RU2421388C2 - Plate conveyor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed plate conveyor comprises linear and transfer chutes, drive and tension drums, chains and guides. Cargoes are carried by transfer plates resting on axles supporting rolls provided with ball bearings rolling on chute bottoms when transfer plate move. Tie rods connect two traction chains together to move the axles. Said axles are coupled on both sides of transport facility. Weight of cargo on plates and that of parts of transfer run are completely imparted to chute bottom via axles and running rolls.

EFFECT: reduced power consumption, transfer of cargoes to longer distances.

3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

Known steel plate conveyors (1) used for transporting hot, abrasive or bulk materials. Known scraper conveyors (2), (3), which are everywhere used for transportation of extracted minerals in the working faces of coal mines.

As a prototype, the invention adopted the scraper conveyor RF patent №2018475 08/30/94, bull. No. 16, class B65 19/28, as the closest to the invention. This is explained by the following. In the construction of the invention, literally all structural elements are used, including assembly units and parts, with the exception of scrapers, which are used in scraper conveyors. These are linear and transitional pans, guides, drive and tension drums, chains, electric drives. Over the past half century, in the development of mechanization means for transporting mined minerals in the working faces, the final choice was made among all alternative modes of transport in favor of scraper conveyors, as the most suitable for working conditions in the working faces. Since the treatment faces are the main objects where the invention is to be applied, a scraper conveyor was also adopted as a prototype, as the basis for the further development of the transportation means of the extracted mineral.

Transportation of bulk mined fossil by a scraper conveyor is carried out by pushing with metal scrapers while the bulk material is moving ahead of itself along the metal bottom of the pan. The scrapers themselves are moved by moving the centrally located two traction chains connected to them. The ends of the scrapers while moving along the guides on both sides of the pans. The pans are made of metal and have two sidewalls connected by a metal bottom. The pans form an extended pit stand along which the transported fossil moves. The scraper chains are driven by the rotation of the drive and idler drums, which, in turn, are driven by electric drives.

Despite the generally acceptable design of the scraper conveyor as a vehicle, they have a number of serious drawbacks, because of which they cannot be considered as satisfying modern requirements.

The first drawback is the unacceptably high energy consumption for moving the transported cargo in connection with the need to overcome the resistance to movement, determined by the sliding friction forces of the granular mass on the metal bottom of the pan.

According to (4), the coefficient of friction - the slip of steel on loose soil is 0.4 ÷ 0.8. It follows that to move loose bulk coal mass pans on the metal bottom of the pan, it is necessary to apply force to overcome the friction resistance - sliding from 40% to 80% of the weight of the transported cargo, i.e. an average of 60% of the weight of the cargo. This value is prohibitive, because when moving the same load on the rollers it is enough to apply a force of 60 times less. So the resistance force to the movement of cargo moving on rollers with a radius of 5 cm, rolling on a steel sheet according to (4), is determined by the expression

where P is the weight of the transported cargo;

0.05 cm - coefficient of friction - wheel rolling with a steel bandage on a steel sheet;

5 cm is the radius of the roller.

Thus, objectively, there is the possibility, when replacing friction - sliding friction of skating, to reduce by 60 times the energy consumption for transportation of the extracted mineral, or when using the same electric drive capacities, to increase the vehicle productivity by 60 times in the working faces.

The disadvantage of existing scraper conveyors is the inability to use them for transporting heavy concentrated cargo in the working faces and on adjacent mine workings. So, during installation and dismantling works in the working faces, where there are scraper conveyors, for the delivery or delivery of heavy sections of mechanical support from lava, it is necessary to use special mounting winches and with their help to pull out sections of mechanical support from the lava with cables. Also, it is not possible to use scraper conveyors in the transport excavation adjacent to the lava for the delivery of equipment, timber, etc. to the lava.

It is highly relevant to create a universal vehicle for the transportation of goods at local mine workings, which can be used to carry out mining and transportation of rock and coal from a tunnel, then for transporting mining equipment during installation of the treatment complex in the newly introduced treatment face, then for transporting coal from the working face put into operation and, finally, for transporting mine equipment when dismantling the treatment complex from bed of lava.

