RU2407891C1 - Method of setting of dust-forming surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method involves application of stationary sources of mixture dust escape on dust-forming surfaces. Note that the mixture is obtained by mixing of organic residues of natural origin and high-molecular weight compound in the ratio of 125:1 and it is applied with simultaneous natural or artificial watering and hayseed planting, thus creating the foundation for strong grass-covered bio-productive layer forming.

EFFECT: increase of dust escape efficiency of stationary sources of dust-forming surfaces and return of disturbed lands to agricultural fund.

3 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the mining and oil industries, and in particular to methods for fixing dusty surfaces of stationary sources of dust (quarry dumps, sludge pits, tailing dumps), the removal of dust from which has a significant environmental load on the adjacent territories, as well as for the return of disturbed lands to the agricultural fund.

A known method of fixing dusty surfaces (RF application No. 93011503, IPC E21F 5/02, IPC E21F 5/18, IPC C09K 3/22, IPC C09K 17/00), including three-stage processing of dusty surfaces: first with 2-10% aqueous with a solution of saponified tall pitch, after 30-120 minutes - with an aqueous acid solution containing 0.2-1% mineral or organic acid, and after 24 hours again with a 2-10% aqueous solution of saponified tall pitch, with a total consumption of binder solutions 3 -6 l / m ^{2 of the} treated surface. The disadvantages of this method are the technological complexity, as well as the dependence on climatic conditions of use, which leads to low efficiency of fixing dusty surfaces, especially in the arid zone.

Known dedusting composition (RF patent No. 2029775, IPC C09K 3/22, IPC E21F 5/06), including components in the following proportions, wt.%: Sulfate soap or saponified tall oil pitch 2-10; polyacrylamide 0.05-0.20; water is the rest. The disadvantages of this composition are a sharp decrease in the bio-productivity of the fixed dusting surfaces, as well as increased radioactivity of the components.

A known composition for fixing dusty surfaces (RF patent No. 2148720, IPC E21F 5/06), comprising 10-15% of an adipic alkaline plasticizer (caprolactam production waste), 15-20% of Callovian powdered clay, recoverable with iron ore, and industrial water . The disadvantages of this composition are its lack of effectiveness due to atmospheric precipitation, which sharply reduces the concentration of the solution as a result of erosion of the surface layer, the high cost of working components for the preparation of alkaline solution, as well as the territorial narrowness of use, due to the presence of Callovian powdery clay only in the Kursk region magnetic anomalies.

A known method of fixing dusty surfaces, adopted for the prototype (RF patent No. 2151301, IPC E21F 5/16), which consists in applying to the dusting surface of polyvinyl butyral, which is mixed with sand, after which this mixture is heated to the melting temperature of polyvinyl butyral. The disadvantages of this method are the relatively high adhesion of polyvinyl butyral to many materials, which prevents the formation of a bio-productive medium on the basis of the proposed mixture, as well as the insufficient strength of the connection of polyvinyl butyral with sand, due to the large difference in the Poisson's ratio for these materials, which leads to gradual delamination, as well as the inability to use a fixed layer for surface sodding.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of dust suppression of dusty surfaces of stationary sources of dust (dumps quarries, sludge pits, tailings), as well as the return of disturbed lands to the agricultural fund.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of fixing dusty surfaces consists in applying a mixture of stationary dust sources to dusting surfaces with its simultaneous natural or artificial moistening and applying grass seeds, creating the basis for the formation of a durable sodded bio-productive layer.

Also, the technical result is achieved in that the mixture is obtained by combining organic residues of natural origin and a high molecular weight compound in a ratio of 125: 1.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that as the organic residues of natural origin, biohumus is used, obtained with the use of Eisenia Foetida earthworms.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose is used as a high molecular weight compound.

The carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt has the chemical formula (C ₆ H ₇ O ₂ (OH) _3-x (OCH ₂ COONa) _x ] _n , where n = 300-1000. It is an amorphous colorless substance with a density of 1.59 g / cm ³ . With a softening point of 170 ° C, the CMC sodium salt is soluble in water, as well as in aqueous solutions of alkalis, ammonia and sodium chloride, the degree of solubility being determined by the degree of cellulose esterification, but not dissolving in organic solvents and mineral oils.

