CN107602729B - Preparation method of low-temperature instant agar - Google Patents
Preparation method of low-temperature instant agar Download PDFInfo
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- CN107602729B CN107602729B CN201710940459.3A CN201710940459A CN107602729B CN 107602729 B CN107602729 B CN 107602729B CN 201710940459 A CN201710940459 A CN 201710940459A CN 107602729 B CN107602729 B CN 107602729B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of low-temperature instant agar, which comprises the following steps of heating and boiling conventional agar until the conventional agar is completely dissolved, adding hydrogen peroxide for constant-temperature degradation, adding cellulase for crystal form enzymatic conversion, adding high-concentration alcohol into a solution after reaction for crystal form fixation, filtering, freeze-drying at a low temperature, and crushing to obtain low-molecular-weight low-temperature instant agar, wherein the cellulose is used for crystal form enzymatic conversion to convert β crystal forms of the conventional agar to α so as to reduce the dissolving temperature of the agar, the dissolving temperature of the product is 50-55 ℃, the dissolving time is 5-7 minutes, and the preparation method is mainly used for products such as cigarette popping beads, yoghourt, mirror surface pectin and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of agar, in particular to a preparation method of low-temperature instant agar.
Background
Agar, also known as agar, commonly known as agar, agar jelly or jelly, is a natural polysaccharide colloid extracted from red algae. Besides being used as a coagulant, the biological flocculant can also be used as a thickening agent, a suspending agent, an emulsifier, a stabilizer, an antistaling agent, an adhesive, a biological culture medium and a microorganism carrier and is applied to the fields of food, daily chemical industry, light industry, medicine and the like. The high melting point of the conventional agar causes that the conventional agar needs to be heated for 15-20 minutes at a high temperature of more than 95 ℃ in practical application, which becomes a big defect of the application, and the solution is turbid. Opaque; the high gel property causes poor dispersion and diffusivity, and the application of the gel in yogurt, mirror pectin, cigarette bead blasting and the like which are hot chased at present is remarkably limited. This promotes the production of a new product, namely 'low-temperature instant agar'.
The most obvious advantage of the low-temperature instant agar is that the low-temperature and short-time instant agar is dissolved, the ordinary agar is dissolved by heating for 15-20 minutes at 95 ℃, the dissolving temperature of the existing instant agar on the market is 65-80 ℃, the dissolving time is 8-15 minutes, and the dissolving performance of the agar is improved to a certain extent. At present, the processing technology of instant agar mainly comprises the following two modes:
1. physical improvement method-co-solvent: (patent name: preparation method of instant agar; patent No. ZL20051011224.2)
Wherein: the cosolvent is mainly sucrose or other polyhydroxy compounds, the method mainly improves the dissolving performance of the agar by adding the cosolvent physical modification method, and the dissolving speed of the prepared agar is as follows: the reaction is finished at 80 ℃ for 15 minutes.
The research on further optimization and improvement of the cosolvent and the drying mode is carried out later, and the cosolvent is selected from sucrose, glucose, dextrin and the like; heating adopts microwave heating and drying, and the like; however, such physical modification often has major disadvantages: on the one hand, the improvement effect is not significant, and on the other hand, the introduction of foreign substances is important.
2. Chemical modification method-demethoxylation (patent name: agar and its preparation method; patent number: ZL201110066935.5)
Gracilaria (raw material) → strong subtraction → demethoxylation reagent → temperature rise (70-90 ℃) reaction (1-3 hours) → plate and frame filter pressing filtration → freezing (5 ℃) for 4 hours) → 20 ℃ freezing for 24 hours → unfreezing and squeezing dehydration → drying → pulverization → low-temperature instant agar.