Belt conveyors currently used in local mine workings are unsuitable for transportation during mining of rock because of its abrasiveness and rapid wear of the conveyor belt. They are also unsuitable for transportation of mining equipment due to the low strength of the belt and the presence of many reloading points. In this regard, in the same mining, it is necessary to change the mode of transport several times over the period of its existence.

The aim of the invention is the creation of a vehicle:

a) with much higher productivity when using the same capacities of electric drives, providing an order of magnitude lower specific energy consumption per 1 t · km of transported cargo;

b) being universal in relation to the transported cargo: capable of transporting coal and rocks both in bulk form and in blocks, transporting mining equipment, materials, heavy loads, transporting people;

c) providing the transport process for the entire necessary length of transportation in one mine without reloading points and with a sufficiently high productivity.

The invention and its distinguishing features from the prototype features.

The invention consists in:

a) the replacement of sliding friction when moving freight and idle branches by rolling friction;

b) constructive separation of the load-bearing web from the traction chains.

Distinctive features of these entities are:

a) to ensure the transition to friction of the rolling of the load branch, the installation of rollers equipped with ball bearings on the axes on which the load-bearing plates are supported by their eyes;

b) to ensure the transition to friction by skating the idler branch, bushings are installed in the lower part of the escalator along its entire length, rotating around the axial tubes when the idle branch is moving and taking on all the weight of moving parts;

c) for the elimination of transshipment points in the transport line on intermediate tension and drive drums, only the traction chains are circulated, the movement of the cargo and idle branches occurs without changes in the previous directions; a sign of this is the complete structural independence of the freight and idle branches of the escalator from its traction chains.

The invention is illustrated by means of drawings, each of which shows the following:

Figure 1. Plate conveyor, front view; 1 - linear pan; 2 - transitional pans; 3 - drive drum; 4 - a tension drum; 5 - cargo branch; 6 - idle branch; 7 - bushings.

Figure 2. Linear sections of a plate conveyor; view from above; 8 - load-bearing plates; 9 - sidewalls of pans; 10 - guard walls of the conveyor.

Figure 3. Cross section of the conveyor in a linear section; 11 - rollers equipped with ball bearings; 12 - axis; 13 - eyes of load-bearing plates; 14 - supporting sides of the conveyor; 15 - traction chains; 16 - axial tubes; 17 - side of the pan; 13 - bottom of the pan.

Figure 4. A section along aa in figure 3; 7 - bushings; 8 - load-bearing plates; 12 - axis; 13 - the eyes of the plates; 15 - traction chains; 16 - axial tubes; 17 - couplers.

Figure 5. The section along BB in Figure 3; 8 - load-bearing plates; 11 - rollers with ball bearings; 12 - axis; 18 - bottom of the pan.

Figure 6. Traction chains, a) front view; b) top view; c) cross section; 15 - traction chains; 19 - traction plates; 20 - paws of traction; 21 - thrust; 22 - cross member.

Figure 7. Design of rollers equipped with ball bearings; front view; 12 - axis; 23 - the outer ring of the roller; 24 - the outer ring of the ball bearing; 25 - balls; 26 - an internal ring of the ball bearing.

Figure 8. Work of intermediate conveyor drives, front view; 1 - linear pan; 5 - cargo branch; 6 - idle branch; 7 - bushings; 15 - traction chains; 19 - traction plates; 27 - transitional pans of the intermediate drive; 28 - tension intermediate drum; 29 - leading intermediate drum; 30 - inter-drum bridge.

The idea of the invention is the movement of goods at the vehicle’s base with the replacement of sliding friction by sliding friction is realized by moving goods on load-bearing plates based on axles on which rollers equipped with ball bearings are mounted. These rollers roll along the metal bottoms of the pans and transmit to them the entire cargo weight of the moving parts of the cargo branch. The movement of the roller bearings is determined by the axes on which they are mounted. The axes themselves perceive movement from the eyes of the load-bearing plates, which are forced to move the traction plates of the rods mounted on the traction chains. In turn, the traction chains are driven by the rotation of the drive and tension drums.

