RU2413091C2 - Horizontal vane hydroelectric power station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry. ^ SUBSTANCE: horizontal vane hydroelectric power station of underwater deployment includes vanes composing a unit at least of five vanes and current generator. Vanes are located in horizontal plane, their shape is neutral to the medium flow and they are equipped with assemblies with movable rigid or elastic vanes arranged on lower and upper surfaces of vane, which at impact of incoming flow of the medium are made so that they open in operating position, thus creating moment of force, or close when the vane enters the shadow zone of the flow. Units of vanes are installed so that they rotate to opposite sides through one unit and are arranged in tiers on support vertical axial pin or units of vanes are arranged apart from the main for example floating housing, and are connected to it by means of flexible shaft - cardan. ^ EFFECT: invention is aimed at universalisation of horizontal vane hydroelectric power station. ^ 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydropower and is intended to convert a wide range of energy of the aquatic environment and marine, river flows into electrical energy.

From the prior art, a horizontal-bladed subsea-based hydropower plant is known, comprising a casing, working blades located vertically to the incoming flow, with a horizontal axis of rotation, bottom supports, service platforms and machine rooms, current generators, while the blades comprise a block of at least five blades , which are placed in tiers, patent US 7352078 B2, 01/01/2008, F03B 13/00, which is a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that:

- the whole complex is stationary and requires great depths, because Propellers are used to remove the energy of the underwater currents, where the water depth for one propeller must be greater than the diameter of the propeller rotation from 2 to 10 meters, as a safe part of the depth, including wave vibrations. For example, English turbines with a diameter of up to 19 meters are installed at a depth of 25 meters;

- when the rotating blades are vertically placed, with a diameter of 6 meters or more, the blades experience different loads from the flow stream, bottom flow, the speed differs from the flow, above the axis of rotation. This leads to an increase in the cost of blade designs and transmissions;

- bottom frontal propeller turbines should have a flow orientation system, especially in tidal currents, i.e. Additionally, there must be a system for turning the entire turbine downstream or 180 degrees;

- in the presence of several hydraulic turbines, power take-off is complicated and separate outlet electric cables are required, which complicates and increases the cost of the electrical circuit;

- HPPs and a propeller-type wind farm generate vibration, which requires massive bottom support, and ultrasound is dangerous for the fauna of the sea, changing the migration of animals and fish.

The claimed invention is devoid of most of the disadvantages of the prototype, and most importantly uses a wide range of depths from 1 m and above, different directions and speeds.

The objective of the invention is the universalization of a horizontal-bladed hydroelectric power station, expanding the range of application of the working body of the proposed device, universal for hydroelectric power stations, both in strength, direction and depth of the used flows, especially sharply and often changing at sea, facilitating the installation of stations at the workplace and their repair, or even an independent search for the most convenient basing, i.e. there is the possibility of creating a floating and self-propelled version of horizontal-bladed hydroelectric power stations, as well as the possibility of combining hydroelectric power stations with other power plants of the wind farm type in one unit (Hydro-wind farm), even with separate current generators, with the same horizontal turbine design. The only thing common for all paddle hydropower plants is the prevention of navigation and the presence of people in the area of operation of the blades for surface currents. It became possible to create systems of combined wind farms with hydroelectric power stations, i.e. a unified Hydro-wind farm scheme located in the waters of the seas, in bottom currents or tidal streams, in straits between islands, or in flooded floodplains of large rivers, including under bridges.

This task is achieved in a horizontally-bladed hydropower plant of underwater base, containing blades comprising a block of at least five blades and a current generator in which, according to the invention, the blades are horizontal, their shape is neutral to the medium flow and equipped with replaceable units with movable rigid or elastic blades placed on the lower and upper surfaces of the blades, which, when exposed to an incoming flow of the medium, are made to open in the working position, creating a moment of force, or to close when the blade enters the shadow zone of the flow, while the blocks of blades are mounted with rotation in different directions through one block and placed in tiers on a supporting vertical axial rod or the blocks of blades are removed from the main, for example, floating body, and connected to it by a flexible shaft - cardan.

The invention is illustrated by diagrams.

