective cross section of the magnetic circuit (rod) Fm [sq. mm] = 272. The effective volume of the magnetic circuit Vm [cubic mm] = 616421. It contains 202 ferrite cups of the “P” type, grade A-30 M-30, with a relative initial magnetic permeability of their material of 3200 and a saturation induction of 350 tT (3500 gauss). The length of the winding of the external solenoid 1c [m] = 1.1. The diameter of one core (copper) dw [mm] = 1.82 in a polythene shell. The distance between the centers of the cores [mm] = 3.4. The height of the flat winding (flat two-core cable in isolation) [mm] = 5. Width (one turn) of a flat two-core cable of the winding of the external solenoid [mm] = 8.

The electric capacitance measured with a Tensly 6401 Databridge at a frequency of 1000 hertz between two cores of the winding of the external solenoid LMA # 5 is 1489 nF, the equivalent parallel loss resistance is R = 9.5 MΩ at its Q factor Q = 90.

The measured value with a Tensly 6401 Databridge at a frequency of 1000 hertz of electrical capacitance between any core flat cable of the winding of an external solenoid LMA # 5 and a cable wire threaded through its central axial channel of the magnetic circuit is 158 nF, its quality factor is 90, and the equivalent parallel loss resistance equal to 40 megohms.

For both cores of the coil of the external solenoid, measurements using the Tensly 6401 Databridge at a frequency of 1000 hertz gave the following results:

- in the presence of a magnetic circuit, the inductance of one individual winding (core) L1 = 1.149 mH, in the absence of Lo1 = 0.045 mH (that is, the relative magnetic permeability is 25.5). The series loss resistance is ra1 = 0.239 Ohms, and the quality factor Q1 = 28.69.

In the presence of a magnetic circuit, the inductance of the second (core) winding L2 = 1.149 mH, the series loss resistance ra2 = 0.251 Ohms.

Inductance of the wire threaded through the central axial channel (DC “winding” windings), La rad = 0.764 mH, series loss resistance ra rad = 0.112 Ohm, and Qa rad = 37.1.

The diameter of the wire along copper draw = 4 mm, threaded through the axial channel of the magnetic circuit, and its length is 2 m.

The measured value of the inductance formed by the coordinated series connection of the windings of the external solenoid is La = 4.586 mH, the series loss resistance is ra = 0.434 Ohms, and the quality factor is Qa = 59. The calculations give the value of the magnetic coupling coefficient between the two (cores) windings of the external solenoid ka = 0.995, and the value of the mutual induction Ma12 = 1.143 mH.

That is why in a double-circuit switching circuit, the effective value of the inductance of each (core) winding of the external solenoid is actually two times higher than the measured value of its individual inductance.

If we take the value of the specific resistance of the copper wire equal to 0.0175 Ohm · sq. Mm / m, then the direct current resistance rwc1 = rwc2 = 0.146 Ohm of a single core of an external solenoid winding with a length of 21.77 m with a section of 2.6 conductors on copper sq. mm This is half the measured value at a frequency of 1000 hertz. At a frequency of 1000 hertz, the value of the loss tangent for a given core material does not exceed 0.002, and the equivalent loss resistance in the core material should not exceed 0.029 Ohms.

The calculated DC resistance value of the core of the 20-meter cable connecting the LMA to the PA # 1 power amplifier is 0.527 Ohms. Its measured value at a frequency of 100 hertz was 0.576 Ohms, and at a frequency of 1000 hertz it was 0.577 Ohms.

At a frequency of 25,700 hertz, the equivalent loss resistance of one core in this 20 m cable was 0.6 Ohms, and at a frequency of 51,500 hertz was 1 Ohm. This is explained by losses due to "eddy currents", losses in the insulation material of a single core and in the material of the outer sheath of this 20-meter flat two core cable.

In the ferrite magnetic circuit of the body LMA # 5, when it is connected to the IOUM in accordance with the above diagram of Fig. 1, as the signal increases at the IOUM input, nonlinear processes that change the magnetoelectric properties of the LMA (its inductance, mutual inductance, Q factor, and therefore its own resonant frequency).

To study this phenomenon, experiments were conducted, the results of which will be given below.

Io [Adc] - direct current consumed by a pair of IOUM from power supplies + E and -E.

Uout [V peak] - the amplitude value of the voltage at the output of the IOUM pair, measured by a two-channel oscilloscope "Oscilloscope 3502C".

Uin [mV rms] is the effective voltage value from the output of the “Track generator” of the signal analyzer ”Hp 3581A Wave Analyzer.

Umret [V rms] is the effective value of the “feedback” voltage induced in a small single-turn frame, which is located in the central part of the external LMA solenoid made of a 75 Ohm RG-6 coaxial cable. The total length of this cable in this case is 20 m. The length of this cable forming this single-turn shielded loop is 0.2 m, and the “coupling” coefficient is 0.91. The effective area of this “feedback loop” is 0.00318 sq.m. At the end of this RG-6 cable there is a 2.0 dB “pad” (attenuator) and a 75 Ohm 2-watt terminal when connected to the Hp 3581A Wave Analyzer input, which measured the “feedback voltage” in V rms and in dBV.

The main parameters measuring the magnetic component of electromagnetic radiation from LMA receiving "Frame Antennas" (Loop Antennas), conventionally called LA # 1, LA # 2.

They are flat square multi-turn frames with a side length of 0.5 m. The windings are laid in a plastic frame of rectangular cross section: the width is 15 mm and the height is 10 mm. The windings are made with an insulated wire with a diameter (copper) of 0.315 mm. The number of turns of NLA # 2 is 25, and NLA # 1 is 100. Measured with a Tensly 6401 Databridge at a frequency of 1000 hertz, the values of the series equivalent inductance and equivalent resistance for LA # 1 are respectively 16.24 mH and 44.2 Ohms, and for LA # 2 - 1.256 mH and 11.2 ohms, respectively.

The alternating voltage ULA # 1 arising at the output of LA # 1 is applied to one of the inputs of the 16-bit Pico Technology Limited Virtual Instrument ADC-216 analog-to-digital converter, which has a record low (-130 dBV) level of intrinsic noise and which is connected to USB - port of a portable personal computer HP Compaq Presario 2500. By the peak of the spectrogram, the frequency and amplitude value of the recorded signal in dBV were determined (as shown in figure 4).

The recorded signal LA # 1 from LMA # 5 was measured.

Measured using a precision selective voltmeter "electric signal analyzer" HP 3581A Wave Analyzer with a resolution of BW = 3 hertz:

a) the amplitude of the signal Uin [mV] from its “Track generator”, applied to the input of the power amplifier PA # 1:

b) the amplitude value of the signal from the "feedback loop" model LMA # 5,

c) the bandwidth of the BW antenna circuit LMA,

d) the effective natural resonant frequency f _{o of} the LMA antenna circuit for various values of the output voltage of the “Track generator” applied to the input PA # 1.

