RU2424660C1 - Composition for treating plants and fruits and methods of increasing yield of horticultural and plant products and increasing storage life thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The composition for treating plants and fruits at the vegetation phase or harvested horticultural or plant products contains active substances - adamantane and/or derivatives thereof and cyclopropene and/or 1-alkyl-substituted derivatives. The composition can be clathrates of cyclodextrin and active substances. High yield of horticultural and plant products is achieved by spraying onto the surface of the plants, fruits and vegetables a composition in form of a solution or aqueous suspension of clathrates of cyclodextrin and active substances. Longer storage life of said products is achieved by bringing plant, fruit and vegetable harvest into contact with vapour of active substances of the composition. ^ EFFECT: invention increases storage life of harvest. ^ 3 cl, 2 tbl, 9 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the technology of growing and preserving fruits and vegetables and plant products - fruits (apples, pears, bananas, apricots, annona, persimmons, avocados, cherimoya, passion fruit, etc.), vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, etc. .), berries (strawberries, strawberries, raspberries, etc.), plants (parsley, dill, etc.).

Currently, the most significant factor determining the low productivity of horticultural and vegetable farms, as well as large losses during storage of the crop, is the increased instability and stressfulness of weather conditions. As a result of climate change, the increase in its instability and technogenic pollution of the environment, plants are increasingly exposed to repeated exposure to a complex of adverse (stress) factors. With an increase in the complex of unfavorable factors, the resistance of plants and fruits decreases, they become more susceptible to damage by harmful organisms, and for this reason, the yield decreases and quickly deteriorates.

No less significant change in weather conditions affects the species composition of harmful plant objects and their fruits. In particular, there is an accumulation of phytopathogenic infection (scab, phyllosticts, fruit rot), as well as an increase in non-infectious pathology in various cultures.

Along with fungal diseases, various diseases of viral origin are becoming increasingly dangerous for horticultural and vegetable growing farms. These include chlorotic leaf spotting, fossility and furrowing of wood on apple and pear, chlorotic and necrotic leaf spotting and scab on cherry and plum, curly leaves on shrub berry crops, mosaics on strawberries.

Recently, a method has spread in the world in which, in order to increase the yield of fruits and vegetables and crop production and increase its shelf life, plants and fruits are treated with compositions containing so-called ethylene modulators (WO 2005044002), and in particular cyclopropene and its alkyl derivatives. It is noted that the processing of plants and fruits with compositions containing ethylene modulators allows to slow down the enzymatic processes in plants and fruits and, as a result, to regulate the time of their ripening, falling leaves, and so on. It is also noted that after the treatment of plants and fruits with such compositions, there is a decrease in certain physiological diseases (tanning, decay from aging, wet burns, oiliness of the skin, etc.) and mushroom rot.

Processing with such compositions can be carried out by contacting plants and fruits that are both in the vegetation phase (plant and fruit growth), and after the harvest of fruits and vegetables and crop products. It is noted that currently the most effective are compositions containing 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). These compositions under the trademarks AFXRD-038, SmartFresh (USA and Europe) and Phytomag (Russia) have been widely used for the last five years to process plants and fruits that are in the vegetation phase (EP 1856975, EP 1856976, EP 1787513 ), and for post-harvest processing of crops before laying them for storage (RU 2325810, RU 2325811, RU 2267272, US 6313068).

Despite the rather high efficiency of the above compositions and methods, they are still not without drawbacks.

Thus, the main disadvantage of methods using compositions based on 1-MCP is the high rate of consumption of the active substance (1-MCP), due to its very high volatility. This is especially evident in the preparation and use of liquid compositions for spraying plants that are at different phases of vegetation, where there is an untimely release of 1-MCP from the composition even before it is delivered to plants (before spraying). That is why these compositions must be used within 1 hour after their preparation (EP 1856975). Often, when processing large areas (especially in warm, hot weather), it is not possible to process this composition for such a short period of time, and to compensate for 1-MCP losses, increased consumption rates of the composition and / or multiple processing of plants are required.

Another disadvantage of the above compositions containing 1-MCP is the use in their composition of sufficiently large quantities of expensive substances - 1-MCP and cyclodextrins.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method for increasing the yield of agricultural products, increasing its shelf life and reducing consumption rates of expensive substances by using compositions containing other cheaper and more effective active substances.

