RU2414934C1 - Method for optimising functional recovery processes in hockey players with using heliox - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to physiology and sports medicine. A method consists in the fact that 50% heliox is prepared by heating to 75°C. During trainings and training and competitions, over the game, after each match, a hockey player for 1-2 minutes inhales the prepared heliox by the Inhalite-B apparatus.

EFFECT: method allows higher compensatory body resources of the hockey players due to reduced respiratory muscle activity and optimised inspiratory centre activity ensured by heliox introduction in a certain regimen.

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Description

The invention relates to medicine, physiology and sports medicine and can be used to accelerate the recovery processes of athletes in the acute period (urgent recovery), to increase the reserve capabilities of the body and physical performance, as well as to intensify the educational process.

The discovery of inert gases (He, Ar, Kr, Ks) predetermined the development of many modern industries: nuclear energy, astronautics, aviation and electronics. In the XX century, the first steps were taken to use inert gases in medicine. Scientists, in tandem with doctors, were able to find out that depending on the physicochemical properties of oxygen in combination with inert gases, as well as methods of their application, it is possible to purposefully affect various levels of regulation of vital body functions, including stimulating recovery processes in athletes.

There is a method of increasing the compensatory capabilities of the body (USSR author's certificate No. 950406, PMK АВВ 5/00) by inhaling a gas mixture containing 10-15% oxygen and 85-90% nitrogen. Moreover, the concentration of O ₂ within 5-40 days is reduced to 10%, and the exposure time is increased to 30-120 minutes.

The disadvantage of this method is that a number of athletes have adverse side effects (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headaches). These phenomena were caused by hyperventilation, which is present upon inhalation of a hypoxic gas mixture and leading to the development of respiratory alkalosis.

In addition, this method is not highly effective in increasing the reserve capabilities of the body and physical performance due to the duration of the procedures (up to 40 days). The reason is a violation of the basic principles of the training process, namely:

- procedures are prescribed without taking into account the initial individual sensitivity to hypoxia;

- training in a hypoxic gas environment is carried out once a day, which cannot ensure the achievement of a high effect without fixing the parameters of the achieved level of resistance of functional systems to hypoxia. In view of these shortcomings, helium is of particular interest. Its physical properties form, when breathing, physiological effects different from air.

For the first time, he theoretically substantiated the therapeutic effect of helium and practically proved its effectiveness by the American physician A. Barach (Barach A.L., 1934). He conducted the first experiments with a warm oxygen-helium mixture, but did not describe the comparative results of its use. As a result, all subsequent years, until the mid-90s, all researchers - doctors used helium mixtures with normal temperature for medical purposes, which is why the results of their use were not always unambiguous.

For the first time, they scientifically substantiated the use of heated oxygen-helium mixtures (CGS) brought to temperatures of 70-90 ° C <SPAN style = "mso-char-type: symbol; mso- symbol-font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii- font- family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman »> С, significantly exceeding the thermoneutral range, employees of the Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBMP). To date, not only has the scientifically substantiated high efficiency of the use of heated HSC, but also developed technical means for the use of these mixtures for medical purposes (Pavlov B.N. 1995).

It is theoretically shown and experimentally confirmed that oxygen-helium mixtures, due to the unique physical properties of helium (low density, high penetrating ability), improve gas exchange, normalize the blood gas composition and acid-base balance, reduce the work of the respiratory muscles and optimize the activity of the respiratory center.

The thermal effect of the mixture, heated to a temperature of 75-90 ° C, leads to the excitation of thermoreceptors, followed by reflex relaxation of the smooth muscles of the bronchi, and an improvement in the blood supply to the lungs. Such a combined action makes it possible to apply fundamentally new methods of treating patients with infectious diseases of the lungs, bronchial asthma, and chronic obstructive bronchitis.

The method of using the heated oxygen-helium mixture for the treatment of acute inflammatory and bronchial obstructive pulmonary diseases (RF patent No. 2232013, PMK АВВ 5/00) has been confirmed by clinical practice in a number of leading clinics in Russia: Research Institute of Pulmonology. Military Medical Academy (St. Petersburg), Research Institute of Extreme Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

The last decade was marked by the active introduction of drug-free drugs and ways to increase the physical performance and endurance of athletes. One of these methods is normobaric hypoxic training, which uses a new direction developed in diving and space medicine - increasing the body's reserve capacity by inhaling artificial gas mixtures with a low oxygen content.