The measurement results are summarized in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Uin Uret Out I ₀ f ₀ Bw GULA # 1

Heff ULA # 1 E [V / m] [mV] [V] [V] [Adc] [Hz] [Hz] [m] [V] 10 0.48 0.1 0.2 50009 362 -44.76 5998.9 0.026 0.006 0.22 10 0.46 0.5 0.2 50016 361 -43.66 5998.1 0.026 0.007 0.25 52 1.55 2.4 0.5 49828 584 -34.16 6020.7 0.026 0.020 0.75 one hundred 2.35 4.7 0.7 49724 761 -30.32 6033.3 0.026 0.030 1.17 200 3.55 9.3 1.0 49651 563 -25.90 6042.2 0.026 0.051 1.95 315 4.60 14.5 1.4 49625 1173 -24.34 6045.3 0.026 0.061 2.34 440 6.85 20.0 1.7 49756 1312 -21.50 6029.4 0.026 0.084 3.23 500 6.30 22.5 1.8 49852 1314 -21.14 6017.8 0.026 0.088 3.36 625 7.60 28.5 2.2 50156 1366 -20.46 5981.3 0.026 0.095 3.61 700 8.30 32.0 2.4 50472 1369 -19.62 5943.9 0.026 0.104 3.95 880 9.20 36.0 2.7 51023 1508 -19.92 5879.7 0.027 0.101 3.78 880 9.20 36.0 2.7 51100 1508 -19.62 5870.8 0.027 0.104 3.90 880 9.20 36.0 2.7 51200 1508 -19.76 5859.4 0.027 0.103 3.83 880 8.20 36.0 2.7 51300 1508 -19.92 5848.0 0.027 0.101 3.76 880 8.20 36.0 2.5 51200 1508 -20.42 5859.4 0.027 0.095 3.55

- длина волны, a Heff[m] - действующая «высота» Рамочной Антенны LA#1, E[V/m] - значение напряженности «электрической составляющей» электромагнитного поля в точке регистрации LA#1, H[A/m] - значение напряженности магнитного поля в центре Рамочной антенны LA#1.Where

is the wavelength, a Heff [m] is the effective "height" of the Frame Antenna LA # 1, E [V / m] is the value of the "electric component" of the electromagnetic field at the registration point LA # 1, H [A / m] is the value magnetic field strength in the center of the LA # 1 Antenna.

H [A / m] = E [V / m] / W ₀ , where W _o = 377 Ohms.

The calculated values of the LMA # 5 parameters in Table 2, 3, 4,

TABLE 2 Uin L1 L2 Leff La p1 p2 peff ULa Im1 Im2 [mV] [mH] [mH] [mH] [mH] [Ohm] [Ohm] [Ohm] [Vpeak] [A] [A] 10 2.355 2.295 1.162 4.649 740 721 365 94 0.13 0.13 52 2.373 2.312 1.171 4.684 743 724 367 90 0.12 0.12 one hundred 2.383 2.322 1.176 4.704 744 725 367 304 0.41 0.42 200 2.390 2.328 1.179 4.718 745 726 368 460 0.62 0.63 315 2.392 2.331 1.181 4.723 746 727 368 695 0.93 0.96 440 2.379 2.319 1.174 4.698 744 725 367 901 1.21 1.24 500 2.370 2.310 1.170 4.680 742 723 366 1341 1.81 1.85 625 2.342 2.282 1.156 4.623 738 719 364 1234 1.67 1.72 700 2.312 2.253 1.141 4.566 733 715 362 1488 2.03 2.08 880 2.263 2.205 1.117 4.468 725 707 358 1625 2.24 2.30 880 2.256 2.198 1.113 4.454 724 706 357 1801 2.49 2.55 880 2.247 2.190 1.109 4.437 723 704 357 1801 2.49 2.56 880 2.238 2.181 1.105 4.419 721 703 356 1801 2.50 2.56 880 2.247 2.190 1.109 4.437 723 704 357 1606 2.22 2.28

where peff [Ohm] is the effective value of the wave impedance of the antenna circuit of the LMA # 5 model. Ceff = C1 + C2. Ceff = 8.713 nF, Leff [mH] is the effective value of the inductance of the external LMA solenoid,

L1 [mH], L2 [mH] - the equivalent value of the inductance of the first and second windings of the external solenoid LMA # 5.

ULa [Vpeak] - the amplitude value of the voltage across the winding of the external solenoid LMA # 5. Im [A peak] = Im1 [A] + Im2 [A] is the amplitude value of the total current flowing through the LMA # 5 winding.

TABLE 3 Uin Bw Im [A p [A / Hd Ud Hm [mV] Q [Hz] peak] peff Im / io sq.m] [mA / m] Q ∗ [mV] [A / m] 10 187.98 361 0.26 52 1.29 1.025 0.223821 138.5 0.00703 05.16 52 37.53 584 0.25 52 0.49 0.986 0.215305 85.3 0.00676 15.33 one hundred 64.58 761 0.83 52 1.18 3.330 0.727001 65.3 0.02284 51.54 200 49.75 563 1.25 52 1.25 5.056 1.103848 88.2 0.03468 78.02 315 47.94 1173 1.89 52 1.35 7.642 1.668389 42.3 0.05241 117.80 440 45.04 1312 2.45 52 1.44 9.876 2.156164 37.9 0.06774 153.04 500 59.61 1314 3.66 52 2.03 14.679 3.204626 37.9 0.10068 228.34 625 43.29 1366 3.39 51 1.54 13.418 2.929456 36.7 0.09203 211.29 700 46.51 1369 4.11 51 1.71 16.086 3.511822 36.9 0.11033 256.49 880 45.15 1508 4.54 fifty 1.68 17.378 3.793862 33.8 0.11919 283.18 880 50.04 1508 5.04 49 1.87 19.233 4.198908 33.9 0.13191 314.35 880 50.04 1508 5.05 49 1.87 19.195 4.190707 34.0 0.13165 314.97 880 50.04 1508 5.06 49 1.87 19.158 4.182538 34.0 0.13140 315.58 880 44.60 1508 4.50 49 1.80 17.109 3.735195 34.0 0.11734 280.73

TABLE 4 Uin Rn Prad [W] Rad Pout Po [W] Pterm [W] reff r [Ohm] [mV] [Ohm] [Ohm] [W] [Ohm] 10 0.51 0.13 3.97 0.02 9.64 9.62 1.94 2.64 52 2.03 0.17 5.61 0.06 10/24 04/24 9.77 4.30 one hundred 2.90 1.52 4.46 0.99 33.74 32.75 5.69 5.62 200 3.76 3.70 4.73 2.94 48.20 45.26 7.40 4.17 315 4.90 10.27 5.76 8.73 67.48 58.75 7.68 8.70 440 5.91 14.72 4.89 17.79 81.94 64.15 8.15 9.68 500 5.46 28.16 4.20 36.61 86.76 50.15 6.15 9.66 625 6.64 30.48 5.31 38.11 106.04 67.93 8.41 9.92 700 6.93 35.21 4.17 58.60 115.68 57.08 7.78 9.82 880 7.05 42.19 4.09 72.64 130.14 57.50 7.93 10.58 880 7.14 38.53 3.03 90.71 130.14 39.43 7.14 10.55 880 7.13 41.16 3.23 90.89 130.14 39.25 7.13 10.51 880 7.12 39.70 3.10 91.07 130.14 39.07 7.12 10.47 880 8.00 12/12 3.76 81.01 120.50 39.49 8.00 10.51

where - Rn [Ohm] is the load resistance of the antenna circuit of the external solenoid LMA # 5, Prad [W] is the radiation power, Pout [W] is the output power PA # 1, and Po [W] is the power consumed from constant voltage sources + E and -E, r [Ohm] is the loss resistance in the winding circuit of the external LMA solenoid.

Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of connecting a single-layer winding of an external solenoid of an LMA model made by a flat two-core cable with a number of turns N = 126 using a serial balanced single-circuit resonant circuit connected to two IOUMs with a bridge method for connecting their outputs. Precision resistances Rt1, Rt2 (equal in a particular case to 0.47 Ohm) made it possible to determine the frequency spectrum, shape, magnitude and phase of the “magnetization” current flowing through the windings during the LMA test. The signal from these resistances made it possible to detect the resonant frequency f ₀ and determine the passband BW (at the level of - 3dB). The author, as in the previous case, uses standard integrated operational amplifiers of the National company, in particular, LM3886, as IOUM, which, when powered from the two mentioned stabilized switching sources of constant voltage of supply +24.2 volts and -24.2 volts at constant current up to 5.6 amperes make it possible to achieve an alternating voltage at the output of the IOUM (below the boundary of the visible on the amplitude of the output voltage limit of the IOUM, for example, using an oscilloscope) with an amplitude of 44 volts and with resonance in the antenna circuit to reach the amplitudes of the “magnetizing current” up to 4 amperes when each IUM consumes from direct current power sources up to 2.6 amperes.

When performing a single-layer winding of the external LMA solenoid with a flat two-wire cable, the antenna resonant circuit remains a sequential single-circuit resonant circuit, even if there are no capacitors C03, C13 and resistance Rt1, Rt2, as can be seen from the equivalent circuit of Fig. 8. But in order to be able to determine the frequency spectrum, shape, magnitude and phase of the voltage on the solenoid in its central part, it is necessary to place the “feedback loop” mentioned above in one turn, made of a high-frequency coaxial cable, during the LMA test. The signal from this “loop” just below the operating voltage on a single turn of the winding allows you to detect the moment of resonance of the antenna circuit as a whole, the resonant frequency f ₀ , determine the passband BW (at level - 3dB) with a balanced circuit for connecting the antenna circuit to the IOUM outputs. Instead of the missing mentioned “control” resistances (as shown in Fig. 8), the end of one of the windings is connected to the beginning of the other. With the connection diagram of Fig.7:

a) the magnetic circuit is magnetized twice by the current flowing in the circuit,

b) between the windings there is a voltage equal to the voltage reached on each of the windings in the process of resonance, which creates a constant electric field strength between each corresponding adjacent coil of these two windings,

d) the actual inductance of each of the windings is twice as high as the measured value of an individual winding, as if it doubles the magnitude of the magnetic permeability of the LMA magnetic circuit,

d) the actual resonant inductance of the antenna solenoid is four times greater than the measured value of each of the windings individually,

f) when tuning into resonance the frequency of the antenna circuit with the frequency of the “carrier” emitted by the LMA of the electromagnetic wave, the amplitude value of the voltage on each winding is higher by half the quality factor Q ∗ (> 30) of the antenna circuit than the amplitude value of the voltage supplied to the antenna circuit with output IOUM. It can practically reach several thousand volts. This fact makes it possible to use "low-voltage" IOUM as power sources for the LMA antenna circuit. In plastic boxes are modern small-sized standard capacitors connected in a certain way (series and parallel), each of which has a loss tangent of less than 0,0003 at an operating voltage of 1000 to 1800 volts in the frequency range of at least 1,000,000 hertz and with a capacitance of 0.001 microfarads up to 0.47 microfarads, which made it possible to compose capacitors of up to several tens of microfarads capable of operating at ac voltage amplitudes of up to 4-6 kilovolts and at am litudy AC is not less than 10 amperes for the frequencies of not less than 100,000 Hz. So a set of such “boxes” made it possible to test LMA models at frequencies from 1000 hertz to 56000 hertz. The lengths of the cables shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 7 are from 1 m to 40 m.

In accordance with figure 1, a schematic diagram of a balanced double-circuit inclusion of the antenna circuit of a single-layer winding of an external LMA solenoid made by a flat two-core cable allows you to:

a) reduce the input impedance of the antenna circuit by at least four times,

b) increase the bandwidth of BW by at least two times,

d) to increase the current in both windings of the solenoid by at least two times at a given output voltage of the IOUM, increasing the output power by at least three times,

e) the equivalent inductance of the antenna circuit is equal to the inductance of a separately measured one core of the winding of the external LMA solenoid, and accordingly, the value of the equivalent resonant capacitance is twice as large as the resonant value of the capacitance in each individual circuit when they are tuned to the same frequency and four times more at the same resonant frequency in the single-loop version,

f) with a slight difference in the resonant frequencies in each of the loops symmetrical with respect to the “carrier” frequency, a further increase in the BW bandwidth is achieved, if necessary, without a noticeable decrease in the radiation power.

As noted earlier, on Fig presents an equivalent circuit of the winding of the LMA solenoid, made in one layer with a flat four-core cable, that is, its solenoid contains four (K = 4) identical parallel spiral windings and the antenna circuit consists of four (k = 4) consecutive resonant circuits. The advantages, if it is necessary to use a multi-circuit scheme, are similar to the advantages indicated for the dual-circuit antenna circuit.

In principle, the four-core winding of the external solenoid allows its four windings to be used also in the single-circuit and double-circuit resonant circuit of the antenna circuit, when powered from one, two or four AC voltage sources made on the IOUM.

In general, the use of a single-layer parallel-laid “K-core” spiral-shaped winding in the LMA solenoid makes it possible to use the LMA at different fixed values of the “carrier” frequency for a fixed set of resonant capacitors with a fixed set of options for the power values for a given number of used IOUM.

A pattern is observed with a K-core vein single-layer winding of the external LMA solenoid and with a k-loop resonant circuit of the antenna circuit excitation, the effective inductance of one winding in each of the K-loops will be K times greater than its measured value when taken separately . The inductance of a single-loop winding formed by a coordinated connection of these K windings will be K ² times higher than the measured value of any of the windings taken separately.

Explanations for Figs. 9-11.

A feature of these LMAs is the fact that the winding 7 of the external solenoid 2 is made in one layer and K (K = 2, 3, 4, ...) is a flat-wire cable. Each core of the electric current conductor has a personal electrical insulation, designed to operate at temperatures above 60 degrees Celsius, with an amplitude value of the inter-turn voltage of at least 5 kilovolts.

