RU2417573C2 - Granular materials separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building and can be used in winnowing equipment. The separator comprises a stand, a lower and an upper tiers of sieves with a mechanism of their cleaning, a ramp board and a bottom. The sieve tiers are connected to the stand by springs, and are put into controlled oscillating motion by means of electromagnets. The sieve tier, the ramp board and the bottom inclinations are controlled and fixed in various positions by means of fixators. Springs damp the inertial load of the sieve tiers.

EFFECT: separator provides for improved quality of grain cleaning and increased efficiency during cleaning.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to grain cleaning equipment, and may find application for cleaning and sorting other bulk materials.

Known sieve mill of a grain cleaning machine (copyright certificate No. 614771, A01F 12/44, UDC 631.362.22 (088.8), published 15.17.78, BI No. 26). When cleaning the processed material to improve separation and increase productivity, the disadvantages of this sieve mill are: the inability to control the oscillation frequency of the sieves and the change in their angle of inclination depending on the type of crop and its condition (humidity, weediness, etc.).

A known separator of bulk materials (patent No. 2104098 C1 (51) 6 B07B 1/36, A01F 12/44, published 02/10/98, BI No. 4). The disadvantages of this separator are the inability to control the oscillation frequency of the sieves and the tilt angles of each tier of sieves.

A known machine for cleaning grain (patent No. 2073410, IPC A01F 12/44, BVB 9/00). In this design of a double-walled machine for cleaning grain, the upper sieve mill is made single-level with the possibility of adjusting its angle of inclination, and the lower sieve mill is made with two tiers of sieves and their inclination is adjusted together, i.e. of the whole mill, which does not fully meet the technological requirements and is a drawback - there is no possibility of autonomous regulation of the inclination of the sieves of each tier. In addition, the disadvantage of this machine is that both mills have large unbalanced masses, resulting in a huge dynamic load that degrades the quality of grain cleaning, machine reliability, and also causing a number of other negative phenomena: operator vibration sickness, breakdowns, decreased productivity, etc. .d.

The proposed separator of bulk materials can be used in farmers and other agricultural enterprises.

The proposed separator is designed to solve the following technical problems: improving the quality of cleaning due to better separation, increasing productivity and reducing grain loss during cleaning.

The solution of the tasks is achieved by: 1) regulating the frequencies of the sieve oscillations by electromagnets; 2) balancing the moving masses; 3) a decrease in their values; 4) damping by springs; 5) autonomous regulation of the tilt angle of the tiers of the sieves.

The bulk material separator includes a frame (rack), electromagnets, upper and lower tiers of sieves, springs, rotational and translational kinematic pairs, a cleaning mechanism for sieves with brushes, a sloping board, a bottom, rollers with a kinematic closure, a mechanism of lateral vibrations in the horizontal plane ( not shown), position locks (not shown). Before grain arrives from the hopper (not shown) on the tiers of the separator sieves, it is preliminarily blown by a stream of air to separate light impurities from it.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the upper and lower tiers of the sieves are connected to the strut through springs, which form rotational and translational kinematic pairs with the strut, the positions of the latter are fixed to regulate the tilt angles of the tiers of the sieves, and electromagnets are connected to the rack in translational pairs the oscillatory movement of the tiers of the sieves, the sloping board and the bottom also form rotational kinematic pairs with a stand at one end and the other translational, fixed e in different positions.

The drawing shows a separator of bulk materials, where the following structural elements are indicated under their positions:

1 - electromagnets;

2 - the upper tier of sieves;

3 - lower tier of sieves;

4 - springs;

5 - progressive kinematic pairs with clamps (not shown);

6 - mechanism for cleaning sieves with brushes;

7 - pitched board;

8 - bottom;

9 - rollers with kinematic closure;

10 - rack (frame);

11 - rotational kinematic pairs.

The electromagnets 1 vibrate the tiers of the sieves 2 and 3, the springs 4 dampen the inertial load of the tiers of the sieves, upper 2 and lower 3.

According to technological requirements, the preliminary tilting of the tiers of the sieves is regulated autonomously by translational kinematic pairs 5 and clamps (not shown). The same pairs of 5 are regulated by the slopes of the cleaning mechanism of the sieves 6 with brushes, the ramp 7 and the bottom 8. The positions of the latches providing the required slopes are indicated by dot-and-dot lines.

The cleaning mechanism of the sieves 6 with brushes move on rollers 9 with a kinematic closure.

The electromagnets 1 are connected to the rack 10, their positions in the vertical plane are regulated by translational kinematic pairs 5.

The springs 4 are connected to the rack 10 by rotational kinematic pairs 11 on the right side of the separator (at the end), and on the left side (at the beginning) with it, into translational kinematic pairs 5.

The pitched board 7 and the bottom 8 also at their right ends with a stand 10 form rotational kinematic pairs 11.

The oscillations of the tiers of the sieves 2 and 3 are regulated by electromagnets 1. The brush pressure on the sieves is provided by the angle of inclination of the sieve cleaning mechanism.

The slope angles of the ramp board 7 and the bottom 8 are selected so that the grain flows by gravity down; thus, no energy costs are required to move it. Harmful vibrations of the proposed separator are eliminated by reducing the magnitude of the moving masses and damping residual. As shown by preliminary tests, as a result, it became possible to eliminate the occurrence of vibrational diseases of the operator, increase the service life and reliability of the unit, improve the quality of the material being cleaned, and increase productivity.

Claims (1)

Bulk material separator containing a frame - a rack, a bottom, a sloping board, upper and lower tiers of sieves, a sieve cleaning mechanism, a lateral vibration mechanism in the horizontal plane, latches, characterized in that the upper and lower tiers of the sieves are connected to the rack through springs forming rotational and translational kinematic pairs, the positions of the last of them are fixed to regulate the tilt angles of the tiers of the sieves, the electromagnets providing oscillatory The motion tiers sieves sloped bottom board and also in the form of one of its ends with a rack rotational kinematic pairs, and in others - translational, fixed in different positions.

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