RU2427786C1 - Detonator based on light-sensitive explosive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosives. ^ SUBSTANCE: detonator based on light-sensitive explosive consists of metal cover in which composite light-sensitive explosive is arranged. In addition, optic prop made from optic glass is installed in metal cover; composite light-sensitive explosive is made in the form of material pressed to density of 0.9-1.1 g/cm3 of mixture of fine-grained tubular electric heater (TEH) with specific surface area of 4000-20000 cm2/g and nanoaluminium with average particle size of not more than 60 nm, at component ratio (wt %) of 75:15 to 95:5 respectively. ^ EFFECT: simpler design and easier manufacturing process of detonator. ^ 2 cl, 1 tbl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of explosive devices and can be used for the manufacture of detonators based on photosensitive explosives.

Known optical detonator based on a photosensitive explosive (patent of Ukraine No. 49732, IPC F42B 3/02, publ. September 16, 2002, BI No. 9/02) containing a photosensitive explosive in a metal case, which includes a cylindrical body, a mixture of complex mercury and polymer perchlorate, secondary explosive, light guide.

A disadvantage of the known optical detonator is low environmental friendliness due to the presence of mercury in the composition of the explosive, the presence of expensive substances in the design of the detonator and the high complexity of the process of manufacturing a charge of a photosensitive explosive.

Known from the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2202097, IPC F42B 3/113, publ. 04/10/2003, a detonator based on a photosensitive explosive, as a prototype of the claimed, containing a photosensitive explosive, a light pulse source, an electric pulse source.

The disadvantages of the prototype include an insufficiently low threshold for a pulse of light radiation, insufficiently high operational safety due to susceptibility to electromagnetic pulses, which can lead to unauthorized use of a charge, and a long response time of a detonator.

The task of the authors of the invention is to develop a detonator based on photosensitive explosives, which minimizes the energy, time and weight characteristics of the detonator.

A new technical result achieved by using the proposed detonator based on a photosensitive explosive is to reduce the detonator response threshold from a laser pulse, simplify the design and manufacturing process (by ~ 10 p.), And minimize the time and mass-dimensional characteristics of the detonator compared to prototype.

An additional technical result is to reduce the threshold of the detonator from the laser pulse, providing the possibility of its initiation with or without optical back up.

These tasks and new technical results are achieved by the fact that in the known detonator based on a photosensitive explosive, consisting of a metal shell, in which a mixed photosensitive explosive and secondary explosives are placed, according to the invention, an optical support made of optical glass is additionally mounted in a metal shell, a mixed photosensitive explosive in the form of a material pressed to a density of 0.9-1.1 g / cm ³ from a mixture of highly dispersed heating elements with a specific surface area of 4000-20000 cm ² / g and nanoalumin with an average particle size of not more than ~ 60 nm, with the following ratio of ingredients (mass fractions) from 75:15 to 95: 5, respectively.

In addition, in a detonator based on photosensitive explosives, a metal shell contains explosives made in the form of two extruded elements, one of which is made of a mixed photosensitive explosive pressed to a density of 1.2-1.8 g / cm ^{3 of the} following composition: complex copper perchlorate and an optically transparent polymer with a ratio of 75:15 to 95: 5 (mass fractions), respectively, and the second element is from a secondary explosive pressed to a density of 1.1-1.6 g / cm ³ - benzotrifuroxane or TEN with an average particle size in the range of 0.25-0.5 microns.

The proposed detonator based on photosensitive explosives is illustrated as follows.

For the manufacture of a detonator, a mixture of photosensitive explosive was preliminarily prepared by mixing the components within the specified limits of their ratios, namely, a material from a mixture of highly dispersed heating elements with a specific surface area of 4000-20000 cm ² / g and nanoaluminum with an average particle size of not more than 60 nm, with the ratio of ingredients (mass shares) from 75:15 to 95: 5, respectively. Then, a support made of optical glass is fixed in the metal shell, after which a sample of photosensitive explosive is poured into it. It is important to note that the support must be installed hermetically and firmly so as to prevent a decrease in the pressure of the explosion products during the explosion of an explosive.

The sample is pressed to the required density, which in the conditions of the proposed detonator is 0.9-1.1 g / cm ³ .

In addition, for the manufacture of the detonator, a mixture of photosensitive explosives was preliminarily prepared in chloroform (for better homogenization) by mixing the components within the specified limits of their ratios, namely, a mixture of complex copper perchlorate and an optically transparent polymer in a ratio of 75:15 to 95: 5 (mass shares), respectively. Then, a support made of optical glass is fixed in the metal shell, after which a sample of photosensitive explosive is poured into it. It is important to note that the support must be installed hermetically and firmly so as to prevent a decrease in the pressure of the explosion products during an explosive explosion.

The sample is pressed to the required density, which under the conditions of the proposed detonator is 1.2 1.8 g / cm ³ .