For simplicity, the winding 7 of the external solenoid 2 in FIGS. 9-11 contains two complete turns (N = 2) of a four-core electrical cable (K = 4) in one layer: these are wires 8, 9, 10, 11. The cross section of the wire of each core is calculated for passage alternating current with an amplitude value greater than the working value of the amplitude of the current flowing through this core with a current density not exceeding 7 amperes / sq. mm

The dielectric sheath 4 located in the space enclosed between the outer lateral surface of the magnetic circuit 1 and the mentally continued inner cylindrical surface of the frame 3 of the winding 7 of the external LMA solenoid 2 shown in Figs. 9, 10 and 17.

From the physical point of view, the sheath 4 serves as the space in which the Umov-Poynting vector is “synthesized” due to the orthogonal intersection of the electric “lines of force” represented in the form of red circles surrounding the outer surface of the magnetic circuit 1 of the “solenoidal vector” electric field with amplitude the value of the electric field strength E _φm with the lines of force of a longitudinal magnetic field with an amplitude value of H _m shown in Fig. 10 in the form of black vectors H _m running parallel to about the central axis of the LMA, generated by currents with an amplitude value of Im1, Im2, Im3, Im4, respectively, flowing through the cores 8, 9, 10, 11 of the winding 7 of the “external” solenoid 2.

The field line E _0m in Fig. 10 is presented in the form of a red circle surrounding the outer surface of the “external” solenoid 2. Vectors with the amplitude value E _{φm of the} “solenoidal vector” electric field are presented in the form of red vectors tangential to the corresponding mentioned power electric lines.

Cable 5 "control" winding, laid in a through longitudinal axial channel 6 of the magnetic circuit 1:

a) when DC “control” I _{0 is} applied to it from an adjustable “current source”, it allows changing the effective inductance of the antenna circuit within 5% of its value, and can serve as a “trimmer” of this circuit when prophylactically adjusting the resonance of the antenna circuit or

b) can be part of a “closed loop for regulating the natural resonant frequency f _{0 of the} antenna loop during electromagnetic transmission of the antenna.

c) allows to eliminate the ambiguity of the position of the "working point" on the magnetization curve of the material of the magnetic circuit.

The fact is that due to the nonlinear nature of the magnetic permeability of the ferromagnetic material or due to changes in the internal temperature of the body of the magnetic circuit, depending on the external temperature and on the heat generated by the solenoid 2 and the material of the magnetic circuit 1 in the operating mode, the value of the resonant frequency of the antenna circuit can change.

If there are capacitors in the antenna circuit that do not change their value, in order to maintain the performance characteristics, it will be necessary to use a system for automatically controlling the natural resonant frequency of the antenna circuit.

The "control" current I ₀ creates a "control" magnetic field circulating in the orthogonal plane to the central longitudinal axis in the body of the magnetic circuit 1.

In Fig.10 and Fig.13 conditionally the magnetic line of the "control" magnetic field is depicted as a black circle on the left end of the magnetic circuit 1, and the magnitude of the voltage H ₀ constant control field is presented in Fig.10 black in a vector directed tangentially to said magnetic field line.

The orthogonal constant control magnetic field H ₀ caused by the “directing” direct current I ₀ changes the magnetic permeability of the magnetic core material, which allows changing the natural frequency of the LMA antenna circuit within at least 2%, that is, fine tuning the natural frequency of the resonant circuit f _{0 of the} external solenoid LMA.

About the choice of ferrite material magnetic core LMA.

As you can see, the elongated body of the LMA magnetic circuit for a longitudinal magnetic field created by the current in the solenoid is an open magnetic circuit. Hence the specifics of the calculations of the basic electromagnetic characteristics of the LMA magnetic circuit.

Due to the fact that the magnetic field lines for a longitudinal alternating magnetic field are open, it is natural to assume that the value of the relative magnetic permeability for the LMA magnetic circuit is much lower than not only the “initial” magnetic permeability of the material of the ferrite cups (usually measurements are made using a toroid made from the test material, at least for the relevant LMA frequencies), but also the "effective" magnetic permeability indicated in the catalog for one set (for special of a matched pair of cups) of cups used singly in the construction of the LMA magnetic circuit.

In practice, if the magnetic circuit were made entirely of the same material and the same size, then the gain in magnetic permeability is negligible in comparison with the technological and financial difficulties of its manufacture.

For technologically seasoned "solid-solid" rods of a given material with a length of the rod 20-30 times greater than its diameter, the relative magnetic permeability would be of the order of the square root of the "initial" magnetic permeability of the magnetic material from which they were made. It is known that from 60 to 80 centimeters in length in the United States, on a special order “without permission to export outside the United States” industry produces “solid” ferrite rods without a central through channel with a diameter not exceeding approximately 3.6 cm.

The applicant introduced in 1980 (upon request in her original theoretical material sent to the USA, on the basis of which the US company filed US patent application No. 4,545,248 in 1982), a formula for calculating the effective magnetic permeability under one very unusual assumption regarding “ average magnetic field line ”for an alternating longitudinal magnetic field, provided that the wavelength of the source that excited this magnetic field is at least two to three orders of magnitude longer than the length of this ferrite rod nya.

Namely, that the average length of the power magnetic line is equal to the wavelength of the current source that created the magnetic flux inside the external LMA solenoid, along the winding of which it flows. This assumption is physically a consequence of the assumption that the radius of the sphere occupied by the emitted photon for a given frequency of the current source is λ ₀ / 2π.

From a phenomenological point of view: the “magnetic line”, coming out of one end of the LMA magnetic circuit, assuming its beginning in the geometric center of the LMA magnetic circuit, having circled the outer space, should return to this point through its second end exactly in a time equal to the period T = λ ₀ / c ₀ , where λ ₀ , c ₀ - respectively, the wavelength and speed of the electromagnetic wave in open space.

When designing the magnetic circuit, the applicant uses this formula for a preliminary assessment of the effective value of the relative magnetic permeability:

, где µ_n - начальная магнитная проницаемость материала замкнутого магнитопровода. Например, при длине l_m=1,08 м магнитопровода модели ЛМА, условно названной LMA#8, при µ_n=3200 и частоте f=51200 герц λ₀=5859.375 м, рассчитанное значение µ_t=33,37. Измеренное значение эффективной магнитной проницаемости магнитопровода LMA#8 на данной частоте µ_eff=30.24. Но для этой модели (так же как и модели LAM#5) отношение

что снижает значение эффективной магнитной проницаемости в магнитопроводе, где d_c и d_m соответственно диаметр обмотки внешнего соленоида и диаметр магнитопровода.

where μ _n is the initial magnetic permeability of the material of the closed magnetic circuit. For example, with a length l _m = 1.08 m of the magnetic circuit of the LMA model, conventionally called LMA # 8, with µ _n = 3200 and a frequency f = 51200 hertz λ ₀ = 5859.375 m, the calculated value µ _t = 33.37. The measured value of the effective magnetic permeability of the magnetic circuit LMA # 8 at a given frequency µ _eff = 30.24. But for this model (as well as the LAM # 5 model), the ratio

which reduces the value of effective magnetic permeability in the magnetic circuit, where d _c and d _m respectively the diameter of the winding of the external solenoid and the diameter of the magnetic circuit.