In the drawings, a structural arrangement of plate conveyors is specifically shown.

Figure 1 presents a frontal view of the conveyor. The conveyor has a line of linear pans 1 and two transition pans 2, leading 3 and tension 4 drums. The drums are driven by electric motors to the driving and tensioning drums. The load-bearing plates when moving as part of the cargo branch 5 with their eyes rest on their own axes. With their flat rear part, the plates rest on the eyes of the following plate, which transfers the weight of its own and neighboring cargo to its axis, from which the weight is transmitted through its roller bearings to the bottoms of the pans. Thus, the entire weight of the cargo and moving parts of the cargo branch rolls along the bottom of the pans and therefore experiences resistance to movement only in the form of rolling friction.

When moving as a part of the idle branch 6, the plates with their flat surfaces rest on the bushings 7, mounted on the axial tubes 16 (see Figure 3) forcing them to rotate around the axial tubes. When moving in the composition of the idle branch of the plate with its front part - with its eyes (see Figure 1) they rely on the flat surfaces of the ahead plates, which also rely on rotating sleeves. Therefore, the entire weight of the moving parts of the idle branch is completely transferred to the rotating sleeves, and the resistance to the movement of the idle branch is also determined only by rolling friction.

Figure 2 - shows a top view of the conveyor in the area of linear pans. You can see the position of the flat working surfaces of the load-bearing plates 8, the upper strips of the sides of the pans 9 and the guard sides 10. The guard walls are designed to increase the conveyor's receiving capacity for transporting bulk goods. To ensure maximum receiving ability, the guard walls extend to the maximum height. When transporting heavy bulky goods, there is no need for guard walls, and therefore they are lowered on both sides. When transporting people over long distances through mine workings, for the possibility of landing or gathering people of the conveyor, one protective board is lowered, located on the side of the mine working section intended for the movement of people. The guardrail, on the other hand, must be raised to the maximum height to protect people during transportation from falling out during movement or the appearance of external obstacles.

Figure 3 - shows a cross section of the conveyor in the area of linear pans. The upper part of the drawing shows how the load-bearing plates 8 with their eyes 18 rest on the axis 12, which, in turn, transfer their entire weight to the roller bearings 11 rolling along the bottom of the pans 18. Traction plates 19 force the axis of the load branch to move (see Figure 4), which, being on the rods (see Figure 6), are moved by the traction chains 15.

In the lower part of FIG. 3 it is seen that, when moving as a part of the idle branch, the plates 8 with their flat working surfaces rest on the bushings 7, forcing them to rotate around the axial tubes 16 on which they are mounted. The axial tubes 16 themselves do not rotate and are rigidly fixed in the support flanges 14. The traction chains 15, when moving as a part of the idle branch with their plates 19, induce movement of the plate 8. Together with this, they transfer their weight to the plates, which are then transferred to the rotating sleeves. Thus, as in the cargo branch, the weight of all moving parts in the blank branch is also transferred to the rotating sleeves, providing resistance to the movement of the blank branch only due to the rolling friction forces.

Figure 4 presents a longitudinal section on a linear section of the conveyor along the line aa in figure 3. The drawing allows you to consider the design solution to the issues that were considered in Figure 3, but based on a longitudinal section. The drawing shows that the load-bearing plates 8, when moving as part of the cargo branch, are supported by their eyes 13 on the axis 12. Figure 4 shows the position of the traction chains in the cargo and idle branches, shows how they are with the rod plates 19 (see. 6) the load-bearing plates are forced to move, moving their traction axes and roller bearings, which are installed on them, forcing them to roll along the bottoms of the pans.