Wherein: the demethoxylation reagent is: the mixture of hydrogen peroxide and alcohol or the mixture of polyglycerol fatty acid ester and 95 percent alcohol effectively reduces the methoxyl content in the agar by a method of demethoxylation of the agar, thereby reducing the solidification temperature and the melting temperature of the agar. The product prepared by the process can be dissolved at the lowest dissolution temperature of 67 ℃, and the melting temperature of agar is remarkably reduced. In addition, hydrogen peroxide has bleaching effect, and alcohol also has impurity removing effect, so that the product has white appearance and high transparency of glue solution. However, the process for preparing the instant agar is a relatively complex process period such as 'heating/freezing' and the like required for the extraction process, and the cost is relatively high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the preparation method of the low-temperature instant agar, the crystal form enzymatic conversion is carried out by the cellulase, the dissolving temperature and the dissolving time of the agar are greatly reduced, and the application advantage of the agar is remarkably improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, which comprises the following supplementary steps:
(1) dispersing conventional agar in water solution, heating and boiling until completely dissolving;
(2) cooling the completely dissolved glue to a certain temperature range, and adding hydrogen peroxide to carry out constant temperature degradation for 40-60 min;
(3) after degradation, adding cellulase for crystal form enzymatic conversion, wherein the reaction time is 15-20 min;
(4) after the reaction is finished, adding high-concentration alcohol into the solution for alcohol precipitation to perform crystal form fixation;
(5) filtering the separated precipitate;
(6) drying by adopting a low-temperature freeze drying technology;
(7) and (5) crushing the mixture into required mesh according to the requirement, and further obtaining the finished product of the low-temperature instant agar.
In step (1), the concentration of conventional agar dispersed in water is in the range of 10-30%.
The glue solution in the step (2) is cooled to a certain temperature range of 50-55 ℃, and the temperature range is also the temperature of constant temperature degradation.
The volume of the hydrogen peroxide in the step (2) is 10-30% of the volume of the water.
And (3) adding the cellulase in the step (3) in an amount of 5-8% of the agar amount.
The concentration range of the alcohol in the step (4) is 80-95% vol.
And (4) dissolving the low-temperature instant agar obtained in the step (7) at the temperature of 50-55 ℃ for 5-7 minutes.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the hydrogen peroxide oxidation degradation technology can reduce the strength of the agar, improve the whiteness of the agar and improve the dispersibility and toughness of the agar. The whiteness of the agar is improved from the conventional 40-50 to 70-80.
(2) The crystal form enzyme method conversion adopts cellulase to process agar, so that β crystal form of common agar is converted to α crystal form, the dissolving temperature of the agar is further reduced, the dissolving temperature of the agar can be reduced from the conventional temperature of more than or equal to 95 ℃ to 50-55 ℃, the dissolving time is shortened from the conventional 15-20 minutes to 5-7 minutes, the steps of freezing and dehydration are omitted, the production period and energy consumption are shortened, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the production cost is reduced.
(3) The alcohol precipitation crystal form fixation means that after the enzymatic crystal form transformation is completed, the α agar molecular structure is fixed by using an alcohol precipitation method, and the method can improve the dispersibility and the dissolution rate of the low-temperature agar, improve the fluidity of the product and comprehensively improve the performance of the product.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Example 1
(1) Weighing 300g of conventional agar powder, adding into 1000ml of water, heating and boiling until the agar powder is completely dissolved;
(2) cooling the solution to 50 ℃, adding 100ml of hydrogen peroxide, and degrading for 40min at constant temperature;
(3) after degradation, 15g of cellulase is added for crystal form enzymatic conversion, and the reaction lasts for 15 min;
(4) after the reaction is finished, adding 1000ml of 80% alcohol into the solution for alcohol precipitation to carry out crystal form fixation;
(5) filtering the separated precipitate by using a screen;
(6) drying by adopting a low-temperature freeze drying technology;
(7) pulverizing into 200 mesh to obtain low temperature instant agar.
The dissolution temperature of the product is 55 ℃, and the dissolution time is 7 min.