It was found that for the single-circuit antenna circuit of the LMA # 8 model, the effective magnetic permeability is µ _eff = 16, and for the LMA # 5 model, as noted earlier, at l _m = 1.92 m µ _eff = 25.5.

The amplitude value of the electric field strength E _0m and the amplitude value of the Umov-Poynting vector S _{m eff} .

10, the electric field vector E _0m is represented as a red vector applied at the point of contact to the red circle (lying in the plane perpendicular to the central axis), representing the power line of the “solenoidal vector” electric field covering the side surface of the winding 7 external solenoid 2 LMA.

This electric field with an amplitude value of the electric field strength E _{0m is} numerically directly proportional to the voltage arising on one turn of the winding 7 of the external solenoid 2 under the influence of the total value of the amplitudes of the currents flowing through the K-core flat cable of the winding 7 and inversely proportional to the perimeter of the winding 7 of the external solenoid.

The amplitude value of the Umov-Poynting vector S _{m eff} is shown in Fig. 10 with a lilac color by the vector S _{m eff} , perpendicular to the plane at which point the vector E _φm and the vector H _m lie, and it is at this point that the orthogonal intersection of the lines of force of the “solenoidal vector »The electric field E _φm with the lines of force of the longitudinal magnetic field H _m .

In the direction of the Umov-Poynting vector S _{m eff} radiation of electromagnetic waves with a length of λ ₀ occurs.

и

. Оба этих вектора лежат в одной плоскости, перпендикулярной радиус-вектору

. Вектор красного цвета

направлен по касательной к окружности радиуса ρ, лежащей в «экваториальной» плоскости, тогда как вектор черного цвета

направлен параллельно центральной оси ЛМА.Figure 10 at a distance ρ from the point "O" of the geometric center of the LMA in the perpendicular central axis ("equatorial) plane passing through the point" O "presents the components of the electromagnetic field

and

. Both of these vectors lie in the same plane perpendicular to the radius vector

. Vector red color

is directed along a tangent to a circle of radius ρ lying in the "equatorial" plane, while the vector is black

directed parallel to the central axis of the LMA.

символизирует радиацию, объясняемую существующей теорией «Рамочных и Магнитных Дипольных антенн», тогда как фиолетового цвета вектор Умова-Пойнтинга S_{m eff} символизирует излучение электромагнитных волн, обусловленного «синтезом Вектора Умова-Пойнтинга», возникшего в пространстве оболочки 4 ЛМА.Black color vector Umova Pointing

symbolizes radiation, explained by the existing theory of “Framework and Magnetic Dipole Antennas”, while the violet color of the Umov-Poynting vector S _{m eff} symbolizes the emission of electromagnetic waves due to the “synthesis of the Umov-Poynting Vector” that arose in the space of the 4 LMA shell.

11 represents the case when the magnetic circuit 1 of the LMA is made using ferrite cups 19 "without a gap" PM-type (see the catalog of the company EPCOS).

The PM kit consists of two “without a gap” 19 ferrite cups selected according to the magnetic and mechanical characteristics and a frame on which the winding 15 of the insulated electric wire of the “internal” section of the solenoid 16 of the LMA magnetic circuit 1 can be placed (see Fig. 13). This set of PM-type ferrite cups differs from the similar set of P-type ferrite cups from the point of view of the LMA designer in that it has two cavities opposite each other in the lateral cylindrical surface, hereinafter referred to as “windows” in the side surface of the PM ferrite cup -type.

These cavities in the lateral surface are symmetrical with respect to the plane of the inner ends of the contact of these two cups. 13, these side surfaces of the cavities of the PM kit can be considered. An LMA magnetic circuit may contain an Mth number of PM-type cups at a specific location in the magnetic circuit, with a single-layer winding 15 of an insulated wire placed inside.

In the future, we will call this located inside a PM-type ferrite cup a solenoid 16 with a single-layer winding 15 section of the “internal” 16 solenoid of the LMA magnetic circuit 1. The output of the wire 20a of the section of the "internal" solenoid 16 is the "beginning" of the winding 15, and the output of the wire 206 of the section of the "internal" solenoid 16 is the "end" of the winding 15.

Explanation of the image in Fig.13

, который изображен в виде фиолетового цвета вектором

в точке, удаленной на расстояние ρ от центральной продольной оси. Электромагнитная радиация, порожденная описанным выше процессом «синтеза вектора Умова-Пойнтинга», выходит из внутренней полости секции ферритовых чашечек 19 через имеющиеся с двух сторон «окна» в их боковой поверхности. Порожденные вектором

компоненты напряженности электрического поля

и напряженности магнитного поля

на расстоянии ρ изображены в виде векторов соответственно селенового и синего цвета.One of the components of a ferrite cup 19 of the LMA magnetic circuit 1, using a set of ferrite cups of type PM, is shown in Fig. 13 in section. It conventionally shows half a longitudinal section of a set of two ferrite cups connected to each other by internal end surfaces in vertical and horizontal planes. A cable 5 passes through the longitudinal axial channel, through which a “control” direct current I ₀ can be supplied, which creates a constant “control” magnetic field with a magnetic field strength value H ₀ circulating in the ferromagnetic body of the cup part 19 in a plane orthogonal to its central longitudinal axis. The direction of current I _{0 is} indicated by an arrow, and the circulation path of the vector H _{0 is} conventionally indicated as a black circle and an arrow. The body of the ferrite cups 19 is under the influence of a longitudinal magnetic field H _m created by the flowing currents through the windings of the "external" LMA solenoid 2, conventionally marked with black vectors of intensity H _m directed parallel to the central longitudinal axis. Alternating current I _1m 1 arrives at the beginning of the black single-layer coil 15 of the "internal" solenoid 16, and exits through the blue marked winding 15 of the "internal" solenoid 16. This current I _1m 1 creates a circulating alternating magnetic field H _1m in the longitudinal planes of the ferrite body of this section 19. Conventionally, the circulation direction of the magnetic field vector H _{1m is} shown in the form of a violet magnetic line drawn in the longitudinal section plane of section 19. This magnet This field creates a “solenoidal vector” electric field circulating in the vertical planes of the inner cavity around the winding 15 of the “internal” solenoid 16. Conventionally, the lines of force 18 of the “solenoidal vector” electric field are presented in the form of selenium arcs. The lines of force of this electric field lie in the planes orthogonal to the central longitudinal axis and are influenced by the longitudinal magnetic field H _m , while the lines of force of both fields intersect. At the points of intersection of these lines of force, the electric field vector E _1φm and the longitudinal magnetic field vector H _{m are} perpendicular to each other. At the moment of crossing the lines of force of the mentioned fields and at a given point of intersection, radiation of an electromagnetic wave occurs with a frequency f of the “carrier”. What is symbolized by the origin of the Umov-Poynting vector

, which is depicted as a violet color by vector

at a point remote ρ from the central longitudinal axis. Electromagnetic radiation generated by the above process of “synthesis of the Umov-Poynting vector” leaves the inner cavity of the ferrite cup section 19 through the “windows” on both sides of the side surface. Vector generated

electric field strength components

and magnetic field strength

at a distance ρ are depicted as vectors, respectively, of selenium and blue.