In the lower part of the drawing of FIG. 4 it is seen that when moving as a part of the idle branch, the plates with their flat surfaces lean directly on the bushings 7, and with their eyes they lean on the flat surfaces of the front plates in front, which also transfer their weight to the bushings 7, forcing them to rotate. The movement of the plates as a whole as a part of the cargo branch, and as part of the idle branch is provided by couplers 17, which are interconnected by all adjacent axes on both sides of the cargo and idle branches.

Figure 5 also shows a longitudinal section of the conveyor in its linear section, made along the line BB in Figure 3, into which the roller bearings in the load and idle branches fall. Figure 5 shows the rolling of the roller bearings 11 along the bottom 18 of the pans in the cargo branch and the movement of the roller bearings on the weight of the axles 12 in the idle branch.

Figure 6 presents the device of the traction chain of the conveyor. The drawings are presented separately: a) front view, b) top view and c) cross section. Both traction chains 15 are interconnected by rods 21, ensuring their stability during movement. Each rod consists of a cross member 22, legs 20, traction plates 19. The legs 19 are connected to the chains by bolted connectors. To do this, each section of the chain ends with a plate with a hole. Corresponding openings are available in the claws on both sides. To connect the chain to the link, the chain plate with the hole is inserted into the end of the paw. After combining the holes, a bolt is pushed through them and the nut and washer are twisted from the opposite side.

The presence of paws provides a stable vertical position of the thrust plates during the transfer of traction forces from the plates to the load-bearing plates in the load and idle branches.

Figure 7 shows the device of roller bearings. Ball bearing is pressed inside the outer ring 23 of the roller with its outer ring 24. Between the inner ring 26 and its outer ring 24 there are balls 25 in rolling, providing a minimum amount of rolling friction during movement of the roller bearing. An axis 12 is pressed into the inner ring 26 of the bearing. This ensures a stable position of the roller bearing on the axes of the load and idle branches.

On Fig presents the work of the intermediate conveyor drums, equipped with drives, providing non-reloading movement of goods along the cargo branch through the intermediate drums. The elimination of transshipment points in the transport chain of conveyors installed in long mine workings provides a sharp improvement in the quality of the transport process. This becomes possible due to the fact that the design of the conveyor provides for the structural independence of the load-bearing web in the load chain 5 and in the idle chain 6, consisting of load-bearing plates, roller bearings, axles and couplers connecting them from the traction chains 15. When moving in linear sections 1 and transitional 27 pans of a load-carrying web and traction chains move together, providing a transport process. When passing through the intermediate drive 29 or tension 28 reels, their travel paths diverge: the load-bearing web continues to move in the same direction, and the traction chains 15 on the intermediate drums make a half turn by 180 degrees and already in the idle branch move in the opposite direction. In this case, the movement of the cargo branch 5 passes from the intermediate driving drum 29 through the transitional inter-drum bridge 30 to the tension drum 28.

The elimination of reloading points during the transportation of goods along the entire length of the transport mining allows you to ensure the immobility of the cargo on the load-bearing fabric during the entire period of movement of the cargo. This makes it possible to convey heavy overall loads with a conveyor, ensuring their stable position on a load-bearing web. It creates the possibility of safe transportation of people along the entire length of the long mine. The opportunity arises to use in the mining sites a progressive new technology for the extraction of minerals in large blocks for treatment and mining operations, followed by transportation of minerals in large blocks outside the mining site.

Based on the foregoing, it can be stated that the new vehicle being developed in this invention is a plate conveyor universal with respect to the transported cargo.

The technical and economic efficiency of the invention consists in a multiple increase in the productivity of the plate conveyor compared to the performance of scraper conveyors with a very slight increase in the metal consumption of the load and idle branches and with the same power of the electric drives on the drive and tension pulleys. We carry out the necessary calculations to prove the above.

1. The determination of the specific gravity per 1 linear meter of the length of the branches of the moving parts of the plate conveyor.

1. Plates. Plate thickness 10 mm. Dimensions 70 cm × 11 cm. The volume of the body part of the plate in contact with the load, 70 cm × 11 cm × 1 cm = 770 cm ³ . The body volume of the seven eyes is 3.14 × (1.5 ² cm ² - 1 ² cm ² ) × 1 cm × 7 = 27.4 cm ³ . The total body volume of the plate is 770 cm ³ + 27.4 cm ³ = 797 cm ³ .