The effectiveness in those sports that are associated with the manifestation of endurance directly depends on the condition that occurs when the tissues of the body are not adequately supplied with oxygen and, accordingly, the efficiency of the processes of adaptation to this condition.

The problem of hypoxia is primarily faced by athletes of the so-called cyclic sports, performing at medium, long and extra-long distances. Representatives of such sports as hockey, figure skating, rhythmic gymnastics, etc. also experience the negative effects of oxygen deficiency. During training and competitive processes, mainly at the end of halves, periods and matches, athletes make annoying and, at first glance, incomprehensible mistakes. However, these errors are explained by the state of oxygen starvation of working muscles and inhibition of the central nervous system of players. Therefore, the quick recovery of athletes in high-performance sports is a very urgent problem.

Work in this direction has been ongoing for many years. Back in the middle of the last century, it was noticed that athletes living in the mountains show better results than athletes living and training in conditions of normal atmospheric pressure. This determined the direction of scientific research related to the effect of hypoxia on the performance of athletes.

To date, several hypoxic training options have been scientifically substantiated and put into practice: for high-altitude conditions and for normal atmospheric pressure conditions.

Training in alpine conditions is most often carried out at an altitude of 2000-2700 meters above sea level for 2-3 weeks. This method is effective, but not suitable for quick recovery during the competitive process. In addition, after training in the highlands and then returning to sea level, the athlete needs a certain period (usually 7 days) to adapt and reach the level of high results.

There is a methodology that makes it possible to carry out hypoxic training using a pressure chamber, which allows you to create a vacuum corresponding to a certain height above sea level, with a cyclic repetition of "rises".

In 2004, this technique was improved by the employees of the OksiMed health-improving center (St. Petersburg), protected by a patent of the Russian Federation, approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, was tested at the Military Medical Academy and at the State Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, showed high efficiency of the combined use of sports and hypoxic training to increase the physical performance of athletes.

Subsequently, hypoxic training began to be widely used in the training activities of athletes in the UK, Sweden, Australia, Germany, and the USA. In Russia, athletes of Metallurg HC, VK Lokomotiv-Belogorye, etc., trained according to this technique.

This method of hypoxic training is effective, but also not suitable for the quick recovery of athletes' performance, since it requires a 15-day training course against the background of sports loads and the presence of an expensive pressure chamber.

Therefore, to quickly restore athletes and increase their performance, scientists recommend using oxygen-helium mixtures supplied by special inhalers.

Increased partial oxygen pressure to increase the athletes' performance has been used before. So, during the 1980 Olympics in Moscow, some teams of the USSR team used the oxygen barotherapy method for these purposes using the PDK-2 pressure chamber, placed on a car trailer. The method involved breathing 100% oxygen under increased pressure up to 2.5 MPa and allowed to achieve tangible results.

In sports medicine, the pronounced positive effect of oxygen-helium mixtures is manifested in the phase of a rapid exponential decrease in oxygen consumption associated with oxidative resynthesis of macroergs decayed during work, and hypercapnia observed in the first minutes of rest after exercise.

The use of hypoxic (with a reduced oxygen content) oxygen-helium mixtures sharply increases the positive effects of the previously mentioned hypoxic training. Such mixtures can also become fundamental in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory processes in the respiratory system of winter sports athletes.

Currently, the Inhalit-V apparatus for thermo-helium-oxygen therapy has been developed and created at SKB EO at the SSC RFIMBP RAS. This apparatus is used in this invention.

The essence of the method of optimizing the processes of restoring the functional state of athletes using oxygen-helium mixtures is based on breathing a pre-prepared heated gas mixture supplied by the Inhalit apparatus from a special balloon. The recovery effect of this technique is based on the time of use (immediately after each hockey player’s exit onto the ice), the concentration of the prepared CGS, the temperature and the special properties of helium, which has:

- extremely high penetrating ability (density is almost 7 times lower than that of nitrogen - the main oxygen diluent gas in the air);

- heat capacity (5.8 times higher than that of nitrogen);

- low solubility in fats and water (4.5 times less than that of nitrogen);

- contributes to the rapid elimination (removal) of toxic substances from the body.

The listed properties of helium form during breathing the physiological effects of oxygen-helium mixtures that are different from air.

