RU2417585C1 - Rollers to make unrefined beeswax - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to apiary equipment. The proposed rollers to make unrefined beeswax represent two cylindrical parts coupled along relief side surfaces. The relief of side surfaces in shape and dimensions complies with the relief of honeycomb partition and is formed by ledges. Each ledge is a volume figure, including three faces in the form of quadrangles, which form the bottom of the empty honeycomb cell, and six faces that form side walls. Specified three faces are arranged at the angle to each other to form a bulge in the form of a trihedral angle. The angle near the top between the quadrangle ribs equals 95-108°. Six faces that form side walls of the ledge are arranged in the form of triangles. One of the face sides in the form of triangle is the adjacent side of the face, arranged in the form of quadrangle, the second one is the adjacent side of the neighbouring side face, and the third sides form the circuit of the generated cellular surface, which represents a regular hexagon. The ledges of parts are arranged so that the faces of the ledge in one part are made with the provision of coupling with the faces of the other part.

EFFECT: invention provides for production of high-quality unrefined beeswax with geometric parametres of cells, which are close to natural ones.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to beekeeping equipment and can be used in the design of machines for producing artificial wax by rolling wax plates.

Artificial wax is a relatively thin wax sheet with cells pressed on both sides. A wax fixed into the frame and inserted into the hive accelerates and facilitates the construction of honeycombs for bees, which helps to increase the productivity of the bee family.

An artificial wax with a corrugated surface can be made either on molds or using rollers. In this case, the relief surface of the working parts of the molds and rollers has various options.

A known mold with a raised surface for the production of waxes (Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2239312, IPC: AK 47/04). The relief surface is formed by the teeth of the plates of the same thickness with a sawtooth contour. The plates are packaged in such a way that the tops of the teeth of each subsequent plate are a continuation of the hollows between the teeth of the previous one. The plates collected in the package have a thickness of 2.6 to 3.6 mm. The dihedral angles of symmetrical V-shaped cuts are 120 °. The intersection lines of the faces of these cuts form an angle of 54-55 ° with the plane of the plate, and the step between the V-shaped cuts or teeth is equal to twice the thickness of the plate. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to bring parameters of a relief surface as close as possible to parameters of bee honeycombs built by bees in natural conditions.

However, the linear and angular sizes of the cells on the embossed surface of such a package differ from the similar sizes of honeycomb cells that the bees rebuild in natural conditions. In addition, the disadvantage of this device is the impossibility of obtaining exactly the same (androgenic) in quality cells on the formed sheets of wax due to changes in the degree of elasticity of the semi-matrices during operation of the device, as well as the difficulty of accurately installing and removing blanks.

Known rollers for the manufacture of waxes (USSR Author's Certificate for the invention No. 1028293, IPC: AK 47/04), which consist of rolls equipped with axles mounted in bearings on the frame. The rolls are located in the bed parallel to one above the other. The rolls have ribs on the surface that are parallel to each other at a distance of 22 mm and have a height of 15 mm. In this case, the ribs on the upper and lower rolls are arranged in such a way that during their rotation the ribs of one roll are placed in the intercostal space of another roll. The bearings of the upper roll are arranged to move in the vertical direction, providing a change in the distance between the rollers, thereby regulating the depth of entry of the ribs of the upper roll between the ribs of the lower roll. The upper roll bearing is equipped with a latch for its movement. On the axis of the rolls, on the one hand, two identical gears are placed, which are in mutual engagement and cause the same rotation of the rolls. On the opposite side, the handle of the roll rotation drive is fixed. The preparation of a sheet of artificial wax is passed through rotating ribbed rollers, receiving at the output sheets with a wavy (corrugated) surface.

Known rollers for the production of wax (RF Patent for the invention No. 2198508, IPC: AK 47/04) with a relief external surface obtained by machining their cylindrical surfaces. The relief surface is formed by slots located along the generatrices of the cylindrical workpiece with the same angular pitch, providing a linear step of 4-7 mm in the circumferential direction, and along two families of intersecting helical lines 4-7 mm apart and constituting with the generatrices of the cylinder and between angles of 60 °, narrow slots, inclined at an angle of 53-55 ° to the radius of the cylinder at the points of intersection of the cracks in the body of the workpiece, with the formation on its surface of the relief of the roller and consisting of periodically repeating trihedral pyramids with similar cavities between them. The applied relief ensures the formation of a wax with cells of optimal parameters during wax rolling.