When dissolved in water, the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose forms viscous transparent solutions characterized by pseudoplasticity, and for some varieties of the product, by thixotropy (the ability to spontaneously restore the original structure destroyed by mechanical action). In aqueous solutions, the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, exhibiting the properties of a surfactant, is well combined with other water-soluble organic substances, for example, biohumus. The compound is degraded in aqueous solutions of mineral acids and alkalis in the presence of oxygen. Transparent films are formed from aqueous solutions of the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, characterized by a relative elongation of 8-15%. The dry sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose has a weak corrosive effect; it is biologically inactive and resistant to biodegradation, however, its aqueous solutions during prolonged storage in air undergo enzymatic hydrolysis.

To prevent biodestructive processes when fixing dusty surfaces, use the biohumus obtained by using Eisenia Foetida earthworm compost worms [1].

Biohumus is a complex capillary-porous material, the intercellular space of which is filled with water with a low sucrose content. In the vermicompost obtained using Eisenia Foetida earthworms, the solids content varies from 20 to 25%, the pH has a slightly alkaline environment.

Biohumus is mixed with sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose in a ratio of 125: 1 by volume to neutralize the medium until an acidity of pH 7.1-7.4 is obtained, which is optimal for the formation of a bio-productive medium on the basis of a fixed dusting surface. At the same time, the adhesion ability of the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose will be preserved, which allows the formation of a durable layer on a dusty surface, slightly susceptible to destructive water and air erosion processes.

The method is as follows:

1. As organic residues of natural origin, biohumus is used, obtained with the use of Eisenia Foetida earthworms.

2. As the high molecular weight compound having high adhesive ability, the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose is used.

3. Application of the mixture to a dusty surface and its fixing due to natural sprinkling rationally by agricultural machines for applying organic fertilizers.

4. At the same time, the introduction of grass seeds is necessary for subsequent surface souring.

5. The mixing of vermicompost and sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose in a ratio of 125: 1 is carried out by standard agricultural ring-spur rollers, which loosen the top layer, introducing the necessary components into it, and compact the surface.

With natural sprinkling and gravity, the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose penetrates between the biohumus fractions and the dust layer is fixed. The sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose has an adhesive property to glue the finely dispersed mineral component of vermicompost, which helps to protect the formed soil from the effects of water and wind erosion, but at the same time form a bio-productive environment.

The resulting mixture was investigated to create a bioproductive environment. Sheldow lawn grass was used as an indicator of the possibility of creating such an environment (table 1).

Table 1 No. Biohumus,% Sodium salt of carboxymethyl
cellulose,% The germination of the herbal mixture,% Sprout color (on day 60) Maximum height of sprouts, cm Life time, days one one hundred 0 95 Dark green fourteen 160 2 99,2 0.8 95 Dark green fifteen 160 3 98.5 1,5 fifty yellow green 12 80 four 97 3 twenty Green 5 thirty 5 95 5 - - - -

From table 1 it is seen that the optimal ratio of components to obtain the highest bio-productivity has the composition No. 2 of the mixture.

The resulting mixture was tested in a laboratory setup to create a wind load on pallets with different bio-productive layers of the same mass. The wind flow at a speed of 3 m / s acted horizontally on the layers for 1 minute. The results of the experiment are presented in table 2.

table 2 No. Biohumus,% Sodium salt of carboxymethyl
cellulose,% Weight before blowing, g Mass after blowing, g The integrity of the formed layer,% one one hundred 0 250 137 95 2 99,2 0.8 250 245 95 3 98.5 1,5 250 245 80 four 97 3 250 244 fifty 5 95 5 250 242 twenty

From table 2 it is seen that the most durable and holistic after blowing is a mixture with composition No. 2. This indicates that the susceptibility of wind erosion when the ratio of the components of the mixture No. 2 is minimal.

Compared with the known solutions, the proposed method allows to increase the efficiency of fixing a dusty surface while forming a bioproductive environment, which will contribute to the creation of secondary ecosystems on disturbed technogenic massifs.

Literature

1. Kovshov C.B. The problem of organic waste and vermitechnology as an option to solve it. Notes of the Mining Institute. SPGGI (TU) T.181. SPb., 2009. S.217-219.

Claims (3)

1. The method of fixing dusty surfaces, including applying to a dusty surface stationary sources of dust of the mixture, characterized in that the mixture is obtained by combining organic residues of natural origin and high molecular weight compounds in a ratio of 125: 1 and applied with its simultaneous natural or artificial moistening and application of grass seeds, creating the basis for the formation of a durable sodded bio-productive layer. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as organic residues of natural origin, biohumus is used, obtained as a result of the work of Eisenia Foetida earthworm compost worms. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose is used as a high molecular weight compound.