Helium does not enter a chemical reaction with the body and provides an increase in the volumetric velocity of the gas mixture. Moreover, the respiratory oxygen-helium mixture:

- normalizes the gas composition of the blood and acid-base balance;

- improves the work of the respiratory muscles;

- optimizes the activity of the respiratory center;

- improves the diffusion of oxygen through the alveolo-capillary membrane;

- reduces breathing resistance due to the lower density of helium;

- relaxes smooth muscles;

- reduces the load on the respiratory muscles.

In this case, a powerful thermal and heat-reflex effect on the body occurs.

Heated oxygen-helium mixture:

- evenly warms the parenchyma of the organs of the chest cavity;

- in a comfortable temperature range for air, it effectively reduces body temperature, including for inflammatory diseases. The listed properties of heated KGS allow it to be effectively used in training and competitive processes to achieve the fastest recovery of athletes.

Closest to the invention is the method described in the patent for invention RU 2067440, IPC A61G 10/02. The authors of this method suggest increasing the physical performance of athletes by combining regulated breathing exercises with the inhalation of a hypoxic-hypercapnic gas mixture (supplied by an inhaler) at an initial concentration of CO _{2 of} 3%, O _{2 of} 12%. This gas mixture is the most physiological, because its composition is almost similar to the human alveolar air. The inclusion of carbon dioxide in its composition excludes the development of respiratory alkalosis.

However, this method also has several disadvantages. Among them - the duration of the procedures (the duration of the first procedure is at least 30 minutes, and subsequently it increases to 120 minutes), the mandatory performance of regulated breathing exercises at least three times a day.

The combination of these shortcomings leads to the fact that this method cannot be used to quickly restore athletes directly during training and competition processes.

The essence of the proposed use of the invention is illustrated by the following example.

The study involved twenty athletes of the hockey team HC “Diesel” (Penza) aged 18 to 24 years, previously divided into two groups: A (control) and B (main).

The time of the study is the pre-competition period. Before the study, the athletes of both groups were tested using the complex of techniques described in the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2293512 of 02.20.07. The level of professional performance of athletes was determined by a set of indicators. In athletes at rest, heart rate (heart rate) was measured, the coefficient of CSFM (critical fusion rate of light flickers) was determined by the standard method, the retention time of the static load of submaximal power (GDM indicator) was measured, the time of a simple sensorimotor reaction to a light stimulus was recorded (LPSSR indicator ), then a standard five-minute step test was carried out with the determination of heart rate for the first 30 seconds of the second, third and fourth minutes of the recovery period and was calculated ICT indicator, two minutes after the end of the step test, a Gencha test was performed with a change in the time of breath holding on exhalation (GHG indicator).

Based on the test results, the integral indicator of the athlete’s health level was calculated using the formula:

Pc = 0.191PG + 0.295IST + 0.202GDM + 0.155KChSM-0.002ChSS-0.155LPSSR

Then, eight B athletes breathed a 50% oxygen-helium mixture pre-cooked and heated to 75 ° C, fed using the Inhalit apparatus (IBMP, Moscow). Inhalation was carried out during training in the process of bilateral games.

Hockey players inhaled 50% of the CGS for 1-2 minutes immediately after the completion of each “shift” (exit to the ice) throughout the game.

After inhalation was completed, athletes noted an emotional upsurge, a feeling of lightness and comfort. All eight athletes reported a reduction in recovery time after the shift.

After completion of the study, i.e. after 14 days of playing, training and recovery activities, these same athletes were again tested using the method described above.

The results of two surveys of hockey players of the main and control groups are presented in tables 1 and 2.

Table 1 The studied indicators (the method of "Well-being, activity, mood") before and after the course of exposure to heated 50% CGS (n + m) Indicator Group A (n = 12), control Group B (n = 8), the main The initial state After 14 days The initial state After 14 days C, points 50.5 ± 1.6 ** 50.0 ± 1.6 50.8 ± 1.9 54, 8 ± 2.0 * Ah, points 47.7 ± 2.5 49.2 ± 3.0 48.4 ± 2.6 49.0 ± 2.8 N, points 59.1 ± 2.0 57.8 ± 1.9 57.8 ± 2.0 60.2 ± 2.1 * - significance of differences between indicators in the main group, at p <0.05
** - significance of differences between the indices of the main and control groups, at p <0.05.

