RU2415395C1 - Test bench for fatigue strength of above-spring beams of freight-car trucks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: test bench for fatigue strength of above-spring beams of freight-car trucks includes at least one support rigidly fixed on the base, and loading device. In addition, bench includes circular rollers for installation on them of above-spring beams, shaped gaskets, one or two pneumatic pulsators. Circular rollers are fixed on the support. Shaped gaskets are intended to be arranged between tested above-spring beam and circular rollers. Loading device is made in the form of car frame equipped with fixtures for installation at least of one measuring load and centre plates to arrange on centre pads of tested above-spring beams. Pneumatic pulsator is installed on the base so that it can act on centre bearer of the car frame and is connected to the main compressed air line. Test bench can contain two pairs of supports. Centre plates of the car frame of loading device can be replaceable or can have the possibility of changing their sizes. Car frame of loading device can have body to arrange the measuring load in it.

EFFECT: simplifying the bench design and improving the test processability and accuracy of obtained results.

6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to railway transport, and in particular to devices for determining the strength characteristics of nodes and parts of the chassis of railway rolling stock, in particular the thrust zone and sideways of the sprung beam of a freight wagon truck.

A well-known test bench for fatigue strength of rolling stock elements (Autosvid. USSR No. 410280, 01/05/1974, G01M 17/00), containing a base with U-shaped supports and vertical, located between the supports, and horizontal power cylinders connected to the base in order to simulate lateral vibrations (transshipment) of the wagon body relative to the trolley’s overpressure beam, a support frame that is mounted on the rod of a vertical cylinder with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane and pivotally connected to horizontal cylinders at points located below the attachment point of the frame.

The disadvantages of this stand are:

- the presence of spring sets, deformation of which under compression virtually eliminates the implementation of lateral vibrations (transshipment) of the wagon body relative to the overpressor beam of the trolley, which reduces the reliability of the results;

- the presence of several power cylinders for setting a constant vertical load and alternating power load on the edges of the movable frame, causing it to oscillate relative to the longitudinal axis of the car;

- large dimensions of the stand, as well as a large number of structural elements (bases with a transverse beam, four vertical columns, etc.), experiencing large static and dynamic test loads, which negatively affects the strength of the stand.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed solution is a test bench for fatigue resistance nadressornoj beams of trucks of freight cars (Autosvid. USSR No. 868420 A1, 09/30/1981, G01M 17/00), including supports, rigidly fixed to the base, and loading device. The supports are made in the form of two fixed U-shaped racks interacting with the ends of the nadressornoj beam, and one central support to maintain the thrust area of the nadressornoj beam. The loading device is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder mounted on the top of one of the racks, and a spring kit mounted on the top of another rack.

The disadvantages of this stand are:

- there is no possibility of loading the siders of the nadressorno beam, with a different design, which reduces the reliability of the results;

- the presence of a hydraulic cylinder that can only work with a certain frequency;

- the presence of springs, which often fail.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to simplify the design of the stand, as well as improving the manufacturability of the test process and the reliability of the results.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the test bench for fatigue resistance nadresornoj beams of trucks of freight cars, including at least one support, rigidly mounted on the base, and a loading device, further comprises cylindrical rollers for installing on them the nadresornoj beams fixed on appropriate support, shaped gaskets for placement between the tested nadressornoj beam and cylindrical rollers, and an air pulsator mounted on the base and connected to the ma with a compressed air line, while the loading device is made in the form of a car frame, equipped with fasteners for installing at least one measured load and pads for placement on the thrust bearings of the tested pressure beams, and the air pulsator is made with the possibility of acting on the pivot beam of the car frame.

The stand may contain two pairs of supports. Fridays of the frame of the car loading device can be made removable or with the possibility of changing their size for installation on the corresponding thrust bearings of the tested nadresornye beams. The frame of the car loading device can be made with the body to accommodate the measured load. The stand may contain an additional pneumopulsator.

