RU2408177C2 - Electric motor cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: motor cultivator comprises motor, reducer, transmission for running wheels and a pair of cutters. Cutters are arranged in a V-shaped manner at the angle of approximately 22° to vertical line and at the angle of 15° to axis of symmetry of motor cultivator. Each cutter is installed on a separate bearing and is arranged in the form of sprocket. Rims of sprocket are engages with a pair of sprockets of worm reducer with electric motor. Knives are welded radially to cutters at one side. Working edges of knives are bent approximately by 80° or have a shape of arch-quarter of circumference with radius of approximately 6 cm. Part of knives are distanced from axis and protrude over toothed rim by value of at least 2 cm. Each cutter has at least six knives made of steel strip with width of around 40 mm and thickness of around 3 mm. Some knives are arranged at the distance from centre, equal to approximately 0.7 of cutter radius. Motor cultivator has a reverse - a unit of bearings of running wheels, which is installed on sledge.

EFFECT: provides for opening of furrow in dead fallow.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering for agriculture - for cultivating the soil and for carrying out transport work in a private household. Our design provides for the possibility of installing an internal combustion engine, then the electric motor will work in generator mode to power electrical equipment.

The well-known "Electrophoresis P. Kopiev" (see J. Model-designer No. 11 - 1990, p.6) and "Mill for the garden" (J. Inventor and rationalizer. - No. 9-10, - 1992. - P. 18 )

The disadvantages of the motoblock designed by P. Kopiev are: bulkiness, the complexity of manufacturing and installing the cutter attachment unit, the need to use the brakes during operation, which requires skill and tires the worker who has to walk after the device on foot. The main drawback is that P. Kopiev’s walk-behind tractor does not open the furrow, contrary to the author’s statement and the picture in this magazine — on the contrary, after the passage of his walk-behind tractor, a hill of loosened soil forms behind it.

The closest analogue of our invention is a motor cultivator-cultivator (SU 1741628 A1, 06/23/1992) containing a motor, gearbox, transmission to running wheels and mills located perpendicular to the axis of rotation, but it is complex, material-intensive. The main disadvantages - it does not open the furrow well enough and ergonomically, the depth of tillage is not regulated and inconvenient to work with - it cannot work without the constant involvement of the driver and is not suitable for work requiring different efforts, cannot be operated with an internal combustion engine.

The objective of our invention is the elimination of these shortcomings and the creation of a walk-behind tractor, able to open the furrow even on black steam and suitable for transport work in a private household.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This goal is achieved by the fact that the number of cutters is reduced to two and they are located "V" -shaped obliquely to the vertical and the axis of symmetry of the machine. Sprockets are used as milling cutters, to which curved blades are welded, and their crowns are meshed with a pair of small sprockets of a worm gearbox with an electric motor. As a sleeve for their connection, a two-armed pulley was used. The gearbox has one more gear - three times smaller in diameter of the drive gear of the intermediate shaft, and a chain gear is used as the final gear, which increases the torque by at least 3 times. The running wheels have needle flanges, mounted on a single shaft: one of them is rigidly with a stud, and the other has a wheel lock heck. The engine, gearbox and shafts are attached to a one and a half meter section of the channel. The hollow pyramid of fastening of bearings of mills is attached to it from below, and the hollow part of the pyramid is part of the vas deferens. The possibility of mounting and belt drive with a gas motor is provided.

The essence of the present invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a walk-behind tractor, general view.

Figure 2 shows a bottom view of the machine.

Figure 3 shows the connection diagram of a three-phase electric motor in a single-phase network with the ability to change the direction of rotation of its shaft using a two-pole toggle switch in three positions.