One of the significant drawbacks of devices with rolls for wax production is the reduced cell depth compared to ideal cells of bee honeycombs that are built by bees in natural conditions without wax. Reducing the height of the pyramids on the relief surface of the rolls and, accordingly, reducing the depth of their impressions on the wax tape is a necessary measure, because when you try to get a wax with a normal cell depth by rolling a sheet of wax between the rollers with the correct relief surface, the wax deforms and breaks. The shapes of wax cells formed when rolling a sheet of wax through rollers of known designs are characterized by low productivity of bee colonies. The reduced cell depth leads to a decrease in the amount of feed that the bees place in cells with larvae to feed them. Thus, the bees at the initial larval stage of development in standard cells receive less feed, which negatively affects their productivity. This is the main disadvantage of standard waxes and devices with rolls for its production. In this connection, the problem arises of choosing the optimal wax parameters for the Central Russian bee breed. The solution of such a research problem requires the creation of rollers for the manufacture of artificial wax with a change in the characteristics of the relief surface in a wide range of parameters of the cells of the wax.

The task to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to produce rollers with protrusions of an original design that ensure the production of artificial wax for growing a quality brood in it and the development of a strong bee family, characterized by high productivity. The geometry of the embossed surface of the rollers provides the possibility of technological production of high-quality waxes in an industrial way with minimal loss on marriage, which is formed in the process of removing sheets of wax from the rollers or removing from the mold.

A characteristic parameter of the wax is the dihedral angle between the planes of the rhombuses, which form the cell of the wax and, accordingly, the bottom of the cell of honeycombs. According to the dihedral angle formed by the rhombuses of the cells, the wax is divided into ordinary with an angle of 140 °, half maximum - 130 ° and maximum - 120 ° (Vereshchagin AN - Journal “Beekeeping”, 2005, No. 6, p. 51). Each class of wax also corresponds to certain geometric parameters, in particular the angles between the adjacent sides of the rhombuses of the cells (flat angles), which have the parameters 115,707 °, 113,034 ° and 109,471 ° for ordinary wax, half-maximum and maximum wax, respectively. In addition, the geometric parameters characterizing the cells of the wax are also the angles of inclination of the faces and edges of the cells and their depth. For bee brood, a maximal wax with a deeper cell bottom is preferred, providing a more efficient location of the larva in milk in the first days of its development. The depth of the cell bottom has a significant effect on the further development of the bee larva. However, to ensure the best conditions for the development of the larva (brood rearing), an angle of 120 ° between the faces of the bottom of the cell is also not optimal. However, to make rollers, with which it would be possible to produce high-quality wax with an angle between the faces of the bottom less than 120 °, is a complex inventive task.

The technical result achieved by using the claimed invention is to provide the optimal geometry of the protrusions of the rollers, providing high-quality wax with geometric parameters of the cells, close to natural.

The problem is solved in that the rollers for the production of wax are at least two cylindrical parts mating along the relief side surfaces, while the relief of the side surfaces in shape and size corresponds to the relief of the mediastinum of honeycombs and is formed by protrusions, each of which, according to the technical solution, is a three-dimensional figure, comprising at least three faces made in the form of quadrangles and located at an angle to each other with the formation of a bulge in the angle of the trihedral angle, while the angle between the edges of the quadrangles at the apex of the trihedral angle is 95-108 °, and the protrusions of the parts are arranged so that when the parts rotate, the vertices of the protrusions of one part are located in the depressions formed by the adjacent protrusions of the other part (the edges of the protrusion one part mate with the edges of the protrusions of another part).