The presence in the claimed stand of a minimum number of structural elements allows us to simplify its design and the testing process. The inclusion of cylindrical rollers in the stand for installation of nadressor beams on them, shaped gaskets for placement between the tested nadressornoj beam and cylindrical rollers, as well as the implementation of the loading device in the form of a carriage frame, equipped with fasteners for installing at least one measured load and fences for placement on the thrust bearings of the tested nadressornoj beams, allows you to load installed on her side bearings of any design, which increases the reliability of test results.

The presence of a pneumopulsator in the stand, connected to the main line with compressed air and made with the possibility of acting on the pivot beam of the frame of the carriage of the loading device, allows testing in resonance mode, thereby saving energy consumption and maximally approximating the testing process to natural operating conditions.

The claimed stand can be used to test one (separately) or two nadressornochny beams at the same time with loads arising from transshipment of the body when the car moves.

Figure 1 shows the installation of nadressornochny beams using four supports.

Figure 2 schematically shows a variant of the loading device of the stand, made in the form of a frame of a car with a body.

The test bench for fatigue resistance of the nadresornoj beams of freight carriages bogies includes one or more supports 1 and a loading device made in the form of a carriage frame, for example, with a body 2, cylindrical rollers 3 for installing on them nadresornoj beams 4, one or two pneumopulsator 5, connected to the compressed air line, for example, by means of a hose 6. The cylindrical rollers 3 are mounted on one support 1 or on each of them (if there are several supports 1). Each cylindrical roller 3 is fixed using the existing recess in the upper part of the support 1 (placed in a trough of a cylindrical shape). The stand is also equipped with shaped gaskets 7, each of which is installed between the cylindrical roller 3 and the nadressor beam 4. The frame of the car of the loading device is equipped with fasteners (not shown in the drawings) for installing at least one measured load 8 and Fridays 9 for placement in thrust bearings 10 nadressornoj beams 4.

The stand may contain a different number of supports 1. For example, one monolithic support 1, or one pair of supports 1, or two pairs of supports 1 can be used in the design of the stand. Figure 1 shows the last option using four supports 1. Support or supports 1 set on the base 11 and rigidly fixed on it.

The air pulsator 5 is installed on the base 11 and rigidly fixed on it so that it abuts against the pivot beam 12 of the frame of the car loading device. The air pulsator 5 is installed with the possibility of acting on the pivot beam 12 of the carriage frame of the loading device to simulate the forces acting on the thrust bearing area and the side 13 of the nadressornoj beam 4 of the rolling stock carriage and occurring during transshipment of the carriage frame while the train is moving.

The air pulsator 5 can be made in the form of a brake cylinder with holes in its body, designed to relieve pressure in the cylinder after the stroke of the cylinder rod. The cylinder using a hose 6 is connected to the air line with compressed air.

The nadressor beams 4 and the supports 1 of the stand are set so that the distance l between the axes of the thrust bearings 10 of the nadressor beams 4 corresponds to the base of the frame of the car (the distance between the axes of the Fridays 9) used as a loading device.

The frame of the wagon of the loading device can be made with a body 2, which is designed for convenient and safe placement and securing (with the help of fastenings) of a measured load 8 inside it, the mass of which is taken depending on the axial load of the trolley of the tested overpressure beam 4. It is possible to adjust the weight of the load by installing additional measured loads 8 or removing them, depending on the necessary static and dynamic loads, according to the test program.

As the measured load 8 can be used steel or reinforced concrete blocks. Fastenings for fixing the measured load 8 can be performed, for example, in the form of rods (ropes, chains, etc.) or special devices.

While testing two nadressorny beams 4 can be used one load 8, distributed over the entire area of the frame of the car loading device, or two weights 8 (as in figure 2), installed above each tested nadressornoj beam 4. If necessary, test only one nadresornoj beam 4 dimensional load 8 is installed on the end of the frame, which is located above the test nadresornoy beam 4.

To force the stresses in the thrust zone of the nadressornoj beam 4, the stand may contain a steel gasket with elements for fixing it on the thrust zone of the nadressornoj beam (see Auth. Certificate. No. 1147946 A1, 03/30/1985, G01M 17/00).