Figure 1 shows a view of a horizontal-bladed hydroelectric power station on an underwater stream in the sea,

figure 2 is a view of a horizontal-bladed hydroelectric power station in the underwater stream,

figure 3 - blade with folding rigid blades,

figure 4 - folding rigid blade,

figure 5 - blade with elastic blades (pockets).

figure 6 - elastic blade,

Fig.7 - hydroelectric station tower type, standing at the bottom, using the surface current of the sea,

on Fig - hydroelectric station tower type, standing at the bottom, top view, which shows the swinging supports for the blocks of the blades and where you can see the rational arrangement of the blocks relative to the direction of flow,

Fig.9 - hydroelectric power station of a floating type, at anchorage, in the surface flow of the stream.

figure 10 - hydroelectric power station floating type, anchored, top view.

For HPS, the blades, at least five (more than five blades are not effective, but possible), rotate in a horizontal plane on a vertical axis in the water flow, on an independent sleeve on a support rod in several tiers, connected by a power take-off drive defined for this circuit with a current generator placed in the bottom housing of the complex or on a platform above sea level, and the blades are equipped on both their planes with special movable blades, rigid or elastic, filled with the flow of medium, which are the main element Ohm, transmitting the force of the water flow to the blade and then through it and reduction to the current generator. The blade in its shape is neutral to the flow, it is only a transmitting device of the energy of the medium through the blades further to the current generator (Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6).

When using surface water flows, in the sea or in a river, a group of hinged blades can be moved outside the station’s main body, stationary or floating (Figs. 8, 9, 10), and is mounted on a remote farm swinging in the vertical plane and kinematically connected to the current generator located in the housing through a flexible shaft or cardan, and these farms with a block of blades, like hydraulic motors, can be placed around the perimeter of the hydroelectric power station (stationary, standing at the bottom, or floating, anchored, so that max it is reasonable to use a water stream (Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10)).

The horizontal-blade turbine, and on its basis a hydroelectric power station, operates as follows. On the bushings 4 are placed, horizontally, the design of the blades 5, comprising a block of blades 8 and the placement of removable nodes with rigid blades 6 (figure 4) or elastic blades 7 (figure 6) on both planes of the blade 5, without creating a lifting force, uniformly rotate around the axis and transmit through the main shaft (Figs. 1, 2) or cardan system of Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, the rotation force into the housing 2 (Fig. 1.2) through the rod 1, to the reduction and current generator (Fig. 7, 8, 9, 10). Blades of blades 8 (at least five for hydroelectric power plants) are installed on a vertical rod 1, as an option, in an even amount with rotation in different directions, through one block, or one block around the stationary building of the artificial island 10 (Fig. 7. 8), or around , for example, a floating body 11 (Fig 9. 10), but anchored 14 in the area of surface currents. Blade blocks 8 (Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10) have the ability to move up and down on the rods 9, so that it is possible to hide from large waves, in depth (up to about 3-4 m) or go above the surface of the water for inspection and block repair (Fig.7, 9).

Why at least five blades are indicated in the block for hydroelectric power plants, the experiment showed that with this arrangement of blocks 4 and 8 with blades 5, the water load is optimally removed, with an increase in the number of blades for hydroelectric power, the power increases by only 2-3%, and the cost of the block increases much more. For a wind turbine located above sea level, the number of blades can not be limited, but in reasonable design dimensions.

Bottom stationary hydropower plants with horizontal blades rest on the bottom and are secured with anchors-dowels 3 (Figs. 1, 7). Floating hydroelectric power plants (Figs. 9, 10) are attached to the bottom by anchors 14 on the halyards 13, and the building 11 itself, like a machine room, has an exit hatch 12.

The technical result obtained from the invention is that a wide range of uses of horizontal-bladed hydroelectric power plants, especially combined with wind power plants. The total power of the stations increases sharply. Construction costs are low compared to current underwater similar installations, especially in combination with wind turbines, and now there are almost no combined installations of this type. The proposed scheme of a horizontal-bladed hydroelectric power station, in a single unit (as a micro-hydroelectric power station), can be used in the river bank edge, with some building structures and a building for the machine room, or for receiving energy from traveling waves and tides. For floating hydropower plants, you can use outdated submarines or former railway tanks.

Claims (1)

A horizontal-bladed hydropower subsea-based hydroelectric station containing blades comprising a block of at least five blades and a current generator, characterized in that the blades are horizontal, their shape is neutral to the medium flow and equipped with replaceable nodes with movable rigid or elastic blades placed on the lower and upper surfaces of the blade, which, when exposed to an incoming flow of medium, are made to open in the working position, creating a moment of force, or to close when the blade enters the shadow zone Single, the blade unit mounted with rotation in different directions in one unit and placed on a supporting tiers vertical axial rod or blocks taken out from the main lobes eg floating, the body and connected thereto a flexible shaft - hob.

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