RU2418164C2 - Universal automatic controlled hydro-pneumatic hammer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: universal automatic controlled hydro-pneumatic hammer - HPH - consists of case with working tool encased in it, of striker, of rod, of working cylinder with working piston, and of cover of compression chamber for metering system of lubrication with oil channels. Also, the HPH contains a control unit - CU including a rotary-pinion sensor of oil volumetric rate of flow -OVRFS wherein there are built in induction sensors of electric signals of control of working mode electric valves - WMEV, striker notch SNEV and an automatic device for inaccuracy reset of the OVRFS.

EFFECT: simplicity of fabrication and assembly, high repair ability, and reliability in operation.

2 dwg

Description

The invention - a hydropneumatic hammer (GPM) relates to the field of machines and mechanisms of impact, in particular to hydropneumatic impact devices, and is intended for the development and manufacture of various sizes of products with a higher frequency and regulation of impact energy as attachments to the executive bodies of construction and road machines, can be used as interchangeable working equipment for excavators and loaders for loosening frozen soils, crushing oversized, monoliths, in the mining oh industry.

At present, the industry of the Russian Federation is experiencing an acute shortage of domestic forging and pressing equipment, which is being replenished mainly due to the supply of gas-driven metal tools (hydraulic stamping hammers) of various sizes from Czechoslovakia and Germany. The development of gas-and-mining tools will make it possible to compensate for this shortcoming by developing and manufacturing various types of gas-and-paper tools of domestic type) of hydropneumatic punching hammers) with any previously set impact energy, as well as the use of beds and shabotov in the repair of old worn-out gas-and-oil-grinding machines, working, sometimes for 50-70 years , with the replacement or use of old working bodies after reconstruction with a new standard size of the main gun mount.

There are many technical solutions for the implementation of the idea of manufacturing a simple, cheap to manufacture and operate a hammer, easily and simply adjustable in energy and frequency of impact, automatically switching on and off, reliable in operation and easily repairable, but they all have one or another deficiencies that interfere with the implementation of these decisions.

It is known (No. 2182226, RU, C2) the simplest device, but the disadvantage is its manual inclusion on and off, there is no adjustment in energy and frequency of impact. More complicated are RU 2117759, 2258138, but they have the same disadvantages. A serious drawback of the automatic RU 2082003 is the design complexity, complexity and high cost of manufacture, lack of adjustment and dubious reliability.

The closest to the idea of the structural perfection of the percussion mechanism are RU 2059045, 2333317, 1794135, if we consider them without a step, where the first has several pressure limit switches, the second inductive sensors for adjusting the stroke length of the hammer, the complexity of the design, manufacturing and reliability inhibit their implementation in life, the third has a system of sensors for hydraulic switches of the limiting pressure connected through openings to the working cavity of the hydraulic cylinder.

These holes will cause a violation of the integrity of the working surface of the cuffs of the working piston along the entire circumference, because the piston is not safe from rotation in the cylinder; it has manual control of entering and exiting the work.

All the above examples are observed

1) the lack of automatic inclusion in and exit from work, except 2082003;

2) the last three examples should be considered as hammers for driving piles, in which the mass of the impactors is measured in tons, the very low frequency of the impact and the main share of the impact energy is the free fall energy of the impactor mass;

3) do not meet the principle of universality - the destruction of the rock in the direction up and horizontally.

