RU2422036C2 - Method for preparation of fodder for poultry - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular - to methods for production of fodders intended for poultry breeding at poultry farms. The poultry fodder preparation method envisages cultivation of a stock bacterial culture in a reactor in sterile nutritional medium. The produced mass mixture with cakes, drying and milling. The stock culture used is represented by Bacillus subtilis enzyme-producing bacteria seeded into the nutritional medium in an amount of 0.8-0.9% of the above medium volume. The nutritional medium has pH = 6.9-7.2 and consists of farm animal slaughter blood (90-92%) and chalk (8-10%). The cultivation process proceeds during 24-27 hours under the conditions of continuous mechanical stirring and sterile air aeration till Bacillus subtilis cells content is at least 2.5 bln cells per 1 cm^-3, amine nitrogen content - at least 5.5 g per 1 dm^-3 and total nitrogen content - at least 29.0 g per 1 dm^-3. Mixing, drying and milling of rapeseed cakes and cultural liquor containing bacteria and nutritional medium remains proceed in the course of drying in a vibrofluidised bed, the heat medium temperature being 120-125°C, rapeseed cakes to cultural liquor ratio 3:1, during 20 min.

EFFECT: invention enables enhancement of the poultry fodder nutritional value and increase of slaughter blood utilisation degree.

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Description

The technical field to which the invention relates. The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for producing feed intended for growing poultry in poultry farms. Field of use: production of microbiological preparations, production of feed for farm animals and poultry.

The prior art. Analogs of the invention are methods of preparing primers, feed additives and feed containing raw materials of plant and animal origin, as well as living bacteria [1, 2].

A known method of producing additives for feeding, which involves the soaking of soybeans in an aqueous salt solution of macro-microelements, which is used as a mixture of their salts in the form of sodium chloride, glauber's salt, zinc and iodine to reach a moisture content of not more than 35%, is further mixed with dry vegetable low-fat raw materials with a fat content of not more than 10% (for example, with a mixture of sunflower meal, and / or bran, and / or grass meal), extruded at 115-140 ° C, then mixed with a dry vegetable high-protein component in de mixture of cake (meal) of sunflower and / or sunflower seeds and with a vitamin carotene-containing concentrate, which is used as a mixture of vitamin grass meal and / or dry green concentrate of grass juice. The mixture is granulated, in the process of granulation probiotics-enzymes (for example, “cellobacterin”) are introduced simultaneously with molasses [1].

The disadvantages of this method include the use of pre-soaking soybeans and the associated inevitable formation of wastewater with a high salt content.

Closest to the claimed is a known method for producing a preparation for feeding chickens, which consists in the fact that a uterine culture containing a consortium of bacteria VNIISCHM 1-33, including Ruminococcus albus 1-33 and Lactobacillus acidophilus 1-33, is seeded in an amount of 1- 5% in a sterile nutrient medium (20 min at a pressure of 1 atm) with a pH of 6.8-7.0, cooled to a temperature of 35-40 ° C, consisting of 5% of sunflower or soybean meal and 95% of tap water, cultivation is carried out in bottles for 1 day, and then a bacterial production culture, with holding a consortium of bacteria 1-33 were mixed with sunflower or soybean meal in a ratio of from 1: 1 to 1: 2. Further, passing dry air, the resulting mixture is dried at a temperature of 40-60 ° C to a residual moisture content of 7.0-7.2%, after which the dried preparation is crushed to a particle size of not more than 2 mm [2].

The disadvantages of this method include the need to remove from the mixture “bacterial mass-meal” of excess tap water, which is introduced at the stage of cultivation into a nutrient medium, as well as the formation of “sintered” fractions of the drug during dehydration and the need for additional grinding of the drug with using the crusher-mill universal DKU-2.

Common essential features with the claimed method of preparation of a preparation for feeding poultry is the cultivation of enzyme-producing bacteria in liquid nutrient media, the mixing of the grown biomass with vegetable protein (meal), followed by drying.

The purpose of the invention is the development of a technology for obtaining a nutrient medium for growing bacteria with enzymatic activity, and the improvement of the subsequent stages of mixing and dehydration of the components of the bird feed.

