RU2423035C1 - Method to develop cultural bean and cereal pasture in conditions of forest-steppe of central black soil region - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the field of agriculture, namely, to meadow cultivation. In the method a mixed grass crop of white clover and festulolium is sown, care is applied. The mixed grass crop is sown with a sowing norm of 9-12 kg/ha and ratio of white clover and festulolium seeds equal to 1:2 accordingly. ^ EFFECT: method makes it possible to expand species composition of plants used to arrange cultural bean and cereal pastures and to develop a strong and profitable fodder base in conditions of forest-steppe of the Central Black Soil Region by increasing integrity of pasture grass in winter period. ^ 2 tbl

Description

The method relates to agriculture, in particular to meadow cultivation, and can be used to create a cultured bean-cereal pasture in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Central Black Earth Region (CCR).

The organization of cultural leguminous-cereal pastures in the farms of the Central Black Earth Region allows optimizing meadow and field fodder production, solving the problem of fodder protein, improving the herd, reducing the cost of milk, stopping the degradation of chernozems and improving the living environment of residents.

There is a method of creating cultural pastures on the basis of pasture ryegrass and white clover, in which a grass mixture is sown at a sowing rate of 10 kg / ha and a ratio of legume components of 35-40% and cereal 60-65% in the mixture. (A cultural pasture based on white clover and pasture ryegrass in the Central Black Sea (Practical Recommendations). - Voronezh: VGAU, 2000. - P.60).

Known pastures have many positive properties: high grass yields (up to 250-300 kg / ha of green mass) and feed quality, resistance to intensive grazing, rapid regrowth after alienation. The pasture ryegrass used in the known method does not withstand severe snowless winters. If during the winter period for 5-7 days the air temperature is -15 ÷ -18 ° С and lower, the ryegrass completely falls out of the grass stand, which necessitates the frequent overstretching of the entire pasture plot. This leads to a significant increase in the cost of feed and a rise in the cost of livestock products. Inconsistency of the climatic conditions of the Central Chernozem Region with the biological requirements of pasture ryegrass has led to the fact that at the present time practically no new pastures are laid with its participation.

A known method of creating a cultural legume-cereal pasture, including sowing grass mixtures of white clover and festulolium with a sowing rate of 11 and 15 kg / ha and a ratio of white clover seeds and festulolium 1: 2.7 and 1: 4, respectively, which is described in Sedova E. G. “Designing short-term legume-cereal grass mixtures based on creeping clover, pasture ryegrass, festulolium for creating cultural pastures in the Central region of the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation (abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of agricultural sciences, Moscow, 2007).

The known method solves the problem of increasing the productivity of pasture grass mixtures, due to the choice of components. It is known that festulolium is closer to white clover in terms of developmental biology and simultaneous seed ripening compared to cereal grasses such as pasture ryegrass, team hedgehog, meadow bluegrass, and meadow fescue. It is characterized by high productivity, good otavnosti and winter hardiness, is distinguished by such economically valuable traits as high yields of green mass and hay, early spring and post-mowing regrowth, longevity, resistance to frequent mowing and grazing, is intended for lawn, pasture and phytomeliorative use (Remote hybridization in breeding perennial grasses / G.L.Lukinykh // Bulletin of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. - 2007. - No. 2. - P.86-94).

However, the known method in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Black Earth region does not allow to obtain a solid cost-effective forage base. So, in the variant festulolium (12) + white clover (3), the increased seeding rate of the cereal component leads to excessive thickening of the grass stand during the growing season, as a result of this, the plants develop under adverse conditions, accumulate lesser amount of reserve nutrients necessary for overwintering, and reduce productivity ; in addition, at this ratio there is an unjustified overspending of expensive seed material.

In the variant festulolium (8) + white clover (3), as a result of a smaller quantitative content of the bean component, the processes of symbiotic nitrogen fixation proceed less intensively, less symbiotic nitrogen accumulates. This leads to a crop shortage.

The objective of the invention is the expansion of the species composition of plants used in the organization of cultivated leguminous-cereal pastures, and the creation of a strong and cost-effective forage base in the forest-steppe of the Central Black Earth Region.