The inventors have found that contact of plants, fruits and vegetables at various stages of vegetation with compositions comprising active substances such as adamantane and / or its derivatives and cyclopropene and / or its 1-alkyl substituted derivatives leads to an increase the crop.

In turn, the contact of the harvested plants, fruits and vegetables with the above compositions can also significantly increase the shelf life of the harvested crop.

Adamantane and its derivatives used to illustrate this method, their structure, as well as methods for their preparation are shown in table 1. The use of other derivatives of adamantane is not contraindicated.

Cyclopropene (CP), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), 1-butylcyclopropene (1-HCP), 1-hexylcyclopropene (1-HCP), 1-octylcyclopropene (1-OCP), used to illustrate this method, as well as methods their receipt are shown in table 1.

The use of other alkyl substituted cyclopropenes is not contraindicated.

In the case of the use of active substances that are unstable at ambient conditions, it is preferable to use compositions that are cyclodextrin clathrates and such unstable active substances.

The contact of plants, fruits and vegetables at various stages of vegetation with the compositions can be performed more than once.

Preferably, the contact of plants, fruits and vegetables with the compositions is carried out 5-20 days before harvest and immediately after placing the harvested crop in a storage or container.

The contact of plants and fruits in the growing phase with compositions containing active substances can be accomplished by spraying solutions or suspensions of active substances or their clathrates in water above the surface (area) of growing crops. In this case, from the particles of the composition falling on the surface of plants and / or fruits, active substances gradually begin to desorb (pass into the gas phase), which, in turn, come into contact (interact) with the biological tissue of plants or fruits.

The contact of the harvested plants, fruits and vegetables can be carried out by natural or forced evaporation of the active substances from the composition. For this, the composition is placed in various places of the store, previously filled with the crop. Gradually, the active substances from the composition pass into the gas phase and come into contact with the biological tissue of plants or fruits. To accelerate the process of release of active substances from the composition into the gas volume of the storage, the composition can be placed on a heated surface.

To release active substances from compositions containing clathrates, the compositions are immersed in water or an aqueous solution containing substances that facilitate the release of active substances from clathrates. In addition, air sparging can be used to facilitate the release of active substances from clathrates.

Alkalis, acids, and a number of other substances can be used as substances that facilitate the release of active substances from compositions containing clathrates.

Examples illustrating the composition of the compositions and methods for their preparation are given below.

Composition 1

As active substances, 5,7-dimethyl-1,3-dehydroadamantane and 1-MCP were used.

5,7-dimethyl-1,3-dehydroadamantane (0.6 g) was added to an aqueous solution (300 ml) containing α-cyclodextrin (13.2% wt.), And the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature until a homogeneous solution was formed. After that, the 1-MCP obtained according to patent RU 2267477 was fed (sparged) into the resulting mixture at a rate of 0.5 ml / min. After three hours, the supply of 1-MCP was stopped, and solid particles, which were cyclodextrin clathrates with 5,7-dimethyl-1,3-dehydroadamantane and 1-MCP, were filtered from the resulting suspension. The filter cake was dried and ground to a particle size of 40 microns.

In total, 10 g of a dry powder of the composition was obtained,% wt .: MCP - 0.7; 5,7-dimethyl-1,3-dehydroadamantane - 5.3; α-cyclodextrin - the rest.

Composition 2

As active substances, 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid and 1-HCP were used.

2 g of 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid and 0.7 g of 1-HCP were added to 1000 ml of an aqueous solution of β-cyclodextrin (1.5 wt%) and stirred for three hours at 50 ° C. The resulting liquid composition containing 0.2% of the mass. 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid and 0.07% of the mass. 1-HCP in the form of clathrates with β-cyclodextrin was used to treat plants at the vegetation stage.

Composition 3

Adamantane and 1-OCP were used as active substances.

1.6 g of adamantane and 0.1 g of 1-OCP were mixed with 100 ml of an aqueous solution of α-cyclodextrin (8.0% wt.).

The resulting liquid composition containing 1.6% of the mass. adamantane and 0.1% of the mass. 1-OCP in the form of clathrates with α-cyclodextrin was used to treat plants at the vegetation stage.

Composition 4

As the active substances used 1-bromadamantane and 1-MCP.