The essence of the invention lies in the development of a method of obtaining food for birds by mixing, drying and grinding in a boiling layer of rapeseed meal and culture fluid containing at least 2.5 billion cubic meters · cm ^-3 Bacillus subtilis, 5.5 g · dm ^-3 amine and 29.0 g · dm ^-3 total nitrogen with a ratio of rapeseed meal and bacterial mass of 3: 1.

The implementation of the proposed method is possible due to the fact that for the cultivation of enzyme-producing bacteria Bacillus subtilis in bottles or a reactor, a sterile nutrient medium is used, consisting of 90-92% of the blood from the farm animals and 8-10% of chalk. In the process of growth and metabolism, Bacillus subtilis cells produce the protoletic and amylolytic enzymes necessary for the cells to break down protein substrates in the nutrient medium [3, 4, 5].

By the end of the growing cycle, the culture fluid contains at least 7.5 units. PA proteolytic and 5.2 units AA amylolytic enzymes, as well as unspent free amino acids and at least 2.5 billion cells · cm ^-3 Bacillus subtilis. The degree of cleavage of blood proteins by enzymes as a result of cultivation reaches 18-20%. Thus, as a result of the use of Boin blood in the nutrient medium, it is possible not only to obtain the biomass of probiotic bacteria, but also to partially hydrolyse the blood protein to essential amino acids.

The use of acidic or enzymatic hydrolysates of protein raw materials as feed additives increases the nutritional value of poultry feeding diets and is widely used in practice [6, 7].

The culture fluid obtained from growing Bacillus subtilis is subjected to dehydration in a vibro-boiling layer installation on a carrier, which is used as rapeseed meal.

The optimal ratio of rapeseed meal and culture fluid (3: 1) was determined experimentally on the basis of the boundary values of residual moisture of not more than 6%, the mass of the feed fed and the bacterial content of Bacillus subtilis (not less than 1.25 billion cells · in dm ³ ) in the preparation .

Each of the components of the feed (rapeseed meal, culture fluid containing bacteria and residues of the nutrient medium) can be subjected to dehydration by convective drying.

This fact is confirmed experimentally by studying the kinetics and temperature ranges of thermal decomposition of these components using the differential thermogravimetry method (table 1). It was found that thermal inactivation of the components occurs in the range 134-145 ° C.

The almost instantaneous drying of the culture fluid on a vibrating boil layer of rapeseed meal leads to the fact that it turns into a dry product earlier than it could heat above a critical temperature at which irreversible changes in its properties are possible.

In addition, the drying process of the sprayed culture fluid proceeds extremely quickly (15-30 seconds), and the particles in the zone of elevated temperatures have a saturated surface, the temperature of which is close to the temperature of adiabatic evaporation of a clean liquid.

As a result of the “boiling” of solid particles of rapeseed meal under the influence of the directed flow of coolant and vibration, there is no “sintering” effect, and there is also mechanical abrasion of the dried product to the required particle size (not more than 2 mm), which eliminates the stage of further grinding.

The problem is achieved in that for the preparation of a nutrient medium, a reactor with a capacity of 150 dm ^{3 is} charged with 90 dm ^{3 of} boine blood and 10 dm ^{3 of} chalked chemical is added until a pH of 6.9-7.2 is reached. Then the resulting mixture is heated to 120 ° C, maintained at this temperature for 25-30 minutes. Cool to a temperature of 36-37 ° C. After that, uterine culture is introduced into the nutrient medium in the amount of 0.8-0.9% of the volume of the medium and cultivation is carried out for 24-27 hours with continuous stirring and aeration. In the obtained culture fluid, the content of Bacillus subtilis cells (not less than 2.5 billion cells · cm ^-3 ), amine (not less than 5.5 g · dm ^-3 ) and total nitrogen (not less than 29.0 g · dm is controlled ^-3 ). The culture fluid in a volume of 90 DM ³ pass to the stage of mixing, drying and grinding.

