RU2422044C1 - Method for production of pectin and food fibres of pumpkin cake - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to food industry, and namely to pectin production. The method involves pumpkin cake washing with water, pressing and hydrolysis extraction, the mixture water duty being 1:(4-5), at a 60-65C temperature during 60 minutes. The extragent used is anolyte with pH20 = 4.0-4.5. The hydrolysis mass is separated into cake and hydrolysate by way of pressing. The cake is extracted with catholite with pH20 = 7.5-8.0, the mixture water duty being 1:3, at a 60C temperature during 30 minutes. Then the cake having been extracted is separated from the extract by way of pressing. Cake particles are milled and dried to produce food fibres. The extract is mixed with the hydrolysate and filtered. The mixture is delivered for alcohol precipitation of pectin and its during. The anolyte and the catholyte are produced by way of sodium chloride treatment in an diaphragm electrolyser. ^ EFFECT: invention enables implementation of a non-waste pumpkin technology due to production of pectin and additional extraction of food fibres, pectin yield increase, production of high quality pectin and food fibres, production process environmental friendliness enhancement. ^ 1 dwg, 1 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the food industry, in particular to the production of pectin and dietary fiber from pumpkin pulp.

A known method of producing pectin from pumpkin pulp [A.S. RU 2055484, publ. 03/10/96, bull. No. 7], which provides for washing the latter with water, two-stage hydrolysis of the washed raw materials with the hydro-module of the pulp-acid mixture 1: (10-30), the pH of the mixture 0.8-1.1 and the process temperature 65-70 ° C, while the duration of the first stage of hydrolysis is 1.5-2.0 hours, and the second - 0.5-1.0 hours.

The disadvantage of this method is the irrational use of raw materials, since only pectin is extracted from it, and the complex of bipolymers that determine the nutritional value of this product is partially wasted and partially destroyed by the action of an aggressive environment (strongly acidic medium pH ₂₀ 0.8-1.1.1 ) In addition, prolonged acid extraction contributes to the destruction of the molecular units of pectin substances, disrupting their structure, reducing the quality and yield of the target product, and the technology itself is not environmentally friendly due to the use of hydrochloric acid.

An object of the invention is to create a waste-free technology for the production of pectin by additionally extracting dietary fiber from raw materials, improving the quality and yield of finished products with general intensification and maintaining an environmentally friendly process for their production.

The method of producing pectin and dietary fiber from pumpkin pulp is characterized by the fact that when extracting pectin from pumpkin pulp, food fibers are simultaneously obtained, for which the juice obtained after extraction of pulp is washed with water, pressed and sent to hydrolysis-extraction with a water module of mixture 1: (4-5 ), at a temperature of 60-65 ° C and a process duration of 60 minutes, anolyte with a pH of ₂₀ 4.0-4.5 is used as an extractant, after separation of the hydrolysis mass by pressing on a pulp and the hydrolyzate pulp is extracted with catholyte with a pH of ₂₀ 7.5- 8.0 with guide Romodule of the mixture 1: 3, temperature 60 ° C for 30 minutes, then the extracted pulp is extracted from the extract by pressing, the pulp particles are crushed, dried to obtain dietary fiber, the extract is combined with the hydrolyzate, and after filtration, the mixture is sent to precipitate from pectin with alcohol and dry it moreover, anolyte and catholyte are obtained by processing a solution of sodium chloride in a diaphragm electrolyzer.

Dietary fiber is a complex of biopolymers, including polysaccharides, including pectin. Both pectin and dietary fiber are dietary supplements used, for example, in cooking and baking to increase the water-holding properties of products. In addition, these additives have the ability to adsorb radionuclides, heavy metals and other harmful substances. This property of them finds application in medicine and clinical nutrition.

The drawing shows a schematic vector diagram of the implementation of the method in the factory.

A method of producing pectin and dietary fiber is as follows.

The pumpkin is washed and crushed into shavings. Cell juice is extracted from the obtained chips by known methods (for example, by pressing). If necessary, the plant mass is pressed to more fully separate the soluble components. Pumpkin pulp is washed with water in order to remove low molecular weight substances and pressed. Thus prepared pumpkin pulp is sent for hydrolysis-extraction at a temperature of 60-65 ° C, a duration of 60 minutes, a hydraulic module 1: (4-5). The extractant used is anolyte with a pH of ₂₀ 4.0-4.5, obtained by processing an aqueous solution of sodium chloride in the anode chamber of a diaphragm electrolyzer. The use of electrochemical activation helps to mitigate the hydrolysis-extraction mode and at the same time intensifies this process, which ensures the preservation of the quality of the resulting products and their high yield.

Next, the hydrolysis mass is pressed with the separation of the pulp and pectin-containing hydrolyzate. The pulp is extracted with catholyte with a pH of ₂₀ 7.5-8.0 at a temperature of 60 ° C for 30 minutes and a hydraulic module of the mixture 1: 3. The extracted pulp was separated by pressing from the extract, crushed and dried to obtain dietary fiber. The extract is mixed with the hydrolyzate and their mixture is used to obtain pectin. To do this, it is filtered, concentrated, and pectin is precipitated from it with ethyl alcohol, which is then dried at 60 ° C. At the end of the drying process, pectin is crushed, sieved. Spent alcohol after distillation can be reused.

The method is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1 (prototype).

