RU2427614C1 - Multi-functional additive to petrol - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas production.

SUBSTANCE: here is disclosed multi-functional additive to petrol on base of ethers of ortho-silicic acid additionally containing ethers of boric acid, oxygenate and washing additive at following ratio of components (wt %): ethers of ortho-silicic acid 0.1-50; ethers of boric acid 0.1-50; washing additive 0.001-45; oxygenates up to 100.

EFFECT: reduced soot deposits in combustion chamber and deposits on inlet and outlet valves, reduced contents of detrimental substances in spent gases, increased completeness of fuel combustion and reduced specific fuel consumption.

5 cl, 5 ex, 9 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to the field of oil refining, petrochemicals and the automotive industry, in particular, to the composition of the gasoline additive used in automotive internal combustion engines.

Additives are consumables intended for:

- improving the combustion conditions of the charges of the fuel mixtures in order to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases in such components as CO, CH and NO _x , SO _x , benz (α) pyrene;

- reduction of specific fuel consumption per unit (for example, 100 km) of the vehicle mileage;

- preventing the formation of deposits, varnishes and deposits on the details of the cylinder-piston group.

Urgent and massive demand for such multifunctional additives is due to:

- the need for a sharp reduction in emissions of toxic substances into the atmosphere;

- the need to increase the resource of working internal combustion engines;

- an increasing shortage of oil, which is a non-renewable natural resource, the reserves of which will end in this century;

- the need to reduce the specific consumption of petroleum products that are used in transport;

- the obvious need to reduce environmental costs.

An additive is already known containing 10-50% of the reaction product of monoethanolamine and / or diethanolamine with a monocarboxylic acid of the formula R-COOH, where R is an isoparaffinic, olefinic or alkylcycloparaffinic hydrocarbon radical containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms taken in a molar ratio of amine: acid equal to 1: 2-1: 3, and up to 100% of the hydrocarbon fraction boiling in the range of 250-500 ° C [US Pat. 2255961, Russia].

Known detergent additive containing the product of the interaction of distilled melt oil and / or fatty acid fractions of mealy oil with diethanolamine, taken in an acid: amine molar ratio of 3: 1, in mineral oil with a viscosity of not more than 15 cSt at 50 ° C and pour point not above minus 30 ° С. The additive further comprises individual alkylbenzenes or mixtures thereof with a boiling point of 138-184 ° C [US Pat. 2235119, Russia].

Known detergent additive containing the condensation product Manich, poly (oxyalkylene) polyolefins and carboxylic acids [US Pat. 6611519, USA].

Known detergent additive for motor gasolines based on the products of the interaction of technical alkylsalicylic acids and polyethylene polyamines of the general formula NH ₂ (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH) _n H, where n = 1-7, taken in a molar ratio of polyethyleneamines: technical alkyl salicylic acids from 1: 1 to 1: 2 based on alkyl salicylic acids. As an organic solvent, the additive contains petroleum oils or mixtures thereof with a kinematic viscosity of not more than 25 mm ² / s at 100 ° C and pour point not higher than minus 15 ° C, synthetic oils or mixtures thereof, polyetheramines or mixtures thereof [Pat. 2288943, Russia].

Known detergent additive for motor gasolines based on the reaction products of alkanolamines or alkylalkanolamines of the general formula R ¹ _m N (R ² OH) _n , where R ¹ -H, C ₁ -C ₃ ; R ² -C ₂ -C ₃ ; m = 1-2, n-3-m, with technical alkylsalicylic acids [Pat. 2284345, Russia].

Known detergent additive containing a poly (oxyalkylene) amide amine of the general formula (R ⁴ ) ₂ NR ³ —NC (O) R ² - (- CH ₂ —CHR ₁ —O—) _x —H, where R ₁ is alkyl, containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R ² -R ⁴ is methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl, R ³ is alkylene containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, x is 5-30, while the molecular weight of the compound is 600-4000 . The additive additionally contains a detergent - polyalkenylamines, alkyl succinimides, poly (oxyalkylene) carbates, poly (alkenyl) -N-substituted carbates and their mixture [Pat. 6454818, USA].

The disadvantage of all these additives is the complexity and energy consumption of obtaining, increased carbon formation on the piston of the engine when used in gasoline.