Example 2
(1) Weighing 100g of conventional agar powder, adding into 1000ml of water, heating and boiling until the agar powder is completely dissolved;
(2) cooling the solution to 55 ℃, adding 300ml of hydrogen peroxide, and degrading for 60min at constant temperature;
(3) after degradation, 8g of cellulase is added for crystal form enzymatic conversion, and the reaction lasts 20 min;
(4) after the reaction is finished, adding 1000ml of 95% alcohol into the solution for alcohol precipitation to carry out crystal form fixation;
(5) filtering the separated precipitate by using a screen;
(6) drying by adopting a low-temperature freeze drying technology;
(7) pulverizing into 200 mesh to obtain low temperature instant agar.
The dissolution temperature of the product is 50 ℃, and the dissolution time is 5 min.
Example 3
(1) Weighing 200g of conventional agar powder, adding into 1000ml of water, heating and boiling until the agar powder is completely dissolved;
(2) cooling the solution to 53 ℃, adding 200ml of hydrogen peroxide, and degrading for 50min at constant temperature;
(3) after degradation, adding 12g of cellulase for crystal form enzymatic conversion, and reacting for 16 min;
(4) after the reaction is finished, adding 1000ml of 90% alcohol into the solution for alcohol precipitation to carry out crystal form fixation;
(5) filtering the separated precipitate by using a screen;
(6) drying by adopting a low-temperature freeze drying technology;
(7) pulverizing into 150 mesh to obtain low temperature instant agar.
The dissolution temperature of the product is 53 ℃, and the dissolution time is 6 min.
Example 4
(1) Weighing 200g of conventional agar powder, adding into 1000ml of water, heating and boiling until the agar powder is completely dissolved;
(2) cooling the solution to 55 ℃, adding 150ml of hydrogen peroxide, and degrading for 55min at constant temperature;
(3) after degradation, 15g of cellulase is added for crystal form enzymatic conversion, and the reaction lasts 20 min;
(4) after the reaction is finished, adding 1000ml of 85% alcohol into the solution for alcohol precipitation to carry out crystal form fixation;
(5) filtering the separated precipitate by using a screen;
(6) drying by adopting a low-temperature freeze drying technology;
(7) crushing into 80 meshes to obtain the finished product of low-temperature instant agar.
The dissolution temperature of the product is 52 ℃, and the dissolution time is 6 min.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the low-temperature instant agar is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dispersing conventional agar in water solution, heating and boiling until completely dissolving;
(2) cooling the completely dissolved glue to 50-55 ℃, and adding hydrogen peroxide to carry out constant temperature degradation for 40-60 min;
(3) after degradation, adding cellulase for crystal form enzymatic conversion, wherein the reaction time is 15-20 min;
(4) after the reaction is finished, adding alcohol with the concentration range of 80-95% into the solution, and carrying out alcohol precipitation to fix the crystal form;
(5) filtering the separated precipitate;
(6) drying by adopting a low-temperature freeze drying technology;
(7) and (3) crushing the mixture into required mesh according to the requirement to obtain the finished product of low-temperature instant agar, wherein the dissolving temperature of the low-temperature instant agar is 50-55 ℃, and the dissolving time is 5-7 minutes.
2. The method for preparing low-temperature instant agar according to claim 1, wherein the conventional agar is dispersed in water in the range of 10-30% in the step (1).
3. The method for preparing low-temperature instant agar according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the hydrogen peroxide used in the step (2) is 10-30% of the volume of the water.
4. The method for preparing low-temperature instant agar according to claim 1, wherein the cellulase is added in the step (3) in an amount of 5-8% of the agar amount.
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| CN108783404B (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2021-09-10 | 福建天源兴达生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of low-temperature instant agar |
| CN108783405B (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2021-09-10 | 福建天源兴达生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of agar with high gel strength |
| CN110407956A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-05 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of low-temperature instant agar and preparation method thereof |
| CN113121722A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-07-16 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Preparation method and application of denatured agar |
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| CA2174538A1 (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1995-04-27 | Michio Nagasawa | Base for sustained-release preparation, sustained-release preparation, and process for producing the preparation |
| CN104829753B (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2017-04-19 | 福建省绿麒食品胶体有限公司 | Preparation method of instant gracilaria agar with low freezing point |
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