300 g of freshly squeezed pumpkin pulp are poured with water and washed in 0.5 l of water at 55 ° C for 30 minutes. The washing process in this mode is carried out three times, after which the pressed pulp is subjected to hydrolysis in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. The hydraulic module of the pulp and acid mixture was 1:10, pH 0.8, temperature 65 ° C, the duration of the first hydrolysis step was 1.5 hours. The hydrolyzate is filtered off, the pressed pulp is again subjected to hydrolysis under the same conditions, but within 0.5 hours. Both hydrolysates are combined, the mixture is cooled, precipitated with alcohol and dried. The yield of pectin was 7.2%, the content of polygalacturonic acids (PGA) - 49%, the degree of esterification - 65%.

Example 2

They wash the pumpkin, grind it into shavings. Cell juice is squeezed out of the obtained chips. 300 g pumpkin pulp is washed with water in order to remove low molecular weight substances and pressed. Next, hydrolysis-extraction is carried out at a temperature of 60 ° C for 60 minutes and with a hydraulic module of 1: 4. The extractant used is anolyte with a pH of ₂₀ 4.0, obtained by processing an aqueous solution of sodium chloride in the anode chamber of a diaphragm electrolyzer. The hydrolyzed mass is pressed to separate the pulp and hydrolyzate. The pulp is extracted with 3 times the amount of catholyte with a pH of _{20 to} 7.5 at a temperature of 60 ° C for 30 minutes. Next, the extracted pulp was separated by pressing from the extract, crushed and dried to obtain dietary fiber. The extract is mixed with the hydrolyzate and their mixture is used to obtain pectin. To do this, this mixture is filtered, concentrated, precipitated from it pectin with ethanol of 96% concentration and dried pectin at 60 ° C.

Finished pectin and dietary fiber analyze. The analysis data are presented in the table.

Example 3

The method of producing pectin and dietary fiber from pumpkin pulp is carried out analogously to example 2, but anolyte with a pH of ₂₀ 4.5 is used as a hydrolyzing agent, and the hydrolysis-extraction process is carried out at a 1: 5 mixture hydromodule, temperature 65 ° C, for 60 minutes .

Finished products are analyzed. The analysis data are presented in the table.

Table Technological performance Example data 1 (prototype) 2 3 The output of pectin,% 7.2 17.0 17.5 The degree of esterification,% 65 70,2 70.0 The content of polygalacturonic acids,% 49 77 71 The water holding capacity of dietary fiber (PV), g / g PV - 15.0 14.2

As can be seen from the table, the pectin obtained by the proposed method is characterized by a higher quality: the content of polygalacturonic acids increased by 1.5 times, the degree of esterification increased by 5% compared with the prototype. The yield of pectin increased by an average of 10%. Moreover, this method allows in addition to pectin to obtain high-quality dietary fiber, that is, it contributes to the implementation of waste-free processing of secondary raw materials.

The process of hydrolytic cleavage at pH ₂₀ less than 4.0 leads to the destruction of pectin due to the depolymerization of rhamnosyl and galacturonopyranosyl units, therefore, the yield of pectin decreases sharply, and at pH ₂₀ less than 2.5 dietary fiber cannot be isolated at all, due to a change in the structure of plant tissue . The hydrolysis-extraction at pH _20, greater than 4.5 does not provide a high yield of the desired product is extracted only pectin, and connected mechanically by means of hydrogen bonds, which constitute 5-10% of the amount of pectin.

At a hydrolysis-extraction temperature of 60-65 ° C, the maximum yield of pectin is achieved. A decrease in temperature below 60 ° C does not lead to a significant decrease in the structural viscosity of pectin, which impairs mass transfer and reduces the degree of extraction. In addition, at temperatures above 65 ° C, the quality of pectin and dietary fiber is markedly reduced.

With an increase in the duration of the hydrolysis-extraction process above 60 minutes, the yield of pectin decreases and the structure of the beet pulp particles is destroyed, due to which the conditions for separation of the liquid phase in the filtering process are sharply worsened, and it is difficult to obtain dietary fiber.

When the hydromodule is less than 1: 4, the viscosity of the hydrolysis mixture increases, free mixing is absent, and the extraction of pectin is complicated. An increase in the hydraulic module above 1: 5 does not lead to a significant increase in the yield of pectin, but leads to an increase in the consumption of chemical reagents and energy intensity of production, therefore, it is economically unprofitable.

The proposed method for producing pectin and dietary fiber from pumpkin pulp allows you to:

- organize non-waste processing of secondary plant materials into pectin and dietary fiber;

- improve the quality and yield of finished products;

- increase the environmental safety of production and improve working conditions by replacing the traditional acid reagent with a reagent obtained by electrochemical synthesis.

Claims (1)

A method of producing pectin and dietary fiber from pumpkin pulp, characterized in that when extracting pectin from pumpkin pulp, food fibers are simultaneously obtained, for which the juice obtained after extraction of pulp is washed with water, pressed and sent to hydrolysis-extraction with a water module of mixture 1: (4- 5), at a temperature of 60-65 ° C and a process duration of 60 min, anolyte with a pH of ₂₀ 4.0-4.5 is used as an extractant, after separation of the hydrolysis mass by pressing on a pulp, and the hydrolyzate is extracted with catholyte with a pH of ₂₀ 7.5 -8.0, at g the dromodule of the mixture 1: 3, at a temperature of 60 ° C for 30 min, then the extracted pulp is extracted from the extract by pressing, the pulp particles are crushed, dried to obtain dietary fiber, the extract is combined with the hydrolyzate, and after filtration, the mixture is sent to precipitate pectin with alcohol and dry it, moreover, anolyte and catholyte are obtained by processing a solution of sodium chloride in a diaphragm electrolyzer.

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