Known detergent additive of the General formula R ₁ S (R ₂ O) _x (R ₃ O) _at H, where R ₁ has the meanings selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl with 1-20 carbon atoms, acyl with 2-20 carbon atoms , aryl with 6-20 carbon atoms and the residue of a polyoxyalkylene alcohol of the general formula H (OR ₄ ) _z , where R _{4 is} alkyl with 2-20 carbon atoms, az has a value from 1 to 50. R ₂ and R ₃ are alkyl with 1- 20 carbon atoms, x has a value from 1 to 50, and y from 1 to 50. The average molecular weight of the additive is not less than 600 [Application 99109052/04, Russia].

The disadvantage of this additive is the presence of sulfur in the molecule, the content of which in gasoline is strictly limited by all world specifications for gasoline and the Russian Technical Regulations.

Known detergent additive, which is a Nickel salt of a mixture of fatty acids With ₁₀ -C ₁₆ [US Pat. 2237080, Russia].

The disadvantage of this additive is the presence of nickel in the molecule. The use of metal additives in gasoline is prohibited by all world gasoline specifications.

A fairly large number of detergents are known that are produced on an industrial scale and used in the production of marketable gasolines. In Russia, Keropur 3430N, Keropur 3458N, HITEC 6430 and AlcorAVTO additives are approved for use in gasoline.

The main disadvantage of these additives is the increase in carbon deposits on the piston [Nikitina EA, Emelyanov V.E., Bakaleynik A.M., Manaenkov V.M. - New fuels with additives. Proceedings of the IV International Scientific and Practical Conference, St. Petersburg, 2006, p. 68 - 72; Andreev S.V., Golovanov M.L., Gorodetsky M.L., Karavay V.P. - ibid., pp. 73-78].

Known additive, which is a mixture of 0.1-1.0% metal acetylacetonate and 99.0-99.9% tetraethoxysilane (ethyl ester of orthosilicic acid) mixed with products of its hydrolysis - dimer, thimer and tetramer [US Pat. 207742, Russia]. The additive removes deposits and deposits well from the combustion chamber (piston and cylinder head).

The disadvantage of the additive is the presence in its composition of hydrolysis products of tetraethoxysilane of variable composition, which leads to increased sedimentation on the intake valves and to an increase in temperature in the combustion chamber. In addition, the inconsistency of the composition of the ingredients of the additive leads to a large scatter of the results of its action.

This additive was chosen by us for the prototype.

The objective of the invention is:

- reduction of carbon deposits in the combustion chamber and deposits on the intake and exhaust valves;

- reduction of harmful substances in exhaust gases;

- increasing the completeness of fuel combustion and reducing specific fuel consumption.

The task is achieved by the fact that boron compounds, commodity detergents and oxygenates are additionally added to individual orthosilicic acid esters in the following ratio of components (wt.%):

esters of orthosilicic acid 0.1-50 boric acid esters 0.1-50 washing additive 0.001-45 oxygenates up to 100.

As esters of orthosilicic acid, tetra-methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, phenoxy and o-cresyloxysilanes are used. This significantly expands the raw material base of the additive. In addition, these compounds are produced by modern industry without impurities of hydrolysis products - di-, tri- and tetramers, which increases the stability of the additive during storage and the stability of the action of the additive during its use and reduces the amount of deposits on the intake valves.

The use of boron-soluble compounds in a fuel makes it possible to introduce a micro amount of boron into each next charge of a fresh fuel mixture, whose ions exhibit catalytic activity during the initiation and progression of combustion in the entire volume of each of these charges [Roiter V.A. Catalytic properties of substances. Reference book: Kiev. Naukova Dumka. 1968. - 1464 p.].

Thus, the temperature field is equalized in the combustion chambers, which reduces the amount of thermal NO _x , which is usually formed at peak temperatures, and ensures the combustion of fuel hydrocarbons to non-toxic CO ₂ and water with a corresponding decrease in exhaust toxicity in general [1. Internal combustion engines. Theory of work processes. / Lukin V.N. et al. / - M.: Higher School, 1995. - 369 p .; 2. Nikolaenko A.V., Shkrabak V.V. Power plants and machines. Internal combustion engines: Textbook. allowance. - SPb .: Publishing house of SPbGAU, 2004. - 438 p .; 3. Maslov V.V. // Shipbuilding, 1995, No. 8-9, p. 18-22 .; 4. Hilder G., Zeilingtr K., Woschni G. 21 ^st International CIMAC Congress on Combustion engines, Geneva, Switzerland, 1995, D 67.].