Then, a sample of secondary explosive of benzotrifuroxane or TENA with an average particle size in the range of 0.25-0.5 microns is poured into a metal shell with a back-up (or without it) and a charge from a photosensitive explosive. A portion of the secondary explosive is pressed to the required density, which under the conditions of the proposed detonator is 1.1 1.6 g / cm ³ .

The drawings show the design of the detonator based on a photosensitive explosive.

Figure 1 shows a view of a detonator containing a metal shell, optical support, a charge with a density of 0.95 g / cm ³ of a photosensitive explosive made of a mixture of highly dispersed heating elements with a specific surface area of 9000 cm ² / g and nanoaluminum with an average particle size of not more than 60 nm, with a ratio of ingredients (mass fractions) from 75:15 to 95: 5, respectively.

Figure 2 shows a view of a detonator containing a metal shell, optical support, a charge with a density of 0.95 g / cm ³ of a photosensitive explosive made of a mixture of highly dispersed heating elements with a specific surface area of 20,000 cm ² / g and nanoaluminum with an average particle size of not more than 60 nm, with a ratio of ingredients (mass fractions) from 75:15 to 95: 5, respectively.

Figure 3 shows a view of a detonator containing a metal shell, optical support, a charge with a density of 1.4 g / cm ³ of a photosensitive explosive made of a mixture of complex copper perchlorate and an optically transparent polymer with a ratio of ingredients in it 90:10 (mass fraction ), respectively, a charge with a density of 1.4 g / cm ³ from a secondary explosive - benzotrifuroxan or TEN with an average particle size in the range of 0.25-0.5 microns.

Figure 4 shows a view of a detonator containing a metal shell, a charge with a density of 1.4 g / cm ³ of a photosensitive explosive made of a mixture of complex copper perchlorate and an optically transparent polymer with a ratio of ingredients in it 90:10 (mass fraction), respectively , a charge with a density of 1.4 g / cm ³ from a secondary explosive - benzotrifuroxan or TEN with an average particle size in the range of 0.25-0.5 microns.

The choice of the necessary ratios of the ingredients in the detonator elements of the used mixed explosives is dictated by the following considerations:

- with a decrease in the content in the mixture of finely dispersed heating elements with a specific surface area of 4000-20000 cm ² / g and nanoaluminum with an average particle size of not more than 60 nm, when the ratio of ingredients (mass fractions) is from 75:15 to 95: 5, respectively, below the specified ratio limit the required sensitivity of the detonator to the laser pulse is provided;

- when the content in the mixture of finely dispersed heating elements with a specific surface of 4000-20000 cm ² / g and nanoaluminum with an average particle size of not more than 60 nm is exceeded, with a ratio of ingredients (mass fractions) from 75:15 to 95: 5, respectively, above the specified limit is not provided the required sensitivity of the detonator to the laser pulse;

- reducing the limit limit in the proposed detonator for the dispersion of nano-aluminum below the declared in the laboratory conditions is difficult to achieve due to the lack of the necessary technology;

- the dispersion of the heater is selected for reasons of ensuring the required sensitivity of the detonator to the laser pulse; a decrease in the dispersion limit of the heating element will lead to an increase in the threshold for the detonator to act on the laser pulse, exceeding it will not give a noticeable gain in lowering the threshold.

- with a decrease in the ratio of copper perchlorate and optically transparent polymer with a ratio of ingredients in it of 75:15 (mass fractions) below the claimed limit, the required sensitivity of the detonator to the laser pulse is not provided;

- when exceeding the ratio of copper perchlorate and optically transparent polymer 75:15 (mass fractions) in excess of the declared values, the required sensitivity of the detonator to the laser pulse is not provided.

The detonators made according to the above schemes based on photosensitive explosives are exposed to a laser pulse (wavelength 1, 06 μm, pulse duration 6 ns).

The principle of operation of the detonator is as follows. When a charge is emitted from a photosensitive explosive by a laser pulse with an energy density exceeding the threshold of the detonator from the radiation pulse, an explosive charge transformation is excited, while the energy of its explosion is sufficient to initiate a charge from the secondary explosives directly (Figs. 1 and 2) or through additional charge from the explosive benzotrifuroxane or TENA (Fig.3 and 4).

The test results of the detonator based on a photosensitive explosive are summarized in table 1.

Thus, the use of the proposed detonator based on a photosensitive explosive provides a significant reduction in the threshold of sensitivity to a laser pulse, simplifying the design and manufacturing process (by ~ 10 p.), Minimizing the time and weight and size characteristics of the detonator, increasing the level of safety due to resistance to electromagnetic pulses by Compared to the prototype.

An additional technical result when using the proposed detonator is to lower the threshold of initiation of the detonator, providing the possibility of its operation with both optical support and without it.

The possibility of industrial application of the proposed detonator based on photosensitive explosives is confirmed by the following examples of specific performance.