In addition, each protrusion of the part additionally contains six faces that form the side walls of the protrusion and are made in the form of triangles, one side of which is the adjacent side of the face made in the shape of a quadrangle, the second is the adjacent side of the adjacent side face, and the third sides of the triangles form a contour formed mesh surface, which is a regular hexagon. The faces forming the side walls of the protrusion are located at an angle of 9-15 ° to the normal plane drawn through the vertices of the faces located on the side surface of the cylindrical part, with the inclination of the side walls facing the inside of the protrusion.

The essence of the claimed invention consists in the creation of rollers with an external working surface, which provides artificial waxes, with a two-sided embossed cellular surface, in shape and size corresponding to the relief of the mediastinum of bee honeycombs. Obtained using the inventive rollers, the wax has cells whose geometrical dimensions practically repeat the geometrical dimensions of the protrusions of the rollers. Bulges in the form of a trihedral angle of the rollers on a sheet of wax form a three-dimensional figure with three faces made in the form of quadrangles and located at an angle to each other with the formation of a bottom in the form of a trihedral angle. The cells on each side of the sheet are arranged so that the faces of the bottom of each cell located on one side of the sheet are adjacent faces of the bottoms of three adjacent cells located on the opposite side of the sheet. Wax cells also have an additional six faces, forming its side walls and made in the form of triangles, one of the sides of which is the adjacent side of the bottom edge, the second - the adjacent side of the adjacent side edge, and the third sides of the triangles form the outer contour of the cell, which is a regular hexagon. The faces forming the side walls of the cell are located at an angle to the plane perpendicular to the plane of the wax, equal to 9-15 °, while the inclination of the side walls faces the inside of the cell. Thus, to obtain a wax with the listed geometric parameters of the cells, the working surface of the rollers is formed by protrusions (teeth), the shape of which follows the shape of the cells. In this case, the rollers are arranged so that the protrusions of one roller are located in the space between the protrusions of another roller.

The technical result of the claimed invention lies in the fact that the constructive solution of the working surface of the rollers provides high-quality waxes in an industrial way with minimal loss on marriage, which is formed during the removal of wax sheets from rollers with optimal cell geometry for brood growing. The cell geometry obtained with the help of rollers contributes to the construction of honeycombs by bees with minimal expenditure of energy and wax material. At the same time, the claimed geometric parameters of the protrusions on the working surface of the rollers, corresponding to the geometric parameters of the wax cells, were obtained as a result of R&D, in the framework of which studies of waxes (honeycombs) with various cell shapes and their effect on the productivity of bee colonies, as well as wax tests on the possibility of their technological manufacturing in an industrial way.

Until recently, it was believed that cells built by bees have the correct shape and one cell exactly matches the other. However, measurements of a large number of cells showed that cells of a completed regular shape in cells are rare (about 4%). The bulk of the cells has various deviations from the correct one. Studies have shown that one of the important parameters of the design of wax (in addition to the materials used for its manufacture, as well as the size of the base of the cell) is the shape of the cell, in particular the shape of the bottom of the cell, which is directly related to the productivity of bee colonies. The task is achieved by technical means, namely through the manufacture of wax, in which the cells have a certain geometric shape with a deep bottom, the edges of which have an angle of convergence of the ribs (flat angle) of 95-108 °, which provides additional volume for placement of bee milk in the cell and the full development of the larva. In addition, each wax cell has side walls whose ribs forming the outer contour of the cell form a regular hexagon, which facilitates subsequent detuning by honey bees and reduces the amount of wax material needed for this. In addition, the shape and dimensions of the side walls provide the possibility of technological production of wax with a deep bottom.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 schematically shows a general view of the rollers of the claimed design, Fig. 2 schematically shows a scan of one of the protrusions forming the embossed surface of the rollers, Fig. 3 shows an image of the surface shape of the wax cell formed by the protrusion of the roller, made in a perspective view, FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a fragment of the resulting wax (top view).

The positions in the drawings indicate:

1 - cylindrical parts (rollers);

2 - embossed side surface;

3 - ledge;

4 - trihedral angle;

5 - quadrangular faces;

6 - triangular faces (side walls);

7 - hexagonal contour.