To mix, dry and grind the components included in the feed composition, 45 dm ³ rapeseed meal is loaded into the installation with a boiling layer and dehydrated for 10 minutes at a temperature of 120-125 ° C in the heat carrier flow. Then, in the cavity of the drying chamber with continuous boiling of the dry mass of rapeseed meal, a culture liquid containing bacteria and residues of the nutrient medium is sprayed through the nozzle at a feed rate of 5 dm ³ per minute 15 dm ³ . Drain the feed for 10 minutes. The finished feed is unloaded, after which the cycle of mixing, drying and grinding is repeated. In the resulting feed, residual moisture (not more than 6%), dispersion (not more than 2 mm) and the content of the main components are controlled in accordance with the technical specifications.

The implementation of the claimed invention eliminates the use of tap water necessary for the preparation of a nutrient medium by replacing it with martin blood, which increases the nutritional value of the drug and at the same time increases the degree of utilization of martin blood generated during the slaughter of farm animals at meat processing enterprises, provides a combination of the mixing stage , drying and grinding with a total process time of not more than 20 minutes

The inventive method of preparing food for birds is characterized in that:

1. As a nutrient medium for the cultivation of enzyme-producing bacteria, a mixture is used, consisting of 90-92% of Boin blood of farm animals and 8-10% of chalk without the addition of water.

2. The culture fluid containing at least 2.5 billion cubic meters · cm ^{-3 of} Bacillus subtilis additionally contains at least 5.5 g · dm ^{-3 of} amine and 29.0 g · dm ^{-3 of} total nitrogen.

3. Preparation of the feed form is carried out by combining the stages of mixing, drying and grinding in the process of boiling drying of rapeseed meal and culture fluid containing bacteria and residues of the nutrient medium in the heat carrier stream with a temperature of 120-125 ° C with a ratio of rapeseed meal and culture fluid 3: 1 for 20 minutes

The presence of distinctive features in the claimed invention indicates compliance with its criterion of "novelty."

In this application, the requirement of the unity of the invention is fulfilled, since all the features relate to one object - the methods of preparing preparations for feeding the bird.

The claimed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step". From the above description of the prior art it follows that the applicant has not identified sources of information containing information about analogues having signs that match the distinctive features of the claimed invention from the prototype.

The presence of a causal relationship between the totality of the essential features of the claimed object and the achieved technical result is shown in table 2.

The possibility of carrying out the claimed invention is shown by the following examples.

Example 1. To prepare a nutrient medium in a reactor with a capacity of 150 dm ³ with a constantly working stirrer, load 90 dm ^{3 of} blood of blood and portionwise inject 10 dm ^{3 of} chalk purified until a pH of 6.9-7.2 is reached. Then the resulting mixture is heated to 120 ° C, maintained at this temperature for 25-30 minutes and cooled to a temperature of 36-37 ° C. In the sample control the pH value, the content of amine and total nitrogen (table 3).

Example 2. In uterine culture of Bacillus subtilis is introduced into a volume of 0.8-0.9% of the volume of medium cooled to a temperature of 36-37 ° C. Then, cultivation is carried out for 24-27 hours with continuous mechanical stirring (150 rpm) and aeration with sterile air (aeration coefficient 0.2). In the process of cultivation, samples are taken in which the dynamics of the growth of biomass, amine and total nitrogen are controlled. When the content of Bacillus subtilis cells in the culture fluid is not less than 2.5 billion cells · cm ^-3 , amine nitrogen not less than 5.5 g · dm ^-3 and total nitrogen not less than 29.0 g · dm ^-3, the growing process stop, and the resulting culture is passed on to the next stage (table 3).

Example 3. For mixing, drying and grinding the components included in the composition of the preparation, 45 dm ³ rapeseed meal is loaded into the installation with a boiling layer and dehydrated for 10 minutes at a temperature of 120-125 ° C in the heat carrier flow, then into the cavity of the drying chamber at continuous boiling of the dry mass of rapeseed meal through the nozzle, 15 dm ^{3 of} Bacillus subtilis culture fluid is injected (sprayed) into the chamber at a feed rate of 5 dm ³ per minute. Dosage of the drug is carried out for 10 minutes. The finished product is unloaded, after which the cycle of mixing, drying and grinding is repeated. In the resulting preparation, residual humidity (not more than 6%), dispersion (not more than 2 mm) and the content of the main components are controlled in accordance with the technical specifications (table 4).