Almost complete combustion of the fuel leads to a decrease in its specific consumption due to underburning, the absence of tarry substances and soot particles in the exhaust gases reduces the amount of soot and deposits in the combustion chamber and gas exhaust tract [Theoretical Foundations of Chemotology. / ed. Bratkova A.A. / - M .: chemistry, 1985. - 320 p .; Danilov A.M. Introduction to Chemotology. - M .: Technique, 2003. - 464 p.].

Methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, phenoxy and o-cresyloxy borates are used as boric acid esters. This significantly expands the raw material base of the additive.

The proposed additive further comprises industrial additives Keropur 3430N, Keropur 345 8N, HITEC 6430 and AlcorAVTO as a washing additive.

The proposed additives make it possible to keep the intake valves and carburetor clean, and also reduce the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases [Nikitina EA, Emelyanov V.E., Bakaleinik A.M., Manaenkov V.M. - New fuels with additives. Proceedings of the IV International Scientific and Practical Conference., St. Petersburg, 2006, p. 68-72; Andreev S.V., Golovanov M.L., Gorodetsky M.L., Karavay V.P. - ibid., pp. 73-78].

The proposed additive further contains oxygenates: monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydroxyketones, acetals, ethers and esters, cyclic ethers, diesters and epoxides. The presence of oxygenates in the additive homogenizes and stabilizes it and prevents the hydrolysis of esters of boric and orthosilicic acids.

The introduction of additives containing oxygenates into the fuel improves the completeness of fuel combustion and reduces the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases [Danilov A.M. The use of additives in fuels. - M .: Mir, 2005. - 288 p.].

Oxygenates contribute to the binding of water contained in the fuel and its uniform distribution throughout the fuel volume and fuel charge in the combustion chamber, which significantly improves its combustion conditions [Ethyl alcohol in motor fuel / ed. Makarova V.V. M .: LLC "RAU-University", 2005. - 184 p.]. In addition, oxygenates are washed out of the fuel system and fuel tank low-temperature deposits, preventing aging of the fuel and the growth of its corrosivity [1. Shekhter Yu.N. and others. Work-preservation lubricants. - M .: Chemistry, 1979. - 256 p. No.; 2. Barannik V.P., Karepina M.A. On the cause of the protective effect of organic corrosion inhibitors. Scientific notes OZPI. T.IV, 1957.].

A method of preparing an additive according to the invention is as follows:

1. - in the range of ratios of ingredients specified in the essence of the invention and further in table No. 1, a specific additive formulation is selected;

2. - in the laboratory, on the analytical balance, the necessary quantities of the additive ingredients are weighed;

3. - in a three-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a stirrer, a refrigerator, a thermometer and a loading funnel with the stirrer working, all liquid components are loaded in turn;

4. - mix the additive for 5-10 minutes;

5. - stop the mixer and filter the obtained additive into the container through a paper filter for storage and further use.

This method of preparation of additives is technologically advanced and can easily be carried out at any chemical or petrochemical enterprise, because the technological scheme for the preparation of additives consists of a set of standard devices for chemical and petrochemical synthesis.

As an example of a specific implementation of the additive preparation process, we present the technology for producing sample No. 5 (see Table 1).