The inventive device is a rolling unit of a line for the production of artificial wax (figure 1). Rollers of the claimed design can be installed both on an automatic line, and as an independent device for manual use. The device contains two cylindrical parts 1, made, for example, of steel billets. The lateral surfaces of 2 steel billets are embossed with a given relief pattern. The relief surface is formed by protrusions 3. Each protrusion 3 is formed by a trihedral angle 4 with an apex in point O, forming the bottom of the wax cell, and side walls 6 (FIGS. 2, 3). The faces of the protrusion 3 are in the form of quadrangles 5 (with sides a and b), while the angles α between the sides of each face at the vertex in T.O are made equal to 95-108 °. The side walls are formed of six faces 6 made in the form of triangles (with sides b, c, d). In this case, triangle-shaped faces are located on adjacent edges of the bottom faces until a hexagonal contour is formed, which is the base of each protrusion. In this case, one of the sides of the triangle (b) is the adjacent side of the quadrangle, the second (d) is the adjacent side of the neighboring triangle, and the third sides of the triangles (c) form the contour of the base of the protrusion (which forms the outer contour of the cell on the wax), which is a regular hexagon. In this case, the lateral faces of the protrusion are arranged at an angle of 9-15 ° to the normal plane drawn through the vertices of the faces located on the lateral surface of the cylindrical part. This ensures a high-quality wax (Fig. 4) with minimal losses for marriage during removal from the rollers. The lateral faces of the protrusions of the rollers form the lateral faces of the cell, which on the wax are located at an angle to the vertical plane (angle β) equal to 9-15 ° (Fig. 3).

The rollers are located relative to each other so that the protrusions of one roller during the rolling process are located between the protrusions of another roller. When rolling wax sheets, the ridges of the rollers on each side of the sheet form cells, and the bottoms of each cell located on one side of the sheet are adjacent faces of the bottoms of three adjacent cells located on the opposite side of the sheet.

The inventive rollers can be used in the design of the installation, presented, for example, in the materials of the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2259042. Wax production technology involves the processing of wax into wax ribbons, which are rolled on engraved rollers having protrusions corresponding in shape to the bottoms of the cells. The dimensions of the sheets of wax are determined by the size of the frames.

The inventive rollers were manufactured and used in the installation for the production of wax "Margarita - 1". Rollers were made with a diameter of 73 mm, a length of 285 mm with the number of protrusions on the side (working) surface of 2520 pcs. The protrusions on the side surface of the rollers are arranged in rows (located parallel to the axis of the rollers). The indicated geometrical dimensions of the rollers ensure that the protrusions are arranged in 60 rows of 42 protrusions in each row.

T.O. The claimed technical solution ensures the production of high-quality wax, in a form close to the natural mediastinum and serving as the optimal basis for the construction of honeycombs by bees. These rollers provide a raised surface on a high quality wax. The proposed shape of the protrusions of the working surface of the rollers contributes to the formation of a wax with a deeper bottom of the cells.

Claims (2)

1. Rollers for the production of wax, which are two cylindrical mating parts along the embossed side surfaces, while the relief of the side surfaces in shape and size corresponds to the relief of the mediastinum of honeycombs and is formed by protrusions, each of which is a three-dimensional figure that includes three faces in the shape of quadrangles forming the bottom of the cell wax and located at an angle to each other with the formation of a bulge in the form of a trihedral angle, while the angle between the edges of the faces of the quadrangles at the apex of the trihedral angle, it is made equal to 95-108 °, as well as six faces that form the side walls of the protrusion and are made in the form of triangles, while one of the sides of the faces in the form of triangles is the adjacent side of the face made in the shape of a quadrangle, the second - the adjacent side adjacent side faces, and the third sides of the faces in the form of triangles form a contour of the formed mesh surface, which is a regular hexagon, and the protrusions of the parts are located in such a way that the edges of the protrusion of one parts made with the possibility of pairing with the edges of the protrusions of another part. 2. Rollers according to claim 1, characterized in that the faces forming the side walls of the protrusion are located at an angle of 9-15 ° to the normal plane drawn through the vertices of the faces located on the side surface of the cylindrical part, with the inclination of the side walls facing the inside of the protrusion .

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