Information sources

1. Pankov A.A., Pankov S.A. "A method of obtaining protein-energy vitamin feed additives based on full-fat soy." RF patent No. 2189150 dated September 25, 2001.

2. Grudinina T.N., Laptev G.Yu., Prokopyeva V.I., Soldatova V.V. "A method of feeding chickens and a method of obtaining a preparation for feeding chickens." RF patent No. 2171037 from 07.27.2001.

3. Kolchinskaya M.D., Vasiliev V.N., Kachan A.F. The products of the enzymatic hydrolyzate of casein and elastin by the protease B.subtilis // Mikrobiol. Journal. - 1983. - No. 9. - S.13-16.

4. Slabospitskaya A.T., Krymovskaya S.S., Reznik S.R. Enzymatic activity of bacilli, promising for inclusion in the composition of biological products. // Microbiol. journal - 1990. - T. 52, No. 1. - S.9-14.

5. Smirnov V.V., Reznik S.R., Vasilevskaya I.A. Spore-forming aerobic bacteria - producers of biologically active substances. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1982 - S.230-244.

6. Mukhin VA, Novikov V. Yu. Enzymatic protein hydrolysates in feed for poultry. // Zootechnics - 2001 - No. 10 - C 21-23.

7. Gmyrya I.F. "A method of obtaining a protein hydrolyzate." RF patent No. 2195130 dated 12/27/2002.

table 2 Causal relationship between the set of essential features of the claimed object and the achieved technical result Type of technical Actual indicator Detailed explanation, due to which result and estimated (hallmark and (or) their prototype claimed totality) became possible an object improved performance object compared to the prototype Disclaimer 95% of 0% As a breeding ground for use of volume cultivating tap water environment enzyme-producing bacteria in the composition a mixture consisting of 90-92% is used nutrient medium bloodless agricultural recycling animals and 8-10% chalk without addition production; water. increase nutritional value cultural - Amine Culture fluid after liquids nitrogen splitting cultivation (not less than 5.5 blood proteins under the influence g dm ^-3 ) enzymes secreted by bacteria Total nitrogen Bacillus subtilis additionally contains (not less than 29.0 not less than 5.5 g · dm ^-3 amine and 29.0 g · dm ^-3 g dm ^-3 ) total nitrogen. Exercise - 20 minutes Getting the finished form of feed processes carried out by combining mixing, drying and stages of mixing, drying and grinding in grinding in the process of boiling drying of rapeseed for 20 min meal and culture fluid, containing bacteria and residues culture medium in a stream heat carrier with a temperature of 120-125 ° C with the ratio of rapeseed meal and culture fluid 3: 1 over 20 minutes.

Table 3 Culture medium and culture fluid characterization Semi-finished product characterization culture medium culture fluid pH amine nitrogen, g · dm ^-3 total nitrogen, g · dm ^-3 cell content, billion cells · cm ^-3 enzymatic activity amine nitrogen, g · dm ^-3 total nitrogen, g · dm ^-3 AA unit PA, units 6.9-7.2 2.0 ± 0.2 3.2 ± 0.2 2.8 ± 0.2 5.2 7.5 6.2 ± 0.5 31.4 ± 1.2

Claims (1)

1. The method of preparation of bird food, involving culturing in the reactor in a sterile nutrient medium a uterine culture of bacteria, mixing the resulting mass with meal, drying and grinding, characterized in that the enzyme-producing bacteria Bacillus subtilis are used as a uterine culture, which are seeded in an amount of 0, 8-0.9% of the volume of the medium in a nutrient medium having a pH of 6.9-7.2 and consisting of 90-92% of the blood of the blood of farm animals and 8-10% of chalk, and the cultivation process is carried out for 24-27 hours with continuous fur nical stirring and aeration with sterile air until a Bacillus subtilis cell content of not less than 2.5 Bln. Cl. cm ^-3 , amine nitrogen not less than 5.5 g · dm ^-3 and total nitrogen not less than 29.0 g · dm ^-3 , and mixing, drying and grinding of rapeseed meal and culture fluid containing bacteria and residues of the nutrient medium is carried out during drying in a vibro-boiling layer in a coolant stream with a temperature of 120-125 ° C with a ratio of rapeseed meal and culture fluid 3: 1 for 20 minutes