In order to achieve maximum electromagnetic radiation power, both processes of “synthesis of the Umov-Poynting vector” need to be made coherent by a corresponding phase shift between the total current I _m in the external solenoid 2 and the current I _1m 1 in the internal solenoid 16 of the ferrite cup section 19 of the PM type 19.

On Fig is a diagram of the connection of a single-layer winding of an external solenoid 2 made by a flat K-core cable (K = 4) when connected to its K lived in a single-circuit balanced resonant circuit (k = 1), which receives external power from two IOUM 13, outputs which are connected directly to the resonant capacitors 12. The output alternating current I _{m of} frequency f passes through the capacitors 12 through the windings 8, 9, 10, 11 connected in series to the resonant antenna circuit, creating a longitudinal alternating magnetically in the magnetic circuit 2 e the frequency field f with the magnetic field strength H _m , presented in the form of a black vector H _m .

The amplitude value of the output voltage of the IOUM 13 is equal to U _out . From the source of the harmonic signal 14 of frequency f, the voltage is directly supplied to the non-invertible input of the left IOUM 13 and the invertible input of the right IOUM 13. At the moment when the frequency f coincides with the resonant frequency f _{0 of the} serial antenna circuit, the electric current I _m circulating through it reaches the amplitude maximum value. The phase of the current and the phase of the magnetic field in the magnetic circuit coincide. The voltage U _m at the ends of the wires of the external LMA solenoid 2 coincides in amplitude with the total voltage applied to the capacitors 12, but the phase is 90 degrees ahead of the phase current I _m , and therefore the phase of the magnetic field H _m .

In Fig. 15 and Fig. 16, the designations of the constituent elements are similar to those in Fig. 14, differ only in that in the circuit of Fig. 15 the ends of the cores 8, 9, 10, 11 of the external solenoid 2 are connected so as to form an antenna resonant circuit in in the form of two (k = 2) consecutive resonant circuits, the inputs of which, separately, are connected directly to a similar pair of IOUM 13, to the inputs of which a harmonic signal from the source 14 is supplied. The circuit of Fig. 16 represents the case when the output ends lived 8, 9, 10 , 11 form an antenna chain in the form of four (k = 4) are followed lnyh resonant circuits, each input of which is connected to its pair IOUM 13, with simultaneous connection of the inputs to the harmonic signal source 14. In both cases it may be advantageous to couple the outputs 13 include matching IOUM down transformer with the antenna resonance circuit.

On Fig figures indicate the basic elements of a block diagram of a transmitting device for digital information, which includes LMA.

1 - ferromagnetic magnetic circuit LMA. The required value of radiation power determines the value of its diameter. Its length is not less than 20-30 times the diameter of the external solenoid.

2 - its external solenoid, the length of which is selected in the range from half to one third of the length of the magnetic circuit.

7 - flat multicore (K = 2, 3, 4, ...) cable of a single-layer spiral winding of an external solenoid,

4 - a dielectric sheath, within which the orthogonal intersection of the “solenoidal vector” electric field takes place, the electric power lines of which lie in a plane orthogonal to the central longitudinal axis of the LMA, covering the side surface of the magnetic circuit 1, with a longitudinal magnetic field created by the alternating current of the carrier frequency f along the winding 7 of the external solenoid 2. It can serve as the skeleton of the winding of the external solenoid LMA. The magnitude of its inner diameter and its outer diameter depend on the magnitude of the diameter of the magnetic circuit and the diameter of the external solenoid, respectively, with a ratio of these values less than 0.5. Otherwise, a significant decrease in the effective magnetic permeability of the LMA magnetic circuit will occur.

At the moment of orthogonal intersection of the lines of force of the aforementioned electric and magnetic fields at the point of intersection within the body of the sheath 4, electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of λ ₀ = c ₀ / f occur.

We associate this process of the emergence of electromagnetic radiation with the phenomenon of “artificial synthesis of the Umov-Poynting Vector” due to the intersection of the electric and magnetic fields within the shell 4.

6 - longitudinal through the Central axis of the channel in the body of the magnetic circuit 1.

5 - cable passing through channel 6, through which a constant "control" current I ₀ passes, creating a constant "control" magnetic field H ₀ circulating in the body of the magnetic circuit 1 in planes orthogonal to its central longitudinal axis. This constant “control” magnetic field H ₀ eliminates the ambiguity of finding the “operating point” on the magnetization curve of the LMA magnetic circuit, and also leads to a change in the effective magnetic permeability μ _eff in the longitudinal direction of magnetic circuit 1 and allows tuning of the intrinsic resonant frequency within at least 2% f ₀ .

20a and 20b are cables connected to the conditionally adopted beginning and end of the windings of the “internal” solenoid in the body of the magnetic circuit 1.

22 is a thermally stabilized precision master oscillator of a harmonic signal with a frequency stability of at least 10 ^-9 , with a low level of phase noise for the normal functioning of a system with QPSK (four-phase) or HPSK (sixteen-phase) discrete phase modulation of the carrier frequency f with one-way digital broadcasting information (ASCII characters).

34, 35 - respectively, K (K = 2, 3, 4, ...) is a conductive electric cable suitable for the conditionally designated beginning and end of the winding 7 of the external solenoid 2 of the LMA.

23 is a switching circuit and a “store” of a set of constant capacitors 12 for k (k = 1, 2, 3, 4, ...) contour resonant antenna circuits and matching step-down transformers.

Due to the fact that at the ends of the winding 7 of the external solenoid, at the moment of resonance of the antenna circuit, a high voltage develops, the amplitude of which can reach 2-5 kilovolts, and the current flowing up to 10 amperes or more, this device should be located in close proximity to the LMA.

24 is a similar device with 23, only intended for the normal functioning of the “internal” solenoid 16 if, when the magnetic circuit 1 is formed from ferrite cups, PM-type ferrite cups are included.

21 is a single-turn loop made of a 75 ohm coaxial cable for feedback of a "closed loop automatic regulation of the natural resonant frequency" of the antenna loop. It tightly envelops the lateral surface of the external solenoid 2 in its central part.

25 is an input precision spectrometric digital-to-analog device of a “closed loop of automatic regulation of natural resonance frequency” I _{0 of the} antenna circuit, and an output precision digital-to-analog driver with a pair of IOUM 13 that generates a “control” current I ₀ in cable 5 in accordance with the code received from the bus connecting the block 25 with the block 36.