The total weight of the plate is 797 cm ³ × 7.8 g / cm ³ = 6.2 kg.

2. Rollers. Quantity - 6. Diameter: outer - 100 mm, inner - 80 mm. Thickness - 15 mm. The body volume of the roller is 3.14 × 1.5 cm × (5 ² cm ² - 4 ² cm ² ) = 42.5 cm ³ . The weight of one roller is 42.5 cm ³ × 7.8 g / cm ³ = 0.33 kg.

The total weight of the rollers is 0.33 kg × 6 = 2.0 kg.

3. Bearings. Quantity 6. Determine the body volume of one bearing (see figure 5):

- outer ring: outer radii - 4 cm, inner - 3.5 cm; body volume 3.14 × (4 ² cm ² - 3.5 ² cm ² ) × 1.5 cm = 18.9 cm ³ ;

- inner ring: radii: outer - 1.5 cm, inner - 1 cm, body volume 3.14 × (1.5 ² cm ² - 1 ² cm ² ) × 1.5 cm = 3.84 cm ³ ;

- balloons. Quantity - 8. Radius - 1 cm; body volume _^4/3 × 3,14 × March ¹ cm ³ = 4.2 cm ^3.

The volume of all balls of the bearing is 4.2 cm ³ × 8 = 33.6 ³ cm ³ .

The total body volume of one bearing

18.9 + 3.8 + 33.6 = 56.3 cm ³ .

The weight of one bearing is 56.3 cm ³ × 7.8 g / cm ³ = 0.44 kg.

The weight of all 6 bearings is 0.44 kg × 6 = 2.64 kg.

4. The axis. Diameter 20 mm. Length - 700 mm. The body volume is 3.14 × 70 cm × 1 ² cm ² = 220 cm ³ . Axis weight 220 cm ³ × 7.8 g / cm ³ = 1.7 kg.

5. Couplers. Quantity 4. Composition: two rings and a cross-member. Cross member, dimensions 10 cm × 2 cm × 1 cm. Volume 20 cm ³ .

Ring. Outer diameter - 6 cm, inner - 2 cm. Thickness - 1 cm.

The volume of the ring is 3.14 · (3 ² -1 ² ) = 25 cm ³ .

Screed volume 20 cm ³ + 2 × 25 cm ³ = 70 cm ³ .

Screed weight 70 cm ³ × 7.8 g / cm ³ = 545 g.

The weight of four screeds is 0.545 kg × 4 = 2.18 kg.

The total weight of moving parts per installation step length of 11 cm is

6.2 + 2.0 + 2.64 + 1.7 + 2.18 = 14.72 kg.

The specific gravity of moving parts with an installation step of 11 cm per 1 meter of length is 14.7 kg: 0.11 m = 133 kg / m.

6. Traction. Installation step - 33 cm. Composition: cross member, 4 legs and 2 traction plates.

Cross member. Dimensions 70 cm × 3 cm × 1 cm. Volume 210 cm ³ .

Paws Quantity 4. Dimensions: 6 cm × 4 cm × 2 cm. Volume 48 cm ³ .

Traction bars. Dimensions: 16 cm × 6 cm × 1 cm. Volume 96 cm ³ .

In general, the thrust volume: 210 + 4 × 48 + 2 × 96 = 594 cm ³ .

The traction weight is 594 cm ³ × 7.8 g / cm ³ = 4.6 kg.

At 1 meter of length, the weight of the rods is 4.6 kg: 0.33 m = 13.8 kg / m.

7. Chains. Quantity - 2. Weight 1 lm chain 12 kg / m.

Total specific gravity of all moving parts per 1 pm of length is

133 + 13.8 + 2 × 12 = 170 kg / m.

Dependence of conveyor performance on its length

Calculation with horizontal installation of the conveyor.