The invention, see FIG. 1, is simple to manufacture and assemble, has high maintainability, is reliable in operation, consists of a classic set of parts for this type of mechanism, and consists of a main body 7 with workers assembled therein and capable of reciprocating movement tool 1, the hammer 8, the rod 13 and the working piston 19, designed and assembled above the hammer 8 and / or inside the hammer (dashed lines in the drawing), the working cylinder 21 with the piston 19 (in FIG. 1 made over the housing ohm 7), a cover 24 with a pipe 23 for supplying compressed air from the pneumatic system of the excavator, as well as a design-based, widely used in machine tool industry, compulsory metering lubrication system consisting of a metering valve 18, channel 14, channel 10, oil collecting groove 11, screw groove 9 , the vacuum chamber for collecting grease 29, the channel 28 of the lubricant discharge into the oil drain channel 30 with a calibrated pressure reducing valve at a pressure of 5-10 atm to discharge excess and forcing lubricant into the channel 3 and the oil drain channel 30, a hydraulic pump with an oil tank and control unit lot, which includes the oil mass flow sensor 27 - DORM, the operating mode electrovalve - ECRR, the striker cock electrovalve - ECU, the control panel in the operator’s cabin, the hydropneumatic accumulator - GPU with a non-return valve, which are an integral part of the GPM control system.

The main element of the hammer control system is the oil volumetric flow sensor - DORM - of the rotary-gear type, the basis of which are rotary-gear (mass-produced) gas flow meters.

In the sensor, instead of a digital product flow meter, electromagnetic induction sensors are installed. The gear ratio of the gears from the driven shaft to the power take-off output shaft is selected so that the output shaft rotates 1/2 turn when the working piston striker moves from the BDC up to TDC. On the splines of the output shaft there are two disks with one-sided friction material applied to them, a control disk with two-sided friction material deposited on them is installed between them, on the control disk there is a half-cylinder made at the same time with a height of 10-15 mm to generate an electrical signal for switching on the ECRR and ECVU, and also PL - a flag of 7-10 mm at the level of the beginning of the half-cylinder. On the DORM case, at the level of the half-cylinder rotation, five induction sensors 2 are installed to turn on and off the ECRR and ECU and three to turn off the ECU with a delay line for re-starting the ECU for the time the drummer travels the distance from the moment of switching off to the moment of striking with a delay in re-starting the ECU by 5 10 ms after striking. When the obstacle is destroyed, the drummer leaves below the level of position II and I - both ECU and ECRR are turned off - the hammer switches to XX. The control of the electro-valve of the operating mode of the ECRR and the electro-valve of the platoon of the EKVU drummer through the control panel occurs depending on the position of the drummer 8 in the main body 7 in height, i.e. from the volume of oil passing through the DORM into the chamber 26 and / or leaving it. ECRR, upon receipt of a signal from the DORM, turns on the hydraulic system of the hydraulic control unit in the operating mode, blocking the oil drain channel, directing the oil flow through the check valve to the hydropneumatic accumulator - GPA (described in the initial description of the application at the end of paragraph 5, in parentheses, read "hydraulic pump, hydro-pneumatic accumulator and oil tank, not shown in the drawing "), for energy storage.

When you turn off the core of the ECRR under the action of the return spring accelerates back to its initial position and through a special pusher rod, rigidly fixed to the end of the core of the electromagnet ECRR, hits the flag FL 46 (FIG.2A) of the control disk and rotates it between two spring disks in starting point of DORM, i.e. The role of automatic quenching of the relative error of DORM is performed.

Consider, for example, the operation of the PMG with induction sensors of electrical signals DORM. The sensor has five fixed positions of the signal, in FIG.2A is indicated in Roman numerals; ФЛ - flag of the reciprocating control signal drive to return it to the starting point of the reference DORM pusher-rod 36 ECRR when it is turned off; I - position on-off ECRR - 25 mm of the rise of the hammer; II - position on-off ECU - 50 mm of the drummer; III - position off ECU - 200 mm of the rise of the drummer - small mode; IV - position off ECU - 300 mm of the rise of the drummer - medium mode; V - maximum mode - 400 mm drummer lift - manual switching of modes by the operator; hydro-pneumatic accumulator - gas compressor units and non-return valve, which are an integral part of the gas compressor unit control system, accumulate energy, are designed to increase the hammer efficiency, frequency and impact energy and, together, improve the hammer's efficiency and productivity.