Subjects of group B (see Table 1), after a breathing course preheated to 75 ° C, 50% of the CGS during training and games, were characterized by higher values of indicator C (well-being) than subjects of group A (54.8 ± 2, 0 and 50.0 ± 1.6, respectively).

The indicator C in this survey was significantly higher than in the first survey (54.8 ± 2.0 and 50.8 ± 1.9, respectively).

Thus, the data presented indicate an improvement in health (according to the SAN methodology) of hockey players of the main group who used to accelerate the process of restoring the functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during training and competition after each exit to the ice inhalation heated to 75 ° With 50% CGS.

table 2 The studied parameters before and after the course exposure to a heated 50% CGS (n + m) Indicators Group A (n = 12), control Group B (n = 8), the main The initial state After 14 days The initial state After the course PG, s. 34.7 ± 2.9 26.1 ± 3.0 * 33.2 ± 2.9 27.2 ± 3.0 PS, s. 78.8 ± 4.0 70.7 ± 4.0 * 78.1 ± 6.0 90.1 ± 5.9 *** Heart rate, bpm 67.1 ± 2.9 68.0 ± 2.9 65.4 ± 3.2 65.6 ± 3.2 LPSSR, ms. 214 ± 5.0 209 ± 7.0 209 + 9.0 209 ± 8.0 KCHSM, gu. 35.5 ± 0.4 34.0 ± 0.4 * 35.5 ± 0.5 35.5 ± 0.5 ** GDM, s. 36.8 ± 6.1 33.8 ± 6.2 38.0 ± 3.0 36.0 ± 3.1 IST, cu 124.3 ± 3.9 118.0 ± 4.2 126, 2 ± 8.0 128.8 ± 6.0 ** Rs, cu 52.8 ± 2.6 48.5 ± 2.5 53.4 ± 5.1 52.7 ± 4.6 * - significance of differences between indicators in the main group, at p <0.05
** - significance of differences between the indices of the main and control groups, at p <0.05.

When analyzing the results of a survey of hockey players (see Table 2) using a set of indicators and an integrated indicator of the athlete’s performance, Рc, an increase in the Stange test index in the subjects of the main group from 78.1 ± 6.0 to 90.1 ± 5.9 attracts attention after two weeks of training. Over the same time interval, the PS indicator among hockey players of the control group significantly decreased. The PS index for the players of the same team performing the same training work was 70.7 ± 4.0 in the control and 90.1 ± 5.9 in the main group during the second examination.

The positive effect of inhalation at 50% CGS heated to 75 ° C was manifested in the multidirectional changes in the parameters PS, CFSM, IST in groups A and B during training exposure.

The Gancha test index, which reflects the time of holding the breath on the exhale, after working at submaximal power, decreased in the subjects of the control group from 34.7 ± 2.9 to 26.1 ± 3.0. For the same time interval, significant changes in the GHG indicator in the main group did not occur. The ICT indicator, which characterizes the recovery processes after submaximal power and reflects the state of the cardiovascular system, was 128.8 ± 6.0 in group B and 118.0 ± 4.2 in group A. Thus, he reflected a significant difference between hockey players after training -recovery mode in some and only training mode in others.

The integral indicator of the athlete’s working level did not reveal significant differences in groups A and B. However, the survey data of hockey players in the control group indicate a clear tendency to decrease in Pc, while the integral indicator of hockey players in the main group remained almost unchanged.

Thus, the data presented indicate the positive effect of 1-2 minute inhalations of 50% CGS heated to 75 ° C, carried out immediately after the return of hockey players from the ice during training and competition for two weeks on the psychoemotional sphere of the subjects and the state of their cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The use of this method for regenerative purposes also helps to improve the reserve capacity of the body and increase the amount of training effects of both aerobic and anaerobic focus. The data obtained during the study allow us to conclude that the inclusion of 50% CGS heated to 75 ° C into the training and competitive processes of inhalation to achieve rapid recovery of athletes.

The technical result of the method consists in increasing the compensatory abilities of the hockey players' organism by reducing the work of the respiratory muscles and optimizing the activity of the respiratory center due to the introduction of oxygen-helium mixture in a certain mode.

Claims (1)

A way to increase the compensatory capabilities of the body of hockey players, characterized in that, throughout the game, during training and competition, after each exit on the ice, the hockey player inhales a pre-prepared 50% oxygen-helium mixture heated to 75 ° C for 1-2 minutes , from the apparatus "Ingalit-B".