26 is a device if, when forming from the ferrite cups of the magnetic circuit 1 LMA, ferrite cups of the PM type are included, which include pairs of Integrated Operational Power Amplifiers IOUM 13 for supplying the resonant circuit of the “internal” solenoid 16 with a harmonic alternating voltage of the “carrier” frequency f and a step phase shifter, for fine-tuning the phase of the electric field that occurs in the voids around the inner winding of 15 ferrite cups of the PM type relative to the phase of the longitudinal magnetic field in the body of the magnetic circuit 1, creating nnogo external solenoid 2 LMA. As a rule, at the moment of resonance at the frequency f of the "carrier" in the circuit of the "internal" solenoid 16 and in the circuit of the "external" solenoid, the 2 phase of the current flowing through the winding 15 of the "internal" solenoid 16 and the phase of the current flowing through the winding 7 of the "external" solenoid 2 should differ by approximately 90 degrees.

The currents flowing through the windings of the “internal” and “external” solenoids are phase coherent.

This phase adjustment is required to obtain the maximum radiated power of the LMA due to the "artificial synthesis of the Vector Umov-Poynting."

27 is a device for providing power to a k-contour resonant antenna circuit to create a longitudinal magnetic field in the body of the magnetic circuit 1 due to the flow of the “external” solenoid 2 of the current of the “carrier” frequency f through the winding 7. There is no step phase shifter in this device.

28 - active band-pass filter, or digital band-pass filter, for the latter to function normally, it is necessary to supply a harmonic signal from the oscillator unit 22 through a cable 30, indicated by a dotted line.

This band-pass filter provides the passage of signals from the processor 29 only within the required BW band to pass the type of discrete phase modulation of the "carrier" frequency f: QPSK, or HPSK.

29 is a digital processor, including:

a) a digital precision adjustable synthesizer of the signal of the "carrier" frequency f,

b) a precision driver of a discrete M (M = 4 or 16) set of harmonic signals of the “carrier” frequency f with the number of M phases (for M = 4: a set of four discrete phases with an interval of 90 degrees, for M = 16: a set of sixteen phases with interval of 22.5 degrees), strictly coherent with the harmonic signal of the oscillator 22,

c) a shaper of a set of time slots.

The duration of each slot takes from 20 to 30 periods of the signal of the "carrier" frequency f. In this case, a series of this set of time slots appears when a signal is received from computer 36 to permit the reading of the next ASCII character from its bus.

It performs gating and synchronization of the trailing and leading edges of each time slot (the fronts are coherent to the phase of the harmonic signal of the oscillator 22), during which a discrete phase value of 28 is transmitted from M,

d) a digital switch that generates a harmonic signal to the bus towards 28 only with the necessary one phase from M possible discrete phases at the right time, during a time slot predetermined in accordance with the protocol for transmitting digital information arriving asynchronously from 36.

It should be taken into account that with QPSK (M = 4), four slots are required for transmitting the ASCII character (the number of bits m = 2 is contained in one package), while with HPSK (M = 16) only two slots are required for transmitting the ASCII character ( one package contains one hexagonal bit with the number of bits m = 4). And this means HPSK with the same bandwidth BW at a given frequency of the "carrier" f allows you to transfer twice as much information in comparison with QPSK.

e) an encoder that determines which bit of the ASCII character received from the computer is 36 (it is 1 byte, it contains 8 bits, which means it “contains” two hexagonal bits of four bits each) corresponds to a specific phase value from a discrete set of M harmonic phase values carrier frequency signal f.

f) contains a shaper which, in accordance with the specified cipher of forming from the set of the number m (for M = 4 m = 2, for M = 16 m = 4), bits out of 8 available in the byte representing the ASCII character, produces only the necessary for the required slot one phase value from M possible discrete values in accordance with the available information translation protocol.

h) contains other functional blocks to ensure reliable operation of the whole broadcasting device.

33 is a bus with two-way communication between 36 and 29, containing signal wires, and 8 wires for transmitting 8 bits of the transmitted ASCII character in parallel.

36 is a personal computer transmitting information in the form of ASCII characters in asynchronous mode in accordance with a specially developed program.

It processes the digital information received from block 25 and provides a signal in the form of a code for the digital-to-analog converter in block 25 about the need to change in cable 5 the magnitude and sign of the "control" current I ₀ in order to maintain the natural frequency f _{0 of the} antenna circuit equal to the frequency of the "carrier" f, or “operating point” on the magnetization curve of the material of the magnetic circuit 2 LMA. It also performs other necessary functions in ensuring reliable broadcasting of digital information transmitted on the air.

Description of the QPSK operation of the transmitting device using the LMA model, conventionally called LMA # 5, in CW mode (in the absence of the receipt of the next ASCII character from the computer) at a frequency of 51200 hertz. In general, this LMA model is designed to operate at one of the frequencies in the range 25-52 kHz for transmitting ASCII characters at a speed of 2 kbit / s using QPSK (digital four-phase modulation of the carrier frequency) in a band of less than 2 kHz.

Its main characteristics.

The length of the magnetic circuit lm = 198 cm, the magnetic circuit 1 is a cylindrical ferrite body with a central axial inner hole 6, made using ferrite cups "P" type.

The outer diameter of the magnetic circuit is 1 dm = 3 cm. In the central part of the magnetic circuit there is an external solenoid 2 with a single-layer winding 7 made by a flat two-wire cable with the number of turns N = 126 in double insulation of a copper wire. The average diameter of the solenoid winding is dc = 5.56 cm, and its length lc = 108 cm.

The magnetic core 1 is located inside the dielectric sheath 4, the inner diameter of which is 32 mm, and its outer diameter is 50 mm. Through a single-core cable 5, threaded through the central axial channel 6 of the magnetic circuit 1, the current “Io” from the constant voltage source (located in block 25) is supplied “controlling” by the magnetic permeability of the magnetic circuit 1. In two plastic boxes 23 there are two constant resonant capacitors of the same magnitude 12. A double-circuit (sequential) antenna resonant circuit is used, connected in parallel to the outputs of the IOUM pair (Integrated Operational Power Amplifiers) 13, the outputs of which are connected using a “balanced” bridge circuit. At the inputs of the said pair of IOUM 13, a harmonic signal of the “carrier” frequency f from the two outputs of the paraphase splitter 27 is supplied in antiphase.

So, the “carrier” frequency current arising at resonance in each of two successive resonant antenna circuits passes through its “core” of the single-layer winding 7 of the “external” solenoid 2, creating a longitudinal alternating magnetic field of the carrier frequency f, which causes radiation of electromagnetic waves to carrier frequency f in outer space. The higher the voltage at the inputs of the IOUM 13 pair, and therefore, at the input of block 27, the higher the current value in the winding 7 of the external solenoid 2, and the more powerful the radiation in the outer space. The maximum level of current flowing through the winding 7 of the external solenoid 2 is such that in the material of the magnetic circuit 1 the level of the generated magnetic induction does not exceed 0.1 of the saturation magnetic induction, which ensures a linear mode of operation, avoiding the necessary parametric effects. And the supply of a constant "control" current to the cable 5 of a certain size, in this case Io = 2.5 A, avoids the ambiguity of finding the operating point on the magnetization curve of the material of the magnetic core 1. Changing the value of the "control" current in cable 5 to a small extent within or the other side from the specified level allows within up to half the passband BW to smoothly adjust the natural resonant frequency f _{0 of the} double-circuit resonant circuit of the LMA.