1-Bromadamantane (0.9 g) was added to an aqueous solution (300 ml) containing α-cyclodextrin (14.1% wt.), And the resulting mixture was stirred at 45 ° C until a homogeneous solution was formed. After that, the 1-MCP obtained according to patent RU 2267477 was fed into the resulting mixture at a rate of 0.7 ml / min. After three hours, the supply of 1-MCP was stopped, and solid particles — α-cyclodextrin clathrates with 1-MCP and 1-bromadamantane were separated from the resulting suspension by filtration. The filter cake was dried and ground to a particle size of 40 microns.

In total, 9 g of a dry powder containing 0.9% of the mass was obtained. 1-MCP, 1.3% of the mass. bromadamantane. The powder was used in the form of a suspension for processing plants during the growing season.

Composition 5

2,4-dehydroadamantane and CP were used as active substances.

2,4-Dehydroadamantane (1 g) was added to an aqueous solution (300 ml) containing α-cyclodextrin (14.1% wt.) And the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature until a homogeneous solution was formed. After that, the CP obtained according to patent RU 2267477 (where allyl chloride was used instead of metal chloride) was fed into the resulting mixture at a rate of 0.9 ml / min. After three hours, the CP supply was stopped, and α-cyclodextrin clathrates with CP and 2,4-dehydroadamantane were separated from the resulting suspension by filtration. The filter cake was dried and ground to a particle size of 40 microns.

A total of 8 g of dry powder containing 0.5% of the mass was obtained. SR and 1.1% of the mass. 2,4-dehydroadamantane. The powder was used to treat plants during the growing season.

Composition 6

Adamantane and 1-MCP were used as active substances.

Adamantane (1.2 g) was added to an aqueous solution (300 ml) containing α-cyclodextrin (13.8% wt.), And the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature until a homogeneous solution was formed. After that, 1-MCP obtained according to patent RU 2267477 was fed into the mixture at a rate of 0.6 ml / min. After four hours, the supply of 1-MCP was stopped and α-cyclodextrin clathrates with 1-MCP and with adamantane were separated by filtration from the resulting suspension. The filter cake was dried and ground to a particle size of 40 microns.

A total of 11 g of dry powder was obtained containing 0.9% of the mass. 1-MCP and 3.1% of the mass. adamantane.

Composition 7

As active substances, 2-hydroxyadamantane and CP were used.

2-hydroxyadamantane (1.1 g) was added to an aqueous solution (300 ml) containing α-cyclodextrin (14.2% wt.), And the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature until a homogeneous solution was formed. After this, CP was fed into the resulting mixture at a rate of 0.9 ml / min. After four hours, the CP supply was stopped, and α-cyclodextrin clathrates with CP and 2-hydroxyadamantane were separated by filtration from the resulting suspension. The resulting precipitate was dried and ground to a particle size of 40 microns.

In total, 10 g of dry powder containing 0.8% by mass was obtained. SR and 2.6% of the mass. 2-hydroxyadamantane.

Composition 8

The composition was a mixture of 5-butyl-1,3-dehydroadamantane (80% wt.) And 1-HRV (20% wt.).

Composition 9

The composition was a mixture of adamantane (85% wt.) And 1-HCP (15% wt.).

Composition 10

The composition was a mixture of 1,3-dehydroadamantane (60% wt.) And 1-OCP (40% wt.).

Composition 11

The active substances used were adamantane, 5-butyl-1,3-dehydroadamantane, CP and 1-OCP (four active substances).

0.9 g of adamantane, 0.6 g of 5-butyl-1,3-dehydroadamantane and 0.06 g of 1-OCP were mixed with 100 ml of an aqueous solution of α-cyclodextrin (13.8% wt.). After this, CP was fed into the resulting mixture at a rate of 0.5 ml / min. After four hours, the CP feed was stopped, and α-cyclodextrin clathrates with adamantane, 5-butyl-1,3-dehydroadamantane, CP and and 1-OCP were separated from the resulting suspension by filtration. The resulting precipitate was dried and ground to a particle size of 40 microns.

A total of 5 g of dry powder was obtained containing 0.2% of the mass. SR, 0.5% of the mass. 1-OCP, 0.7% of the mass. 5-butyl-1,3-dehydroadamantane and 0.9% of the mass. adamantane.

