RU2416508C1 - Impact mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to repair and rescue operations. Air-driven impact mechanism comprises hollow casing with compressed air feed opening, barrel accommodating hammer and compressed air release opening. Membrane is arranged on the casing, at barrel inlet. Casing inner space accommodates radiator with heating element.

EFFECT: destruction of hard rocks in congested conditions and in places inaccessible for standard tools.

6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to techniques for the production of repair and recovery and rescue operations. When carrying out these works, there is a need to remotely eliminate obstructions formed by solid rocks, concrete plugs in channels, pipes, crevices, breaking concrete or brick walls in places inaccessible to regular tools (jack hammers, etc.).

Known "Pneumatic single-impact hammer", and.with. USSR No. 1027026, IPC5 B25D 9/04, publ. 07/07/83, Bull. No. 25, comprising a housing with exhaust openings and a handle with a channel for supplying compressed air, mounted therein with the possibility of axial movement, and a sleeve (barrel) sealed relative to the housing, a piston-hammer and a working tip placed therein. The sleeve is made with external sealing cylindrical flanges at the front and rear ends. The housing is made with an outlet valve seat at the front end and along the entire length of the sleeve forms a cavity between its outer flanges, communicating with its sub-piston cavity and a channel for supplying compressed air. The disadvantages of this mechanism is the low kinetic energy of the accelerated piston-drummer and the inability to remotely control it.

Known "Pneumatic shock mechanism", and.with. USSR No. 875014, IPC3 E21C 3/20, publ. 10/23/81, Bull. No. 39 (selected as a prototype), comprising a hollow body, a barrel, a spring-loaded elastic diaphragm with a hole, a body cover with a pipe having a hole closed by a spring-loaded ball valve, a transport base. A spring-loaded piston-striker is placed in the barrel and a hole is made for bleeding compressed air. The mechanism has a handle on which the housing is fixed and in which a cavity is formed to accumulate an additional supply of compressed air, the handle being resiliently fixed on a hinge to the transport base. The disadvantages of this mechanism include the bulkiness of its design and the inability to remotely control it.

The technical problem to be solved is the creation of a percussion mechanism for the destruction of obstruction from solid rocks, concrete, brick, etc. in cramped conditions and places inaccessible to the standard tool (jackhammers).

The expected technical result is the realization of high kinetic energy of the accelerated striker with a relatively small size of the instrument and the possibility of remote control of its operation.

The technical result is achieved by creating a percussion mechanism containing a hollow sealed housing with a hole for supplying compressed air, a barrel with a hammer placed therein and a hole for bleeding compressed air, a membrane fixed in the housing at the entrance to the barrel. In contrast to the prototype in the inventive device in the cavity of the housing is additionally installed radiator with a heating element.

In the case behind the membrane with the possibility of moving along the barrel, a forced opening of the membrane unit can be installed, made in the form of a cup of heat-conducting material and a piston located in it, forming a sealed cavity filled with a working fluid with a high coefficient of volume expansion.

An annular groove may be made on the membrane.

An additional radiator can be installed in the body cavity around the forced opening of the membrane.

The barrel can be made telescopic, and a damper is placed between its links.

At the exit of the barrel can be fixed limiter movement of the striker and damper.

The installation of a radiator with a heating element in the cavity of the casing makes it possible to increase the pressure of the compressed air accumulated in it and thereby increase the kinetic energy of the accelerated projectile.

Providing the shock mechanism with a forced membrane opening unit allows the use of a membrane whose opening pressure is significantly higher than the pressure of compressed air in the body cavity, which eliminates unauthorized opening of the membrane when filling the body cavity with compressed air, as well as remote control of the shock mechanism.

The location of the forced opening of the membrane in the housing behind the membrane with the possibility of moving it along the barrel allows compressed air after opening the membrane to enter the cavity of the barrel to disperse the hammer.

The implementation of the node for forced opening of the membrane in the form of a cup of heat-conducting material and a piston located in it, forming an airtight cavity filled with a working fluid with a high coefficient of volume expansion, allows heat from heated compressed air in the body cavity to flow through the walls of the cup into the working fluid, which, expanding inside a closed volume, it realizes a pressure significantly higher than the pressure in the body cavity, and through the piston acts on the membrane, opening it.

The execution of the annular groove on the membrane, which is a stress concentrator, increases the reliability of the shock mechanism, ensures uniform opening of the membrane around the circumference (ring groove) of a given diameter, the passage through it of the forced opening of the membrane and, thereby, the flow of compressed air into the barrel cavity to accelerate the striker .

Installing an additional radiator in the body cavity around the forced opening of the membrane increases the rate of heat from the heated compressed air to the working fluid, thereby reducing the time required for the mechanism to operate.

When the barrel is telescopic, it can be pressed against the surface of destructible obstruction when the entire mechanism is rolled back to the side, and the placement of dampers between the links of the telescopic barrel provides braking of the diverging links without damaging them.