As a result of physical processes occurring in the space of the shell 4, namely, due to the “artificial synthesis of the Umov-Poynting Vector”, the LMA emits electromagnetic waves in the CW mode into the surrounding space with a frequency “carrier” at one of four possible discrete phase values taken at asynchronous method of digital broadcasting for a “stop” sequence.

The frequency spectrum emitted by the LMA into the open space, recorded using the Frame Antenna, is presented in figure 4.

The frequency spectrum on a computer screen 36 looks similar to that obtained from the output of the above-mentioned “spectrometric analog-to-digital” converter unit 25, to the input of which a signal from the “feedback loop” 21 is received. Using such a “picture” manually or automatically, at the level of “ peak "signal can (to the maximum indication) by changing the value of the" control "current I ₀ in cable 5 to adjust the antenna circuit in resonance with the frequency of the" carrier "f, in this case equal to 51200 hertz.

Since the magnetic circuit 1 of model LMA # 5 is formed from ferrite cups of type P, the operation of blocks 24 and 26, as well as the processes taking place in the “internal” solenoids 16, are not considered.

A precision oscillator 22 of a harmonic signal of a frequency of 16386000 Hz using a four-channel digital synthesizer in block 29 generates a phase-coherent oscillator of a period T of the “carrier” frequency f at its four outputs, but the phase is shifted relative to each other exactly on each of its four outputs 90 degrees. This frequency synthesizer allows you to discrete with a certain discrete step, if necessary, change the value of the "carrier" frequency f, while remaining phase-coherent to the oscillator 22 at each of its four outputs. Further, in block 29, these outputs of the four-channel digital synthesizer, made on standard integral elements of the QMOS type, are fed to the standard integral element of the four-channel analog-to-digital switch. From the analog output of the integrated circuit of the said switch, a periodic signal of period T of the “carrier” frequency f can be received at the input of the “band-pass” filter (BPF) block 28, a signal from one of the four analog inputs of the said switch depending on the code (in parallel) received his digital input. Usually, in the absence of a new portion of information coming from computer 36 via bus 33 to processor 29, a continuously periodic signal of period T of the “carrier” frequency f received by one or the other is received at the BPF 28 input from output 29 (from the output of the said switch in block 29) another of the four possible phases of the frequency of the "carrier", which is accepted as a "stop" sequence in the asynchronous form of information transfer from computer 36 to block 29.

Figure 5 shows the frequency response of the received signal of this LMA model, obtained using the receiving ferrite antenna, installed at a certain distance in the "equatorial" plane with an "azimuthal angle" of 0, and when the frequency of the natural resonant frequency of both circuits of the antenna circuit was equal to 46760 hertz.

Computer 36 transmits via bus 33, in accordance with the developed program, in asynchronous mode, the necessary digital information in the form of ASCII characters in accordance with a specially developed program to block 29 (a “parallel” port is used to communicate with processor 29, in this case block 29 is QPSK modulator and QPSK demodulator, the latter is included in the feedback loop, which checks the correctness of the transmitted LMA information, receiving a signal from the feedback loop 21).

Figure 6 shows the structure of the electromagnetic field around the LMA in free space.

The main components of the electromagnetic field of LMA in open space.

Due to the fact that the length of the LMA magnetic circuit is always much shorter than the wavelength in the frequency range of its application and with the ratio of geometric parameters stipulated in the definition of LMA as a Linear Magnetic Dipole (LMD), one can imagine the orientation of the electric (E _φ ) and magnetic (H _ρ and H _θ ) of the components of the electromagnetic field in open space, as shown in Fig.7

условно называет «тангенсальной», или «меридианной», составляющую

- «азимутальной», а составляющую

- «радиальной».Turning to the above image, the applicant component

conditionally calls "tangential", or "meridian" component

- “azimuthal”, and the component

- “radial”.

, и магнитной «радиальной» составляющей

, и особенно первой, становится возможным использовать ЛМА в качестве передающей электромагнитные волны на указанных частотах в морских глубинах и в недрах земли. А в силу их относительно малых (не превышающих 10-15 м даже для очень больших мощностей излучения) габаритов - на подвижных объектах в воздушном пространстве, в морской глубине или под толщей льда.Conventional “electrical” antennas, unlike “magnetic” ones, have one “tangential” or “meridial” magnetic component H _mφ and two electrical components: “radial” E _mρ and “azimuthal” E _mθ . For frequencies below 15,000 hertz, such "electrical" antennas are complex engineering structures that occupy vast areas with a radius of at least several kilometers. Possessing in the “near zone” powerful electric components of the “radial” E _mρ and the “azimuthal” E _mθ , even if such an antenna could be placed near the sea surface or above the sea surface, then its radiation was absorbed already in a thin layer of the marine environment. Moreover, such an antenna cannot be placed in the marine environment due to the impossibility of the existence of "bias currents" in a conducting medium. Only due to the existence in the "near zone" of the LMA magnetic "azimuthal" component

, and magnetic "radial" component

, and especially the first, it becomes possible to use the LMA as transmitting electromagnetic waves at the indicated frequencies in the deep sea and in the bowels of the earth. And due to their relatively small (not exceeding 10-15 m even for very large radiation powers) dimensions - on moving objects in the air, in the sea depth or under the ice.

Claims (9)

1. Transmitting linear magnetic antenna, characterized in that it contains:
a) a ferromagnetic magnetic circuit, consisting of many ferrite cups mounted back to back, each of which has an internal hole for the formation of a through central axial channel of the ferromagnetic magnetic circuit;
b) inside the through central axial channel of the ferromagnetic magnetic circuit there is a cable of constant “control” current I ₀ ;
c) a dielectric sheath covering the outer surface of the ferromagnetic magnetic circuit along its entire length;
d) an “external” solenoid with a single-layer spiral winding, which is a flat, at least two-core cable in which the conductors are laid in parallel, with each core placed in an insulating sheath. 2. The transmitting linear magnetic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an external capacitor or a group of external capacitors. 3. The transmitting linear magnetic antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the external capacitor is made or the group of external capacitors is configured to form for each core a separate sequential resonant antenna circuit of the winding of the "external" solenoid. 4. The transmitting linear magnetic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic magnetic circuit is formed from ferrite cups of the PM type. 5. The transmitting linear magnetic antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that within each PM-type ferrite cup there is a single-layer spiral “inner” winding. 6. The transmitting linear magnetic antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that the connection of single-layer spiral "internal" windings between themselves forms an "internal" solenoid. 7. The transmitting linear magnetic antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that the "internal" solenoid is configured to form a series resonant circuit of the "internal" solenoid in the presence of an external capacitor or group of external capacitors. 8. The transmitting linear magnetic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic magnetic circuit is formed from P-type ferrite cups. 9. The transmitting linear magnetic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a single-turn loop made of a coaxial cable and tightly enveloping the surface of the winding of the "external solenoid" in its central part.

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