Shaped gaskets 7 are provided with openings for bonnets of nadressorny beams 4 and can be made of steel.

The execution of the Fridays 9, which equip the frame 2 of the car body, may be different. The sizes of the friars 9 (diameter, height) are selected depending on the size of the thrust bearings 10 of the tested nadressorny beams 4 carts, depending on their axial load. Fridays 9 may be removable. In this case, a Friday 9 of one size can be mounted and replaced completely with a new Friday of a different size (suitable for the test foot 10), and can be partially replaced, for example, by removing or adding a part of it (for example, a ring with a certain external radius).

For the stable operation of the test bench and the safety of testing, pivots (not shown in the drawings) are installed in the test nadressor beams 4, which facilitate the installation of the frame 2 on the nadressor beams 4.

To simplify and automate the testing process, the test bench is equipped with a cycle counter, recording equipment, which also allows monitoring the constancy of the loading regime, and video cameras (not shown in the drawings), which make it possible to observe the loading process, the appearance and development of cracks in the tested pressure beams.

The test bench for fatigue resistance of the nadressor beams of freight carriage bogies works as follows (shown on the example of using the option with four supports and the frame of the carriage with the body as a loading device).

When preparing the stand for work, the tested nadressornoj beam 4 through the gaskets 7 is mounted on cylindrical rollers 3 located in the upper part of the supports 1. Then, pivots are inserted into the thrust bearings 10.

Further, the loading device is mounted on the heels 9 of the frame of the car with the body 2 on the thrust bearings 10 of the sprung beams 4. Inside the body 2, one or two measured loads 8 of a given mass are placed and fixed. An air pulsator 5 is installed to the pivot beam 12 of the frame of the car with a body 2, which is fixedly mounted on the base 11 and connected via a hose 6 to the air line with a pressure of 5-8 atm.

After that, pressure is supplied to the brake cylinder of the air pulsator 5, thereby starting the stand. The work of the stand is carried out cyclically in resonance mode. When applying pressure, the cylinder rod raises the pivot beam 12, blocking the body 2 of the frame of the car loading device relative to its longitudinal axis. When the piston reaches the holes made in the housing of the brake cylinder of the air pulsator 5, pressure is released through the holes and the body 2 returns to its original position. The test process is carried out in accordance with a given test program and can reach 10 million cycles.

The test results of the sprung beams 4 is the number of cycles of loading until cracks and / or until complete destruction. The obtained test results are subject to further statistical processing, performed in accordance with the standard methodology, to obtain the fatigue curve of the tested design of the pressure beam 4.

Thus, the proposed stand, while simplifying its design, allows testing of two nadressor beams simultaneously, loading not only the thrust bearings, but also the bearings, requires a minimum power consumption, brings the test process closer to natural operating conditions, thereby increasing the manufacturability of the whole process and the reliability of the results obtained.

Claims (6)

1. A test bench for fatigue resistance of the nadresornoj beams of freight carriages, comprising at least one support rigidly fixed to the base, and a loading device, characterized in that it further comprises cylindrical rollers for mounting on them nadresornoj beams fixed on the support , shaped gaskets for placement between the tested nadressornoj beam and cylindrical rollers and pneumopulsator mounted on the base and connected to the main with compressed air, while loading its device is a car frame, provided with attachments for installing at least one load and dimensional Pyatnikov for placement on the thrust bearing test bolsters and pnevmopulsator mounted to the bolster impact on the car frame. 2. The stand according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two pairs of supports. 3. The stand according to claim 1, characterized in that the Fridays of the frame of the car loading device made removable. 4. The stand according to claim 1, characterized in that the fridays of the frame of the car loading device are made with the possibility of changing their sizes for installation on the corresponding thrust bearings of the spring beams. 5. The stand according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the car loading device is made with the body to accommodate the measured load. 6. The stand according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an additional pneumopulsator.

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