This design development allows you to get such positive qualities of the GPM as:

1. Automatic inclusion in the work of the GPM and its output to XX.

2. The increased air pressure in the compression chambers and the working oil pressure of 250 atm allows to obtain large forces P _in on the system - the working piston 19 - the rod surface of the hammer 8 - the vacuum in the vacuum chamber 29 and at maximum compression should be 10-15% less force R _f - pressure of the working fluid in the rod chamber of the working cylinder. This condition of the design development allows to obtain a significant value of P _in , i.e. get a larger value of the acceleration and the final speed of the projectile, which can significantly reduce the mass of the projectile upon receipt of the impact of the same energy as that of the prototypes, increase the frequency of impacts, and hence increase productivity.

3. Automatic turning on and off the PMG operation, adjusting the energy and frequency of the impact by the induction control system and the energy storage system, and the dosed lubrication system significantly improve the working conditions of the hammer and operator.

4. A decrease in the mass of the striker and an increase in the acting force on the striker can significantly increase the frequency of the impact of the GPM, i.e. to get out of the resonant frequency of the boom and the excavator itself, which significantly increases its service life.

5. The use of significant force P _in allows the use of the universality of the GPM, ie the use of the possibility of striking down, horizontally, up, and the tightness of the PMG allows you to use it both on the ground and under water.

Description of the GPM in FIG. 1

1. The working tool.

2. Ftoroplastovy cuffs.

3. The groove for collecting oil to discharge into the oil drain channel.

4. The recess (locking) in the neck of the working tool.

5. The stopper.

6. One-sided oil seal.

7. Hammer body.

8. The drummer.

9. Helical groove

10. Grease outlet hole.

11. Groove on the hammer to release grease.

12. Cuffs.

13. The stock.

14. Lubrication passage.

15. Air compression chamber.

16. Channel connecting compression chambers.

17. Cuffs.

18. Dispensing valve.

19. The working piston with cuffs.

20. Piston compression chamber.

21. The housing of the working cylinder.

22. Channel connecting compression chambers.

23. Connection pipe to the pneumatic system of the excavator.

24. The housing of the compression chamber cover.

25. Compression chamber.

26. The chamber is brake, rod working.

27. DORM.

28. The channel for the release of lubricating oil drummer with a check valve.

29. Vacuum drum lubricant collection chamber.

30. Oil drain channel.

FIGS. 2 and 2A are graphical representations of an exemplary arrangement of a control unit directly mounted on a housing of a gas control unit and a control panel placed in an operator’s cabin.

31. DORM rotors.

32. Case DORM.

33. Channels for oil outlet to drain.

34. Spool ECR.

35. Oil supply from the hydraulic pump.

36. Pusher bar.

37. Electromagnetic coil EKRR.

38. Check valve

39. Electromagnetic coil ECU.

40. Housing ECU.

41. Corps ECRR.

42. Induction sensors of the position of the hammer in the housing.

43. Drive gear DORM.

44. The brake disc of the control disk.

45. Splined roller.

46. Check box to return the control disk to its original position.

47. Driven gear of a control disk.

48. The semi-cylinder of the control disk.

1) In statics, the working tool 1, the hammer 8 with the rod 13 and the working piston 19 are in the lowest position - BDC, the compression chambers 15, 20, 25 are filled with compressed air to the working pressure through the pipe 23 from the excavator's pneumatic system, the oil pump is turned on and works XX. The 12V supply voltage is supplied to the control unit, the ECRR is turned off, and the oil leaves through the oil drain channel into the oil tank. ECU is off, i.e. the oil channel into the rod working cavity 26 from the gas compressor unit is closed, the working cavity 26 is directly connected to the oil drain channel 30 and the PL according to FIG. 2A is located at the starting point of the DORM.