Compositions of tested additives

Table 1 Sample No. The composition of the additive,% Orthosilicic ester Boric acid ester Washing additive Oxygenate one Ethyl - 40 Butyl - 10 Keropur 345 8N - 20 Butanol - 30 2 Phenyl - 15 Orthocresil - 35 ITEC 6430 - 40 Ethanol - 10 3 Methyl - 30 Phenyl - 5 AlcorAVTO - 3 Dioxane - 62 four Orthocresil - 3 Methyl - 3 Keropur 343 ON - 4 Ethyl tert-butyl ether - 90 5 Butyl - 25 Ethyl - 25 Keropur 345 8N - 40 Ethyl acetate - 5 Isobutanol - 5

250 g of orthosilicic acid butyl ether were placed in a 1.0 liter three-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a propeller stirrer, a thermometer, a ball cooler and a loading funnel. The stirrer was turned on and at a temperature of 22.3 ° C., 50 g of ethyl acetate, 50 g of isobutanol, 250 g of boric acid ethyl ester and 400 g of Keropur 345 8N additive were successively charged. The mixture was stirred for about 5 minutes. The solution was filtered through a blue ribbon paper filter into a dark glass glass bottle with a tight-fitting stopper.

For experimental verification of the feasibility and effectiveness of the invention, additives were prepared and tested that contained active ingredients within the stated limits.

The best examples of the invention are presented below.

Tests of fuel gasoline compositions were carried out on a test bench with a BA3-2108 engine. The stand is equipped with systems that ensure its functioning under all test modes, as well as instrumentation and recording equipment that allows you to monitor and record all the parameters of the engine and its systems necessary for operation and research (fuel supply, cooling, etc.).

For testing, the VA3-2108 engine is mounted on a stand, which includes the following systems and equipment:

- brake device;

- remote control of the engine with instruments for monitoring its operation;

- a device for connecting the engine to the brake;

- engine water cooling system;

- engine lubrication system;

- fuel system with a device for measuring fuel consumption;

- air supply system;

- exhaust system.

The test bench for fuel compositions is equipped with an electrobrake installation manufactured by the MEZ VETETIN (Czechoslovakia), consisting of:

- DS 926-4 V balancing dynamometer with scales, torque sensor, photoelectric rotation speed sensor and fan for independent cooling;

- Leonard DP 1126-4 converter (motor-generator);

- a distribution cabinet 4 RN 2088 with a double brake exciter and a dynamometer regulator for regulating the speed of rotation and torque;

- a console with control equipment, a speed indicator (a voltmeter calibrated in min ^-1 , accuracy class 1.5) and an ammeter in the chain of anchors.

The balancing dynamometer is equipped with an additional device, which includes instruments for digital measurement of torque and rotational speed. The DS 926-4 V DC Balancing Dynamometer is designed to determine torque and power. The dynamometer can work in both directions of rotation. The dynamometer scales are equipped with a round dial with a scale illuminated by a discharge tube. The scale is calibrated in newtonometers.

The engine, electric brake installation and the operation of the installation systems are controlled from a remote control. On the control panel there is a regulator for setting the required value of rotation speed and torque, instruments for analogue measurement of the number of revolutions and current in the chain of anchors, switches for selecting the direction of rotation of the dynamometer and the rest of the equipment necessary for the operation of the dynamometer and alarm. The required rotation speed is maintained constant by introducing speed feedback, and a photoelectric speed sensor located on the front side of the dynamometer and forming part of it is used as a feedback link. The required value of the rotation speed and torque can be smoothly adjusted using a common element - a potentiometer with an accuracy of setting the number of revolutions of the order of 10 min ^-1 . The constancy of the required rotation speed can be maintained with an accuracy of 0.5% with respect to the maximum rotation speed. The constancy of the required torque can be maintained with an accuracy of 1.0% with respect to the nominal torque.

The engine is connected to the electric braking system using a cardan shaft, which compensates for misalignment of the motor and brake shafts.

An open-type engine cooling system, including: an engine cooling jacket; centrifugal pump driven by a crankshaft; expansion tank mixer, pipelines for supplying and discharging water. Monitoring the thermal state of the engine is carried out using a standard coolant temperature sensor installed in the cylinder head of the engine, information from which is displayed on a standard temperature gauge on the engine remote control panel. In addition, an additional air blowing of the engine with the help of an industrial fan was applied, which imitates the cooling of the engine by the incoming air flow when the car is moving.

A standard engine oil system is used to lubricate the engine.

The fuel system includes: a fuel tank; Automated fuel flow meter D-1, which allows to determine fuel consumption with an accuracy of 0.5%; connecting pipelines; fuel feed pump; carburetor; carburetor control mechanism. The carburetor throttle opening control is made to the engine remote control.