Composition 12

The composition was a mixture of three active substances: adamantane (52% wt.), 2,4-dehydroadamantane (18% wt.) And 1-OCP (30% wt.) And was used to process the harvested crop.

Composition 13 (comparative)

The composition was obtained according to the procedure described in example 1, but adamantane and its derivatives were not used.

The total amount of dry powder obtained (α-cyclodextrin clathrate and 1-MCP) was 10 g with a content of 1-MCP 3.0% wt.

Examples 1-5 illustrate the effectiveness of the compositions when spraying them in the form of a suspension or liquid solution over the surface of the growth of plants in different phases of vegetation.

To illustrate the effectiveness of the method, the following plants were selected:

- Apple trees varieties Renet Simirenko. Rootstock M9, semi-dwarf. Planting scheme 4 × 2 m. Year of planting - 2003. The number of control and experimental trees - 10 pcs.

- Apple trees of Golden Delicious (M9 stock, dwarf). Planting pattern 3.5 × 1.5 m. Year of planting - 2002. Soil maintenance system - sodding. The number of control and experimental trees - 20 pcs.

- Pear cultivars August dew. Quince stockstock, planting pattern 5 × 4 m, planting year 2002, the number of experimental trees - 20 each.

- Plum grade Stanley. Landing pattern 5 × 4 m. The soil maintenance system is black steam. Year of planting 2003. The number of experimental trees - 10 each.

- Tomatoes of the Mirage variety. The number of control and experimental bushes - 40 pcs.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the composition was carried out by comparing the yield of fruits and vegetables obtained after spraying the composition in the form of a solution or suspension over the surface of plants, fruits and vegetables (treated area) and the yield of similar fruits and vegetables in the area obtained on the untreated composition area (control area).

Example 1

Processing Apple trees varieties Renet Simirenko conducted twice.

For the first time, an aqueous suspension of composition 1 was sprayed over the surface of plants that were in the growing phase “Separation of the bud”. The suspension flow rate was 0.12 l / m ² .

The suspension was prepared by mixing 0.5 g of composition 1 with 5 ml of spindle oil (TU 38.1011232-89), after which the resulting mixture was added with stirring to an aqueous solution (5 L) containing 0.2% by weight. Agnique® PG 8107 Alkyl Polyglycoside Surfactant.

The second time, the treatment was carried out 20 days before harvesting by spraying a 0.1% aqueous solution of composition 2 in water above the plant growth surface with a flow rate of 0.13 l / m ² .

At the same time, the same two-time treatment of plants was carried out with a suspension obtained according to example 1, but using composition 13.

The results of a comparative assessment of the size of the crop obtained in untreated plots and plots treated with compositions 1, 2 and 13 are shown in table 2.

Example 2

Processing Pears cultivars August dew was carried out twice. For the first time, an aqueous suspension of composition 4 was sprayed over the pear growing surface during the vegetation phase - “Falling of the ovary”, a suspension was prepared by sequentially mixing 0.7 g of composition 4 with 10 ml of sunflower oil and then adding the above mixture with continuous stirring to an aqueous solution (5 liters) 0.25% aqueous solution of the cremofor A-6 surfactant. The flow rate of the suspension was 0.07 l / m ² .

The second treatment of the same plants was carried out 5 days before harvest by spraying a 0.1% aqueous solution of composition 3 above the surface of the plants. The flow rate of the solution of composition 3 was 0.09 l / m ² .

At the same time, the same two-time treatment of plants was carried out with a suspension obtained according to example 2, but using composition 13.

The results of a comparative assessment of the crop obtained in areas treated with compositions 3, 4 and 13, and untreated areas are shown in table 2.

The crop obtained in the areas treated with compositions 3 and 4, composition 13, as well as in the untreated area, was placed in storage and stored in them at a temperature of + 3 ° C in a normal atmosphere for 2 months. After that, all the storages were opened, and a comparison was made of the quality of the processed fruits and fruits in the control lot.

It was found that 20% of the fruits of the crop obtained from the untreated plot, affected by "Tan" and rot.

In contrast, in the fruit crop obtained from the plot treated with compositions 3 and 4, and after storage for 2 months, only 1% of the fruits were affected by “Tan” and rot.

