RU2424490C1 - Safety detonator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations.

SUBSTANCE: explosive detonator includes thick-wall metal tube with charge hollow, inside which a bowl with primary priming powder is arranged, charge of basic substance, igniter, power supply line and housing sealing plug. Detonator is equipped with optical fuse made in the form of short-focus lens consisting of two focusing lenses, one dispersing lens and one input lens. Igniter is made in the form of a spacer with inoculating substance arranged in it. At that, short-focus lens is installed in tube on the side of spacer, and power supply line is made in the form of optic fibre, which passes through the sealing plug.

EFFECT: enhancement of drilling and blasting operations in explosive atmospheres, improved safety of mining work by using explosives, and reduction of their cost.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining, and in particular to drilling and blasting technology and methods for initiating explosive charges.

Known standard explosive detonator capsule No. 8 (S.K. Mangush, G.M. Kryukov, A.P. Fisun "Blasting operations in underground mining of minerals: Textbook for universities. / Edited by S.K. Mangush. - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Mining Sciences, 2000, pp. 88-104).

Known detonator capsule, consisting of a sleeve, inside which a cup is placed to accommodate the primary initiating substance (explosive mercury, THPC, lead azide), a powerful explosive charge (ten or hexogen) is located behind the cup, and the sleeve has a cumulative recess at the bottom for amplification actions of the main charge (Destruction of rocks. Kucheryavyi F.I., Kozhushko Yu.M. M .: Nedra, 1972, 240 pp.). Undermining the detonator capsule is carried out using a flame-retardant cord. A ray of fire from a fire-conducting cord through a hole in the cup ignites the primary initiating substance placed in the cup, and then the main explosive charge placed in the sleeve is triggered. The disadvantages of this device are the inability to use hazardous gas and dust in mines and the high complexity of blasting due to the limited burning time of the fire-resistant cord.

An electric detonator is also known, which differs from the detonator capsule by the presence of an electric incandescent bridge, fastening elements of the incandescent bridge, plugs for sealing the connection and electrical wires. The incandescent bridge of an electric detonator is covered with a solid flammable substance from lead minium, adhesive composition and nitrosilicocalcium (Destruction of rocks. Kucheryavyi F.I., Kozhushko Yu.M. M .: Nedra, 1972, 240 pp.). The disadvantages of this device are the danger of premature explosion from stray currents, as well as the inability to use in mines, dangerous for gas and dust.

Known designs of safety detonators using to initiate electric current, approved for use in mines, are hazardous in gas and dust, for example, commercially available models EDKZ-OP, EDKZ-35P, EDKZ-PK, EDKZ-PM. These are short-delayed detonators, which differ from instant-action detonators by the introduction of a retardant composition, placed in a sleeve between the incandescent bridge and the cup with the primary initiating substance. Safety properties are achieved by the use of thick-walled sleeves (ED-8P-59, ED-9-60), by applying to the outer surface of the protective layer (ED-8-PM) containing a flame arrester, pressing potassium sulfate (ED-PM- 63). The disadvantages of these devices are the danger of premature explosion from stray currents (Destruction of rocks. Kucheryavyi F.I., Kozhushko Yu.M. M., Nedra, 1972, 240 pp.).

The closest in technical essence is the Nonel system, (S.K. Mangush, G.M. Kryukov, A.P. Fisun "Blasting operations in underground mining of minerals: Textbook for universities. / Edited by S.K. Mangusha. - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Mining Sciences, 2000, pp. 88-104).

The system consists of two or three-layer high-strength polyvinyl chloride waveguide cords having an internal channel with a diameter of 2 mm and a detonator. The inner surface of the waveguide is covered with a layer of HMX with aluminum powder. This design of the waveguide makes it possible to transmit detonation at a speed of 2 km / s. The system is used in conjunction with a detonator without a primary initiating substance (US patent No. 4.727.808). The detonator consists of a sleeve, inside of which a retarding element, an initiating element and the main explosive charge are placed. A waveguide cord is inserted into the detonator sleeve, which, in turn, is secured to the sleeve using a plug.

The disadvantages of this device are the inability to use hazardous gas and dust in mines due to the possibility of hot gases breaking through the waveguide.