The exhaust system is a large diameter pipeline that provides low pressure loss at the outlet, and also includes an exhaust ventilation system for the test box.

Testing of the fuel compositions was carried out on the stand described above in accordance with the requirements of GOST 14846.

The corresponding industrial detergents were selected as a model for comparison with the patented additive, for which there is a huge amount of data and the improvement of the properties of which is most indicative and technically very necessary, since the use of modern fuels with detergents in old engines leads to a significant deterioration in their energy and environmental parameters .

The test results are shown below.

Dependence of specific fuel consumption on engine speed.

table 2 The number of revolutions, min ^-1 Specific consumption of Ai 92 base gasoline, g _e1 , kg / kWh Specific consumption of Au 92 gasoline with 0.01% additive Keropur 3458N, g _e2 , kg / kWh Specific consumption of Au 92 gasoline with 0.01% of sample 5, g _e3 , kg / kWh 1500 0.315 0.314 0,309 2000 0.302 0,301 0,300 2500 0.313 0.314 0.311 3000 0,301 0,300 0.299 3500 0.294 0.295 0.292

Table 3 The load characteristics of the engine VA3-21083 n = 2000 rpm Mode number Base fuel AI-92 Base fuel AI-92 + 0.01% additive Keropur 3458N Base fuel AI-92 + 0.01% of sample 5 Torque Me, nm Specific fuel consumption, g _e1 , kg / kW · h Torque Me, nm Specific fuel consumption, g _e2 , kg / kW · h Torque Me, nm Specific fuel consumption, g _e3 , kg / kW · h one 19.95 0.432 19.84 0.419 20.06 0.398 2 39.89 0.310 40.07 0,303 40.12 0.299 3 59.84 0.266 59.98 0.259 60.18 0.253 four 79.79 0.265 80.31 0.258 80.25 0.243 5 100.73 0.298 103.22 0.297 105.32 0.294

Table 4 The load characteristics of the engine VA3-21083 n = 3000 rpm Mode number Base fuel AI-92 Base fuel AI-92 + 0.01% Keropur 3458N Base fuel AI-92 + 0.01% of sample 5 Torque Me, nm Specific fuel consumption, g _e1 , kg / kW · h Torque Me, nm Specific fuel consumption, g _e2 , kg kW · h Torque Me, nm Specific fuel consumption, g _e3 , kg / kW · h one 20.06 0.433 19.98 0.432 20.18 0.403 2 40.12 0.297 40.09 0.296 40.36 0.293 3 60.18 0.247 60.45 0.247 60.56 0.245 four 80.25 0.230 80.92 0.230 80.73 0.227 5 115.35 0.288 116.7 0.286 118.07 0.284

Table 5 Environmental characteristics of the engine VA3-21083 n = 3000 rpm Mode number Base fuel AI-92 Base fuel AI-92 + 0.01% additive Keropur 3458N Base fuel AI-92 + 0.01% of sample 5 WITH,% CH, ppm NOx ppm CO% CH, ppm NOx ppm WITH,% CH, ppm NOx ppm one 0.141 92 1189 0.136 81 902 0.130 78 897 2 0,095 103 2559 0,093 93 2148 0,090 89 2063 3 0,075 105 3484 0,073 102 3199 0,069 99 3085 four 0,077 106 3772 0,072 97 3745 0,069 94 3689 5 6,333 166 767 5,432 154 728 5,098 147 705

Table 6 Dependence of specific fuel consumption on engine speed. The number of revolutions, min ^-1 Specific gasoline consumption Аи-95, g _e4 , kg / kW · h Specific consumption of Au-95 gasoline + 0.01% Keropur 3458N g _e5 additive, kg / kW · h Specific gasoline consumption Аи-95, + 0,01% of sample 1, g _e6 , kg / kW · h Specific consumption of Ai-95 gasoline + 0.01% Alcor-AUTO g _e7 , kg / kWh Specific consumption of Au-95 gasoline, + 0.01% of sample 3, g _e8 , kg / kW · h 1500 0.317 0.316 0.310 0.316 0.311 2000 0,300 0,300 0.297 0.299 0.298 2500 0.311 0,309 0,307 0.310 0,309 3000 0.299 0.295 0.289 0,300 0.295 3500 0.297 0.296 0.295 0.296 0.293

To determine the ability of the additive to reduce deposits on the inlet system of the engine, tests were carried out according to the qualification “Method for assessing the tendency of motor gasolines to form deposits in the carburetor, on the intake valves and in the combustion chamber” at the NAMI-1M installation.