1. The resistance to movement of the idle branch due to the rolling friction forces according to (4) is equal to:

- during friction of rolling the plate - sleeve, leading to their rotation,

Where

0.05 cm - coefficient of friction of rolling the steel plate - steel sleeve;

2.5 cm is the radius of the sleeve;

- when rolling friction of the inner surface of the sleeve - steel non-rotating axial tube

where 2 cm is the radius of the axial tube.

On the whole, the resistance to displacement of the idle branch due to the rolling friction forces is

3.40ℓ + 4.25ℓ = 7.65ℓ, kg.

2. The total weight of the moving parts of the cargo branch and the incoming cargo flow to the cargo branch of the conveyor is

where P is the minute cargo flow, kg / min;

ℓ - the length of the escalator;

1.216 m / s - the speed of the conveyor chains.

3. The friction drag force of the rolling of the cargo branch due to the friction forces of the rollers on the bottom of the pan

where 0.05 cm is the coefficient of friction resistance of rolling steel on steel;

5 cm is the radius of the roller bearings.

4. The resistance force of rolling friction in bearings due to rolling friction of the inner ring of the bearing on the balls is

5. The total force of the friction resistance of riding in the cargo branch

6. The total force of resistance to movement in both branches of the conveyor is equal to

7. The volume of work on moving cargo on an escalator by 1 m is

8. When using 2 electric motors with a power of 110 kW each as electric drives, their total power, expressed in kg · m / s, is equal to

2 × 110 kW × 102 kg · m / (s · kW) = 22400 kg · m / s.

9. The ratio of the volume of work to the power of the actuator gives the time for which this volume of work will be performed. On the other hand, the time of moving the load to a distance of 1 m is equal to the ratio of this length to the chain speed 1.216 m / s. Therefore, we obtain the equality

where from

As obtained from the presented formula, the productivity with a length of 200 m is 90 t / min. According to the technical characteristics, the most productive of scraper conveyors STsP 271 has a capacity of 12 t / min. As the comparison shows, the escalator has a productivity of 7.5 times more.

We determine the specific energy consumption of the conveyor for the transportation of goods. In an hour of operation, a conveyor 200 m long will transport

90 t / min × 60 min = 5400 t.

The specific energy consumption will be

According to the technical characteristics, the SCS 271 scraper conveyor has a specific energy consumption for cargo transportation of 3 kWh / (t · km). Thus, the energy consumption in the plate conveyor during its operation is 15 times less, which is explained by the prevention of sliding friction in the conveyor during cargo transportation due to the transition to skating friction.

Literature

1. Clark R.A. The use of steel plate conveyors. TSNIITESstroymash.

2. Equipment for cleaning and tunneling. Catalog. TsNIIEugol M., 1986, 296 p.

3. Complex mechanization and automation of sewage treatment in coal tents. M., Nedra. 1977, 415 p.

4. Putilov K.A. Physics course. Volume I. Fizmatgiz. M., 1962, 560 p.

Claims (3)

1. A plate conveyor for transporting bulk and concentrated cargo in mine workings, containing linear and transitional pans, drive and tension, drums, electric drives, chains and guides, characterized in that the cargo is transported on load-bearing plates supported by axles on which are mounted rollers equipped with ball bearings rolling when the load-bearing plates move along the bottoms of the pans, while the two traction chains are connected by rods to the traction plates moving the axles, and all axes with are coupled together on both sides of the plate conveyor by couplers, while the weight of the load mounted on the load-bearing plates and the weight of the moving parts of the load branch are completely transmitted through the axles and rolling rollers to the bottom of the pans. 2. The plate conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that in its lower part along its entire length transverse axial tubes are installed, on which sleeves are put on top, fully bearing the weight of the idle branch, while when moving the load-bearing plates rotate the sleeves around the axial tubes. 3. The plate conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains intermediate driving and tensioning drums with their own electric drives, providing tension and rotation of the movement of only the traction chains, while the load-bearing and idle branches move through the intermediate drums without changing direction.

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