In the fruit crop obtained from the plot treated with composition 13, the number of diseased fruits was 8%.

Example 3

The processing of the Golden Delicious apple tree was carried out once 40 days prior to harvesting by spraying an aqueous suspension of composition 5 over the apple growing area. A suspension was prepared by mixing 1 g of composition 5 with 6 ml of sunflower oil. The resulting mixture was added with continuous stirring to an aqueous solution (5 liters) of 0.17% of the mass. surfactant Cremofor A-6. The flow rate of the suspension during processing was 0.15 l / m ² .

At the same time, the same treatment of plants was carried out with a suspension obtained according to example 3, but using composition 13.

The results of a comparative assessment of the crop obtained in the plots treated with compositions 5 and 13 and the crop obtained in the untreated plot are shown in Table 2.

Example 4

Plum cultivation grade "Stanley" was carried out three times. For the first time, an aqueous suspension of composition 6 was sprayed over the surface of the growth of the plum, which is in the vegetation stage of "Green Cluster" ("Green Claster").

A suspension was prepared by mixing 1 g of composition 6 with 5 ml of sunflower oil. The resulting mixture with continuous stirring was added to an aqueous solution (8 liters) of 0.2% by weight. surfactant Cremofor A-25. The flow rate of the resulting suspension was 0.1 l / m ² .

For the second time, a suspension of composition 7 was sprayed over the surface of the plum growing vegetation under the “Formation of the Fruit” vegetation stage. A suspension was prepared by mixing 1 g of composition 7 with 7 ml of sunflower oil. The resulting mixture with continuous stirring was added to an aqueous solution (10 liters) of 0.16% of the mass. surfactant Cremofor A-6. The flow rate of the resulting suspension was 0.12 l / m ² .

The third time the plum was processed 15 days prior to harvesting by spraying a 0.1% aqueous solution of composition 2 over the surface of the plum. The flow rate of the solution of composition 2 was 0.09 l / m ³ .

At the same time, the same three-time treatment of plants was carried out with suspensions obtained according to example 4, but using composition 13.

The results of a comparative assessment of the crop in the areas treated with compositions 2, 6, 7 and 13, and untreated areas are shown in table 2.

Example 5

The processing of Tomatoes of the Mirage variety was carried out twice. The first time above the surface of the growth of tomatoes, which is in the phase of vegetation - "Formation of the third brush", sprayed 0.1% aqueous solution of composition 2 in an amount of 0.08 l / m ² .

The second time, 20 days before the harvest, 0.1% aqueous suspension of composition 11 in an amount of 0.05 l / m ^{2 was} sprayed over the growth surface of the tomatoes. A suspension was prepared analogously to example 4.

At the same time, the same two-time treatment of plants was carried out with suspensions obtained according to example 5, but using composition 13.

The results of a comparative assessment of the crop in the treated and untreated areas are shown in table 2.

Examples 6-10 illustrate the effectiveness of the compositions in the processing of fruit and vegetable crops by releasing the active substances from the compositions into an enclosed space of a storage or container.

The contact of the harvested plants and fruits (post-harvest processing) with the active substances of the compositions was carried out as follows.

At the first stage, before processing the crop, its physiological state was determined and diseased fruits were discarded. After this, the crop was divided into three equal lots.

The first batch of fruits was placed in a confined space (storage, container) with a normal or controlled atmosphere (control example).

The second batch of fruits was placed in a confined space (storage, container) and after that the active substances were released into the atmosphere of the storage or container from compositions 1, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12.

A third of the fruits were placed in a confined space (storage, container) and after that the active substances from the composition 13 were released into the atmosphere.

The release of the active substance from composition 13 was carried out by immersing the composition in water and while sparging air through water.

The release of active substances from other compositions was carried out in various ways, which are described below.

The crop was kept for a certain period in an atmosphere containing active substances, after which the storage or container was ventilated and filled with a normal or controlled atmosphere.

Subsequently, all consignments of fruits were stored under identical conditions.

Example 6

An example illustrates the effectiveness of composition 8 in the processing and storage of the crop of apples Antonovka ordinary.

The first batch was placed in a 30 m ³ storage facility and stored in a closed storage at a temperature of + 3 ° С in a normal atmosphere for 5 months (control lot).