The essence of the method is to test gasolines at the NAMI-1M installation, the basis of which is a single-cylinder engine compartment ZIL-130, operating in cycles of 5 minutes with a change of 4 different modes during one cycle, and subsequent assessment of deposits in the carburetor, at the intake valve and in the combustion chamber. In order to tighten the conditions of formation of deposits, the engine runs on an enriched air-fuel mixture and with partial exhaust gas recirculation.

Test modes are presented in table.7.

Table 7 Time min Rotation frequency, min ^-1 Engine torque, Nm 1,0 700 0 (h.kh.) 1,0 1600 17 1,0 900 32 2.0 1100 19 Idle adjustment - 700 min ^-1 , 2.5 ± 0.5% СО Exhaust Gas Recirculation - 3.0-10.0% CO Temperature: water - 90 ± 5 ° С oil - 83 ± 2 ° C inlet air - 35 ± 5 ° C

The test duration is 18 hours.

At the end of the test, sediment in the carburetor, inlet valve and in the combustion chamber are evaluated.

The degree of contamination of the carburetor is evaluated visually on a scale in accordance with the methodology “CRC 219 Permiter Center Parkinay Atlanta, Georgia 30346, HAS”.

Sediment on the intake valve and in the combustion chamber is estimated by weight in mg / h tests.

The test results are given in table.8.

Table 8 Deposits unit of measurement Base fuel AI-95 Base fuel AI-95 + 0.01% additive Keropur 3430N Base fuel AI-95 + 0.01% of sample 4 Carb deposits Score 6.7 6.1 5.8 Intake valve deposits mg / h test 8.6 7.5 6.8 Deposits in the combustion chamber mg / h test 78 93 51

The ability of the additive to reduce deposits on the intake system of the engine was tested by the test for maintaining the cleanliness of the intake system CEC F-05-A-93.

The test is designed to assess the quality of gasoline by maintaining the cleanliness of the intake system using detergents according to a standard method. Tests are carried out on a Daimler Chrysler M102E engine running on test gasoline for 60 hours according to the cycle defined by the CEC standard. The weight of the deposits on the intake valves (IVD) is determined for each valve. In this case, the average value of the indicator for valves is IVD (mg / valve) as the final result. Additionally measured the amount of deposits in the combustion chamber - on the surface of the cylinder cover, as well as on the piston surface and piston seal - together characterizing the total deposits in the combustion chamber (TCD).

It is known that the results of this test are influenced by many parameters, so the tests were carried out sequentially on the same engine directly one after another, keeping all parameters and engine adjustments unchanged.

The test results are shown in table.9.

CEC Test Results F-05-A-93 for Tested Fuel Compositions

Table 9 Fuel composition Deposits on valves, mg / valve Deposits in the combustion chamber, mg Base fuel AI-95 111 5103 Base fuel AI-95 + 0.01% of sample 4 54 1675 Base fuel AI-95 + 0.01% of sample 2 47 2073

The above test results confirm the solution of the tasks posed by the authors and the effectiveness of the patented additive.

Claims (5)

1. A multifunctional gasoline additive based on orthosilicic acid esters, characterized in that it additionally contains boric acid esters, oxygenates and a washing additive in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
esters of orthosilicic acid 0.1-50 boric acid esters 0.1-50 washing additive 0.001-45 oxygenates up to 100 2. The multifunctional gasoline additive according to claim 1, characterized in that tetra-methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, phenoxy and o-cresyloxy silanes are used as orthosiliconate esters. 3. The multifunctional gasoline additive according to claim 1, characterized in that tri-methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, phenoxy and o-cresyloxy borates are used as boric acid esters. 4. The multifunctional gasoline additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the commercial additives Keropur 3430N, Keropur 3458N, HITEC 6430 and AlcorAVTO are used as the washing additive. 5. The multifunctional gasoline additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydroxyketones, acetals, ethers and esters, cyclic ethers and diesters, epoxides as oxygenates.