The fastening of the limiter of the movement of the striker at the exit of the barrel provides braking of the latter in the barrel after interacting with destructible obstruction, and the presence of a damper ensures the preservation of the integrity of the structure.

The design and principle of operation of the proposed impact mechanism are illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows the appearance of the shock mechanism; figure 2 - node forced opening of the membrane; figure 3 - additional radiator node forced opening of the membrane; figure 4 - telescopic barrel and damper; figure 5 - limiter movement of the striker and damper.

The percussion mechanism (Fig. 1) consists of a hollow sealed housing 1 with an opening 2 for supplying compressed air, a barrel 3 with a drummer 4 located therein and an opening 5 for bleeding compressed air, a membrane 6 fixed in the housing 1 at the entrance to the barrel 3, radiator 7 with a heating element (for example, electric heating) 8 installed in the cavity of the housing 1.

The percussion mechanism may be equipped with a forced opening unit of the membrane 9 (Fig. 2) located in the housing 1 behind the membrane 6 with the possibility of movement along the barrel 3 and made in the form of a cup 10 of heat-conducting material and a piston 11 located therein, forming a sealed cavity filled working fluid 12 with a high coefficient of volume expansion.

An annular groove 13 (FIG. 2) can be made on the membrane 6.

In the cavity of the housing 1 around the site of the forced opening of the membrane 9 can be installed an additional radiator 14 (Fig.2, 3).

The barrel 3 can be made telescopic, and between its links 15 and 16 there is a damper 17 (figure 4).

At the output of the barrel 3 can be fixed limiter 18 movement of the hammer 4 and the damper 19 (figure 5).

The shock mechanism operates as follows.

The cavity of the housing 1 through the hole 2 is filled with compressed air (for example, from a gas cylinder), after which the hole is closed (for example, using the valve 20). Next, the shock mechanism is introduced into the obstruction zone using the delivery means (cable, rod, etc.) so that the front end of the barrel is on its surface (Fig. 1). They include an electric heating element 8 connected to an external power source, the heat from which is transferred to the radiator 7, which has a large outer surface, from which heat is in turn transferred to the compressed air accumulated in the cavity of the housing 1, thereby further increasing the pressure in it. When a certain pressure is reached, the membrane 6 is opened. Compressed air entering the cavity of the barrel 3 accelerates the hammer 4. After moving the hammer 4 to its extreme forward position, the compressed air is vented through the hole 5 in the barrel 3.

In order to ensure the safety of work, it is necessary to use a high-strength membrane 6, the opening pressure of which is much higher than the pressure of the air pumped into the cavity of the housing 1. To open the high-strength membrane 6, it is possible to install a forced opening of the membrane 9. after the heating element 8 and heating in the cavity of the compressed air housing, heat is transferred from it through the bottom of the cup 10 or the surface of the additional radiator 14 to the working fluid 12. Expanding the inside of the seal ary cavity formed by the bottom of cup 10 and the cavity of the piston 11, the working fluid 12 through the piston 11 presses the membrane 6 and at a set pressure opens it in place annular location groove 13. The compressed air enters the cavity 3 of the barrel and propels the firing pin 4.

Due to the fact that the barrel 3 can be made telescopic, when the entire mechanism is rolled back to the side opposite to the movement of the striker 4, the front end of the barrel link 16 remains pressed to the obstruction surface all the time. The damper 17, located between the links 15 and 16 of the barrel, absorbs the impact of the diverging links. The dispersed drummer 4 hits the obstruction, destroying it.

If the hammer 4 does not stop, its kinetic energy is extinguished by the damper 19 located in the barrel and the limiter of the movement of the hammer 18.

Thus, the proposed striking mechanism, due to the high kinetic energy of the striker with relatively small dimensions of the tool and the possibility of remote control of its operation, will allow to destroy obstruction from solid rocks, concrete, brick, etc. in cramped conditions.

Claims (6)

1. A pneumatic percussion mechanism comprising a hollow sealed housing with a hole for supplying compressed air, a barrel with a hammer placed therein and a hole for bleeding compressed air, a membrane fixed in the housing at the barrel inlet, characterized in that it further comprises a sealed chamber body radiator with heating element. 2. The percussion mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a compulsory opening unit located in the housing behind the membrane with the possibility of movement along the barrel, made in the form of a cup of heat-conducting material and a piston located in it, forming a sealed cavity filled with a working fluid with a high coefficient of volume expansion. 3. The impact mechanism according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that an annular groove is made on the membrane. 4. The percussion mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that an additional radiator is installed in the body cavity around the forced opening of the membrane. 5. The shock mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel is made telescopic and a damper is placed between its links. 6. The percussion mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the limiter of movement of the striker and damper are fixed at the output of the barrel.

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