The second batch was placed in a 30 m ³ storage facility. The storage was closed and after that the active substances were released into the atmosphere of the storage from composition 8. The release of active substances from composition 8 was carried out by naturally evaporating them from composition 8 (0.2 g) while blowing air over the surface on which a sample of composition 8 was previously placed. The concentration of the evaporated 5-butyl-1,3-dehydroadamantane in the storage atmosphere was 2 ppm The concentration of 1-BCP is 0.8 ppm.

After 40 hours, the store was open, ventilated and filled with the usual atmosphere. After that, storage conditions were created in the storage, similar to the storage conditions of the inspection lot. Under these conditions, the second batch was also stored for 5 months.

A third batch of apples was placed in a 30 m ³ vault. 1-MCP from composition 13 was released into the closed storage. The concentration of 1-MCP in the storage atmosphere was 2 ppm. After 40 hours, the store was ventilated and filled with the usual atmosphere. After this, the storage conditions corresponded to the storage conditions of the control lot.

The third batch was stored in the same way as the control batch for 5 months.

Five months later, all the storages were opened and the quality of the processed fruits and fruits in the control lot was compared.

It was found that in the control batch, 31.5% of the fruits were affected by Tan, and 1.9% of the fruits were affected by rot. The density of the fruits after storage was 3.6 kg / cm ² .

Unlike the control lot in the lot subjected to contact with the pairs of active substances of composition 8, only 3% of the fruits were affected by Tanning and 0.2% of the fruits were affected by rot. The density of the fruits was 5.3 kg / cm ² .

In a batch exposed to vapors of the active substance from the composition 13, 6% of apples were affected by Tan and 1.0% by rot. The density of the fruits was 5.1 kg / cm ² .

Example 7

Illustrates the effectiveness of compositions 9 and 10 in the processing and storage of apples from the Sinap Orlovsky variety.

The first batch was placed in a 30 m ³ storage facility and stored in a closed storage in a controlled atmosphere (О ₂ - 1.5%, CO ₂ - 2.5%) at a temperature of + 2 ° С for 6 months (control lot).

The second batch was placed in a 30 m ³ storage facility and after that, active substances were released into the atmosphere of the closed storage facility from composition 9. The release of active substances from composition 9 was carried out by heating the composition (0.25 g) to 50-60 ° C on an open surface.

The concentration of evaporated adamantane in the atmosphere of the storage was 3 ppm. The concentration of 1-HCP is 0.9 ppm.

A third of the apples were placed in a 30 m ³ vault. 1-MCP from composition 13 was released into the closed storage. The concentration of 1-MCP in the storage atmosphere was 2 ppm.

After 24 hours, both storages were opened and after that storage conditions similar to the storage conditions of the control lot were created in them (controlled atmosphere - О ₂ - 1.5%, СО ₂ - 2.5% and temperature + 2 ° С). Under these conditions, these batches were also stored for 6 months.

After six months, all the storages were opened and the quality of the processed fruits of the control lot was compared.

It was found that in the control batch 13.9% of the fruits were affected by Tan, and 2.6% of the fruits were affected by rot. The density of the fruits after storage was 5.1 kg / cm ² .

In contrast to the control lot in the lot subjected to contact with the pairs of active substances of composition 9, only 1% of the fruits were affected by Tan, and only 1% of the fruits were affected by rot. The density of the fruits was 5.6 kg / cm ² .

In a batch treated with composition 13, 4% of apples are affected by Tan, and 0.9% of fruits are affected by rot. The density of the fruits was 5.3 kg / cm ² .

A similar processing of the apple crop was performed using composition 10. It was found that only 1.5% of the apples were affected by Tanning and 1.5% were rotten. The density of the fruits was 5.4 kg / cm ² .

Example 8

Illustrates the effectiveness of compositions 6 and 12 when processing and storing the harvest of tomato varieties "Pharaoh" with a degree of maturity "Red" in a normal atmosphere at 6 ° C.

The first batch was placed in a container with a volume of 8 m ³ and stored in a closed container in a normal atmosphere at + 6 ° C for 30 days (control batch).

The second batch was placed in a container of 8 m ³ and after that the active substances were released into the atmosphere of the closed container from composition 6. The release of active substances from composition 6 was carried out by immersion of the composition (1.4 g) in a 2% aqueous alkaline solution (50 ml). The concentration of adamantane in the atmosphere of the container was 1 ppm. The concentration of 1-MCP is 0.8 ppm.