Example 1

In laboratory conditions, a detonator based on photosensitive explosives is implemented on a prototype made in the form depicted in figure 1, where:

1 - laser radiation flux (wavelength 1.06 μm, pulse duration 6 ns, diameter of the irradiation region of the model ≈5 mm) from the source, 2 - metal shell of aluminum (internal diameter ≈5 mm, wall thickness 3 mm), 3 - optical support made of K-8 grade glass (diameter ≈5 mm, thickness ≈2 mm), 4 - extruded charge from a photosensitive mixed explosive: 87% highly dispersed TENA grade B (S = 9000 cm ² / g) and 13% aluminum with medium particle size 50 nm (height ≈7 mm, diameter ≈5 mm, density ≈0.95 g / cm ³ ).

Example 2

In laboratory conditions, a detonator based on photosensitive explosives is implemented on a prototype made in the form depicted in figure 2, where:

1 - laser radiation flux (wavelength 1.06 μm, pulse duration 6 ns, diameter of the irradiation region of the model ≈5 mm), 2 - metal shell of aluminum (internal diameter ≈5 mm, wall thickness 3 mm), 3 - optical support made of K-8 glass (diameter ≈5 mm, thickness ≈2 mm), 4 - pressed charge from a photosensitive mixed explosive: 87% of highly dispersed heating grade B (S = 20,000 cm ² / g) and 13% aluminum with an average particle size 50 nm (height ≈6-9 mm, diameter ≈5 mm, density ≈0.95 g / cm ³ ). The test results are summarized in table 1.

Example 3

In laboratory conditions, a detonator based on a photosensitive explosive is implemented on a prototype made in the form depicted in figure 3, where:

1 - laser radiation flux (wavelength 1, 06 μm, pulse duration 6 ns, diameter of the irradiation region of the model ≈5 mm), 2 - metal shell of aluminum (internal diameter ≈5 mm, wall thickness 3 mm), 3 - optical support K-8 glass (diameter ≈5 mm, thickness ≈2 mm), 4 - pressed charge from a photosensitive aircraft of 90% complex copper perchlorate and 10% optically transparent polymer (height ≈0.5-3 mm, diameter ≈5 mm, density ≈1,3-1,6 g / cm ^3), 5 - additional extruded from the secondary explosive charge - benzotrifuroksana or superfine PETN The mark (S = 20000 cm ² / g) having an average particle size in the range of 0.25-0.5 micron (height ≈4-6 mm diameter ≈5 mm, density g / cm ≈1,2-1,5 ³ ). The test results are shown in table 1.

Example 4

In laboratory conditions, a detonator based on photosensitive explosives is implemented on a prototype made in the form depicted in figure 2, where:

1 - laser radiation flux (wavelength 1, 06 μm, pulse duration 6 ns, diameter of the irradiation region of the model ≈5 mm), 2 - metal shell of aluminum (internal diameter ≈5 mm, wall thickness 3 mm), 3 - pressed charge from a photosensitive explosive composition: 90% complex copper perchlorate and 10% optically transparent polymer (height ≈0.5-3 mm, diameter ≈5 mm, density ≈1.43-1.6 g / cm), 4 - additional pressed charge from secondary explosives - benzotrifuroxan or TEN with an average particle size in the range of 0.25-0.5 microns (height ≈4-6 mm, diameter ≈5 mm, raft awn ≈1,2-1,5 g / cm ^3). The test results are summarized in table 1.

Pre-prepared mixture of photosensitive explosives; made:

- figure 1: by mechanical mixing of the components in the required proportion;

- figure 2: by mixing in chloroform the components in the required proportion.

The detonator response threshold from a laser pulse is:

- figures 1 and 2 - ~ 60 mJ / cm ² ;

- figure 3 - ~ 16 mJ / cm ² ;

- figure 3 - ~ 25 mJ / cm ² .

Prepared samples are subjected to control tests, the results of which are summarized in table 1.

As experiments have shown, the use of the proposed detonator and materials for it within the claimed limits of ratios and density, dispersion, provides increased safety, energy, time and weight and size characteristics.

Claims (2)

1. A detonator based on a photosensitive explosive, consisting of a metal shell, in which a mixed photosensitive explosive is placed, characterized in that an optical support made of optical glass is additionally installed in the metal shell, the mixed photosensitive explosive is made in the form of a pressed to density 0 , 9-1,1 g / cm ³ of a mixture of finely divided material PETN having a specific surface 4000-20000 cm ² / g and nanoaluminum with an average particle size of not more than 60 m, at a ratio of ingredients (parts by weight) of 75:15 to 95: 5, respectively. 2. The detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal shell contains an explosive made in the form of two extruded elements, the first element is made of a mixture of photosensitive explosive of the following composition, pressed to a density of 1.2-1.8 g / cm ³ : complex copper perchlorate and an optically transparent polymer at a ratio of 75:15 to 95: 5 (parts by weight), respectively, and the second element is from a secondary explosive pressed to a density of 1.1-1.6 g / cm ³ - benzotrifuroxane or TENA with an average size of frequent IC in the range of 0.25-0.5 microns.

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