The technical result of the invention is to expand the capabilities of drilling and blasting in explosive atmospheres, increasing the safety of mining using explosives and reducing their cost.

The technical result is achieved in that in the detonator, which includes a thick-walled metal sleeve with a cumulative recess, inside which a cup with primary initiating substance is placed, a charge of the main substance, an igniter, an energy supply line and a cork for sealing the case, characterized in that it additionally contains an optical fuse made in the form of a short-focus lens, consisting of two focusing, one diffusing and one input lens, and the igniter is made in the form of a spacer with placement with a seed substance in it, while the short-focus lens is mounted in the sleeve on the side of the spacer, and the energy supply line is made in the form of an optical fiber that passes through the sealing plug.

The seed may be in the focus of the lens.

The seed substance may consist of lead minium, adhesive composition and nitrosilicocalcium in a ratio of 8: 1: 1, and the surface of the seed facing the optical system may be coated with a thin layer of black powder.

The device and operation of the proposed safety detonator and the method of its initiation is illustrated by the drawings and the following description.

Figure 1 shows the device of the detonator. The detonator consists of a sleeve - 1, in which a cup is placed with an opening for placement of the primary initiating substance - 2, and the main explosive charge is placed behind the cup. The sleeve has a cumulative recess - 16. A ceramic spacer - 4 with a cylindrical hole for placement of the seed - 5 is inserted into the sleeve, a short-focus lens is installed on the side of the spacer, placed in the holder - 6, which includes a collecting lens - 7, a diffusing lens - 8 the collecting lens is 9, the input lens is 10, the sealing tube is 11, through which the optical fiber passes 12. When assembling the structure according to the attached assembly drawing in figure 1, the end of the sleeve is rolled, thereby ensuring tightness s design in general. When assembled, the spacer constructively provides the conditions under which the seed plane is in focus F of the short focus lens. Figure 2 illustrates separately the assembly of the lens with the input lens - 10 and the input of the optical fiber - 12. Figure 3 illustrates the design of the spacer - 4 with the seed material placed in it - 5.

The detonator is detonated from a light source, for example, laser 14. The light stream enters from the laser 14 to the fuse 15, then to the input lens 13, with the help of which the light stream enters the optical fiber 12. Light propagating along the fiber optic line 12 enters the detonator on the input lens - 10, then using an objective assembly, the light is focused on the surface of the seed substance. In this case, the seed substance 5 is heated and begins to burn. A ray of fire from the seed hole enters the cup with the primary initiating substance - 2, ignites it, and then detonates the main charge - 3. The sequence of passage of the light flux is shown in figure 2.

A fuse (luminous flux interrupter) is necessary to ensure safe operation during the installation of the detonator and to prevent unauthorized light from entering the optical line.

Spacer 4 is made of ceramics to reduce heat dissipation, into which a seed made from lead minium, adhesive composition and nitrosilicocalcium is pressed in a ratio of 8: 1: 1, the surface of the seed facing the optical system is covered with a thin layer of black powder that can burn in negligible amounts quantities. Figure 1 shows the design of an instantaneous detonator. The given design of the detonator allows you to have both internal and external moderation. The internal moderation can be reproduced in a known manner by placing a moderating substance between the cup and the flammable composition. External deceleration can be done by modulating the laser.

Claims (3)

1. The detonator of an explosive, including a thick-walled metal sleeve with a cumulative recess, inside which is placed a cup with a primary initiating substance, a charge of the main substance, an igniter, an energy supply line and a cork for sealing the case, characterized in that it is equipped with an optical fuse made in the form a short-focus lens, consisting of two focusing, one scattering and one input lens, and the igniter is made in the form of a spacer with a seed substance placed in it, etc. This short-focus lens is mounted in the sleeve by the spacers and the energy supply line is in the form of an optical fiber which extends through the sealing plug. 2. The detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed substance is located in the focus of the lens. 3. The detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed substance consists of lead minium, adhesive composition and nitrosilicocalcium in a ratio of 8: 1: 1, and the surface of the seed facing the optical system is covered with a thin layer of black powder.

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