The motoblock contains a three-phase electric motor 1 with a power of 2.1 kW and a rotational speed of 1400 rpm, included in a single-phase network using a capacitor and with the possibility of reversing using a toggle switch with three positions. A double-armed pulley 2 of a diameter of at least 12 cm is mounted on the motor shaft. An intermediate shaft of 30 mm in diameter and 30 cm long with an asterisk 3 with 32 teeth at one end and a small final drive asterisk 11 with 18 teeth is mounted under the motor shaft. The pulley is connected with a key to the drive shaft of the worm gearbox 4 of the factory brand 24-63-1984, with a gear ratio of 32. The splined shaft of the factory-made gearbox is replaced by a 27-mm hexagonal bar segment and a length of 30 cm with snap ring grooves - 4 m from the ends. The two opposite ribs are left intact, and the rest are sharpened to a diameter of 28 mm. This shaft is inserted symmetrically into the gearbox, an asterisk 5 with the number of teeth 10 is mounted on its right, which is engaged by teeth for the teeth of the asterisk 3. Thrust bushings and a pair of sprockets 6 with the number of teeth 20 and a pitch of 20 mm are put in at 28 see apart. The electric motor, the bearings of the intermediate shaft, the gearbox are bolted to the section of the channel 9. The leading sprockets 6 are hooked with their teeth to the gear ring of the cutter 8 with the number of teeth 54, to which three paired knives 10 with a width of 40 mm are radially welded on one side. Their working edges are bent by about 80 ° or have an arc shape of a radius of about 6 cm - from each pair, one of the knives protrudes 2 cm above the crown of the sprocket 5, and the other is located at a distance of 0.7 mill radius.

Knives can be made at home in pairs with a width of 40 mm from a circular saw with a diameter of approximately 44 cm and a thickness of 3 mm. The saw was cut into six equal sectors, “small sectors” were cut from the middle part of each sector - two teeth were removed with 8 cm sections, and all remaining teeth from the center of the sectors were sharpened at an angle of 45 degrees to the face. All sections and cuts are made by the grinder, also at the same angle to the face.

Milling cutters with gear rims 8 can have three cut-outs with a diameter of about 10 cm, are installed obliquely - at an angle of about 22 ° from the vertical and about 15 ° to the axis of symmetry of the walk-behind tractor. These angles will be approximately sustained if the bearing housings of milling cutters having a ring shape with a height of 45 mm are welded to two scarves 9 of sheet steel 5 mm thick, having the shape of two isosceles triangles with small sides of about 220 and bases of about 300 mm. They are also welded - to each other along one of their lateral sides, and the bases - after installation with a protrusion - a "boat-shaped nose" of 8 cm - are symmetrical and along the edges of the cutout / shape of a semicircle with a diameter of about 8 cm / plate of the same sheet steel size 150 × 250 mm. This plate is attached from below using M8 bolts to the channel 7 with a cross section of 100 × 160 × 100, a thickness of 5-6 mm and a length of 1.5 m. “Boat nose”, cutouts at the front end of the channel and the plate and the cavity between the kerchiefs are elements of the vas deferens - potato tubers.

A small sprocket 11 with the number of teeth 18 of the final drive is connected by a chain to the sprocket 12 with the number of teeth 32, mounted on the shaft of the running wheels (40 mm in diameter and 75 cm long) 14 cm from the axis of symmetry of the machine using a pin - bolt M10, similarly mounted on the shaft right wheel. The left wheel is mounted with lock rings 13 and has a locking latch containing a rod 14 made of a steel bar with a diameter of 8 mm, its lower protruding lower end is hardened and inserted through the hole of the corner pendulum 15 and in the hub into one of 8 holes with a diameter of 9 mm made on shaft. The bar is welded to the pendulum with its upper end and along the edge of the hole. The pendulum has two lateral scarves, the bent ends of which encircle the wheel spokes and hold it in two positions with the spring 16. In the position shown in the drawing, “lock is on”, and to turn it off, the foot acts fully against the pendulum against the spoke, it makes a turn, the lower end of the rod leaves the shaft hole, and the spring force of the spring, which has changed in the direction, holds the pendulum, pressing it to the spoke, and prevents spontaneous engagement of the lock. Part 17 - a bolt-handle inserted into a piece of plastic hose.