EFFECT: increased safety of pasture grass stand in winter.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of creating a cultured bean-cereal pasture in the forest steppe zone of the Central Chernozem Region, including sowing grass mixtures of white clover and festulolium and sowing, the grass mixture is sown at a sowing rate of 9-12 kg / ha and the ratio of white clover seeds and festololium 1: 2 respectively.

In the joint sowing of white clover and festulolium at a ratio of 1: 2, respectively, the most optimal conditions for the development of plants during the growing season are formed in the mixture and sowing rate of the last 9-12 kg / ha. Due to the different structure of the bush and the root system, moisture, nutrients and solar energy are better used, more root and crop residues accumulate, microflora develops more actively. As a result, a dense “turf pillow” is created by the beginning of the winter period, due to which temperature differences are insignificant in the region of the root neck.

The method is as follows.

To create a cultural pasture from white clover and festulolium for forage purposes for grazing cattle in early spring with physical ripeness of the soil in a bloodless manner, a grass mixture is sown to a depth of 0.5-1.0 cm at a rate of 9-12 kg / ha. In the Central Chernozem Region, the optimal sowing dates are one to two days earlier than the early spring crops.

Grass seeds with a seeding rate of 3-4 kg / ha of white clover and 6-8 kg / ha of festulolium are mixed immediately before sowing. To do this, prepare a flat area with a solid surface (asphalt, concrete, etc.) under a canopy, carefully sweep, clean from dust, small lumps. Festulolium seeds from two bags are poured evenly with a thin layer. Form a rectangle. Then, clover seeds from the bag are evenly sprinkled on top. Using this method of “puff pie” pour out all the seeds of a batch intended for sowing. With the help of shovels, the seeds are raked into the pyramid. For thorough mixing, this pyramid is required to be thrown with shovels into the adjacent one, placing it 2-3 meters from the first. The operation must be repeated at least three times.

Table 1 shows comparative data on the preservation of cultivated leguminous-cereal pastures created in 2008 by the known and claimed methods.

Table 1 The way to create a cultural pasture Plant density (before / after wintering) clover white pasture ryegrass festulolium pcs / m ² % pcs / m ² % pcs / m ² % Famous 259/218 100/84 272/197 100/72 - - Claimed 264/231 100/88 - - 261/256 100/98

Table 2 shows comparative indicators of the economic efficiency of the use of cultivated legume-cereal pastures created in 2008 by the known and claimed methods (in the 2nd year of life).

table 2 Economic performance indicators The composition of the grass mixture (seeding rate kg / ha) analog prototype declared pasture ryegrass (6) + white clover (4) festulolium (8) + white clover (3) festulolium (12) + white clover (3) festulolium (6) + white clover (3) festulolium (8) + white clover (4) Productivity of green mass ^* , c / ha 250,0 280,4 289.8 274.4 336.0 Feed units, kg / ha 50,0 56.1 58.0 54.9 67.2 The cost of production from 1 ha, rub. 10000,0 11216,0 11592,0 10,976.0 13440.0 Material and monetary costs per 1 ha, rub. ^** , including: 5197.7 3341.6 4181.6 3061.6 3481.6 pasture repair costs, rubles / ha 1721.2 - - - - Cost of 1 centner of green mass, rub. 20.6 11.9 14,4 11.2 10,4 Cost of 1 kg of feed units, rub. 104.0 59.6 72.1 55.8 51.8 Labor costs per 1 ha, man-hours 11.6 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 Labor costs per 1 cent., Person-h 0.1 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Net income from 1 ha, rub. 4802.3 7874.4 7410.4 7914.4 9958.8 Profitability level,% ^*** 92.4 235.6 177.2 258.5 286.1 Note: ^* - the average content of feed units in 1 kg of green mass is 0.2 kg. ^** - the cost of 1 kg of grass seeds is 140 rubles. ^*** - the economic assessment of various options for creating a cultural pasture was carried out in accordance with the Methodological Recommendations for the economic feasibility of diploma works for students of the agronomy faculty of full-time and distance learning. / L.A. Svetashova, E.V. Klimentova. Ed. K.S. Ternov. - Voronezh: VGAU. - 2009. - 21 p. (S.9-12).

Claims (1)

A method of creating a cultured bean-cereal pasture in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Black Earth Region, including sowing grass mixtures of white clover and festulolium, and characterized in that the grass mixture is sown at a sowing rate of 9-12 kg / ha and a ratio of white clover and festololium seeds 1: 2, respectively.