2) The hammer is directed and pressed onto an obstacle; the working tool 1 with the hammer 8, the rod 13 and the working piston 19 is raised up 25 mm, creating a vacuum in the braking chamber - the rod cavity 26 of the working cylinder - and due to the presence of pressure in the drain channel 30, which is in close proximity to the DORM, and created vacuum in the chamber 26, oil is sucked through the DORM into the working cavity 26, forcing the DORM rotors to rotate and, accordingly, the control disk with the PL half cylinder goes to position I, the ECR is turned on, which blocks the oil outlet to the oil drain channel 30 and directs it Without a check valve in the gas compressor unit, the oil outlet to the working cavity 26 is shut off by an ECU and the gas compressor unit accumulates the energy of the oil pump, accumulating oil and raising the pressure to the operating pressure of the gas compressor unit, hydraulic pump and setting the pressure-reducing (safety) valve.

3) The hammer continues to press the obstacle, the working piston 19, rising up by 50 mm, sucks the oil into the working cavity 26, rotating the rotors, and the half-cylinder includes position II, the ECU is turned on; the oil inlet into the cavity 26 is opened and the oil drain channel 30 is blocked, the hammer 8 under high acceleration oil rises with great acceleration, because there is a consumption of high-pressure oil accumulated in the gas compressor unit and from the oil pump to balancing the pressures, the PL passes positions III, IV, V and includes the position that the operator manually switched on on the control panel, at the same time there is even more air compression in the compression chambers 15, 20, 25 and a vacuum is created in the vacuum chamber 29. When the pressure rises sharply in the chamber 26, the metering valve 18 is pressed, which sends 1-1.5 cm ^{3 of} oil to the drum lubrication system, which enters the groove 11 through the channel 14, from it along the helical groove 9 all over the surface of the striker 8 lubricates the working surfaces of the striker 8 and cylinder 7 during the stroke of the striker up and down, the oil accumulates in the vacuum chamber 29. Part of the lubricant is pumped through a one-way seal 6 to lubricate the tool 1 and then goes through the oil collecting groove 3 through the filter (not specified in FIG. 1) to the oil drain channel 30 to the oil tank, the rest of the oil through the pressure reducing valve 28 enters the drain channel to the tank. Thus, automatic lubrication of the rubbing surfaces of the impactor, the body and the tool is carried out, wear is reduced and the reliability of the PMG is increased with an increase in its motor resources.

4) After switching on the position (the mode selected by the operator), i.e. off the ECU, the oil output to the working cylinder is blocked, the oil again accumulates in the gas compressor unit for a new cocking of the drummer. Through an open drain channel 30, the oil rushes into the oil tank under the action of compressed air forces on the working piston, hammer and vacuum of the vacuum chamber 29.

5) The drummer strikes the working tool.

If the rock is weak, then the firing pin will destroy the rock and go to the BDC, the PL will turn off the ECU and ECR during reverse movement, move the GPM to XX until the obstacle is pressed again and the pusher rod when the ECR is turned off by pressing the FL will extinguish the DORM error (oil consumption for lubrication impactor and tool), the piston 19, reaching the brake chamber, will be sharply braked due to water hammer and will prevent hardening from possible impacts of the piston 19 on the housing cover and on the drummer 8 on the housing bottom.

If the rock is strong and the drummer could not destroy it, then the PL does not reach position I and II, the ECU is turned on again, the cycles are repeated until the rock is destroyed with constant pressure of the GPM on the obstacle.

In order to improve reliability and guarantee the operation of the GPM, it is mandatory to install a fine filter after the oil pump and magnetic traps.

Claims (1)

Hydropneumatic hammer - GPM, automatic, adjustable, universal, including a housing with a working tool in it, a hammer, a rod, a working cylinder with a working piston, a cover for the compression chamber of a metered lubrication system with oil channels, characterized in that it includes a control unit - Control unit, which includes an oil volumetric flow sensor - DORM - rotary-gear with induction sensors mounted in it for electric signals for controlling the operating mode electrovalves - ECRR and cocking strike ika - EKVU, automatic reset device Dormia error.

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