The third part of the tomatoes was placed in a container of 8 m ³ . The active substance from composition 13 was released into a closed container. The concentration of 1-MCP was 2 ppm.

After 18 hours, both containers were opened, ventilated and after that storage conditions similar to those of the control lot were created in them. Under these conditions, these lots were also stored for 30 days.

Thirty days later, all containers were opened and the quality of processed and unprocessed tomatoes was compared.

It was found that in the control batch, 33% of tomato fruits were affected by rot.

In contrast to the control batch in the batch subjected to contact with the pairs of active substances of composition 6, only 6% of the tomato fruits are affected by rot.

In the third batch treated with composition 13, 10% of the tomatoes were rotten.

A similar treatment carried out using composition 12 (evaporation of 0.1 g of composition 12) showed that after processing and subsequent storage for 30 days, 5% of the tomatoes were rotten.

Example 9

The example illustrates the effectiveness of composition 1 in the processing and storage of the crop of cucumbers varieties "Courage".

The first batch was placed in a container with a volume of 15 m ³ and stored in a closed container in a normal atmosphere at + 10 ° C for 15 days (control batch).

The second batch was placed in a container with a volume of 15 m ³ and after that the active substances were released into the atmosphere of the container from composition 1. The release of active substances from composition 1 was carried out by immersing the composition (3.5 g) in water (100 ml) while simultaneously sparging air through the resulting mixture. The concentration of 5,7-dimethyl-1,3-dehydroadamantane in the atmosphere of the container was 3 ppm. The concentration of 1-MCP is 1 ppm.

The third batch of cucumbers was placed in a container of 15 m ³ . After that, the container was closed, and the active substance from composition 13 was released into the container. The concentration of 1-MCP was 2 ppm.

After 14 hours exposure, the containers were opened, ventilated, and storage conditions similar to the control lot were created in them.

After 15 days, all containers were opened, and the quality of the processed fruits and the fruits of the control lot was compared.

It is established that in the control lot 41% of cucumbers are affected by rot. In contrast to the control batch in the second batch treated with composition 1, only 17% of the fruits were rotten.

In the third batch treated with composition 13, 22% of the cucumbers were rotten.

table 2 The conditions and results of a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the compositions in the processing of apple trees (examples 1 and 3), pears (example 2), plums (example 4) and tomatoes (example 5) at different phases of their vegetation No. Number k Vegetation stage G, l / m ² Number k Vegetation stage G, l / m ² Number k Vegetation stage G, l / m ² Harvest, kg / m ² Section I Section II The control one one Bud isolation 0.15 2 20 days before harvest 0.10 - - - 3.4 3.1 2.4 2 four Ovary fall 0.10 3 5 days before harvest 0.07 - - - 1.2 1.0 0.7 3 5 40 days before harvest 0.10 - - - - - - 3.1 2.9 2.5 four 6 Green bud 0.10 7 Fetal formation 0.10 2 15 days before harvest 0.07 1.3 1.1 1.0 5 2 The formation of the third brush 0.08 3 20 days before harvest 0.05 - - - 3.1 2.8 2.4 Note: № - example number; №k - composition number; I - sections treated with compositions 1-7 and 11; II - areas treated with composition 13; Control - untreated areas; G is the flow rate of the solution or suspension of the composition.

Claims (4)

1. Composition for treating plants and fruits that are at the stage of vegetation, or harvested fruits and vegetables and crop products, containing active substances, in which adamantane and / or its derivatives and cyclopropene and / or its 1-alkyl substituted derivatives are used as active substances. 2. The composition according to claim 1, which is a clathrate of cyclodextrin and active substances. 3. A method of increasing the yield of fruits and vegetables and crop products by spraying compositions containing active substances over the growing surface of plants, fruits and vegetables, wherein the composition according to claim 2 is used in the form of an aqueous solution or an aqueous suspension of cyclodextrin clathrates and active substances. 4. A method of increasing the shelf life of a crop of fruits and vegetables and crop products, comprising contacting the harvested plants, fruits and vegetables with pairs of active substances of the compositions, in which the composition according to claim 1 is used as the composition.