In order to be able to reverse the running wheels, their bearing block can be mounted movably on the slide with the possibility of re-securing it to the frame - to work with or without a chain in the final drive.

We consider optimal layout in the plastic box of the capacitor block 19 with a capacity of 60 microfarads with a switch 18 in three positions. To ensure electrical safety, both network wires are connected to the neutral contacts - at rest the machine is completely de-energized.

OPERATION PROCEDURE

Before starting to move along a curved path, the locking of one of the wheels of the machine is turned off. Pressing the handle down, raise the working body above the road and turn on the engine. Having reached the site, the engine is turned off, the wheels are locked, the working body is turned on, the engine is turned on, and the handle is gently released - the machine loosens the soil, rakes it in both directions with its blades - opens the furrow and moves along the plowed area without taxiing in a straight line. After starting, you can generally move away from the car and do just laying the cable parallel to the edge of the plot. If the plot is not plowed, then taxiing is required, as due to lack of weight, the car shakes during operation, it is better to sit on it, so it can be equipped with a hood-driver's seat. To open a deeper furrow (up to 25 cm!) Without a driver, as shown by the practice of operating our car, it is enough to change the direction of movement - the car will go straight forward without jerking and driver involvement.

By changing the direction of rotation of the cutters without a chain in the final drive, the depth of the open furrow will increase even more - in this case, the direction of rotation of the cutters is opposite to the direction of rotation of the running wheels, and the knives cut into the soil not from above, but from bottom to top and burrow deeper.

To work with the cultivator, it is fixed in the cutout of the channel with a bolt 7 and the holes in the channel for the guy-rod with threads and nuts at the ends, and the cutters are removed. To perform shallow cultivation and light transport work, you can remove the intermediate shaft, and then re-fasten the shaft bearing block - set it close - to the gears of the sprockets 6 and 12, or they are connected by a chain. Two wheels are attached to the free end of the channel on the c axis - with a thrust bearing in the middle and with a U-shaped steering wheel. If the loads are heavy, then they turn on the lock before driving, and if they are light, they work without locking the wheels. If it is necessary to increase the traction force, it is possible to re-fasten the shaft of the running wheel with a 180-degree turn - to drive the sprocket 12 from the sprocket 5, interchanging with the asterisk 6.

The walk-behind tractor can be equipped with two more - swivel - wheels on an axis with a thrust bearing in the middle, having a “P” shaped steering wheel (pivotally attached to the axis with the possibility of turning in a vertical plane), cultivator-hiller and driver's seat-hood.

Above the gearbox - a gasoline motor can be fixed with bolts for its holes using a belt drive, and for a chain or gear transmission, the electric motor can be temporarily removed and a sprocket crown can be attached to one of the pulley cheeks and a gear with a bored hub to the other.

The purpose of the invention is fully achieved.

Claims (3)

1. Motoblock containing an engine, gearbox, transmission to running wheels and mills, characterized in that it contains a pair of milling cutters located V-shaped at an angle of about 22 ° to the vertical and at an angle of 15 ° to the axis of symmetry of the walk-behind unit, and each cutter is mounted on a separate bearing and made in the form of an asterisk, the crowns of which are meshed with a pair of sprockets of a worm gear with an electric motor, while knives are radially welded to the cutters on one side, the working edges of which are bent by about 80 ° or have the shape of an arc - a quarter round of radius of about 6 cm, and the part removed from the knife axis and protrude from the toothing on the value of at least 2 cm. 2. Motoblock according to claim 1, characterized in that each milling cutter has at least six knives made of a steel strip about 40 mm wide and about 3 mm thick, with some of the knives located at a distance from the center of about 0.7 radius milling cutters. 3. Motoblock according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a reverse block of bearings of the running wheels, which is mounted on a slide with the possibility of re-attaching to the frame for operation with or without a chain in the final drive.

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