CN113528088A - Soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/22—Materials not provided for elsewhere for dust-laying or dust-absorbing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an environment-friendly soil raise dust crusting dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof, wherein the environment-friendly soil raise dust suppressant comprises 800-1000 parts by weight of water, 1-2 parts by weight of vegetable gum, 2-3 parts by weight of monosaccharide or polysaccharide, 0.5-1 part by weight of emulsifier, 400-500 parts by weight of liquid hydrocarbon and 50-100 parts by weight of animal and vegetable oil; the TSP (TSP) inhibition efficiency of the environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant sprayed on soil dust is more than or equal to 95%, the PM10 inhibition efficiency is more than or equal to 95%, and the PM2.5 inhibition efficiency is more than or equal to 95%; the rotational viscosity of the soil dust raising environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant is 5-45 mpa · s at 5-25 ℃. By spraying the soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant on the surfaces of exposed ground surfaces of construction sites, municipal construction sites, urban areas and the like, the concentration of particulate matter PM10 and fine particulate matter PM2.5 harmful to human bodies is effectively reduced, the working environment is improved, the times of environmental sanitation operation are reduced, a large amount of precious water resources are saved, and the economic benefits of the environment, the society and enterprises are effectively increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dust suppressant, in particular to an environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant for soil dust emission and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the industrial development and the urbanization process of China being accelerated, the pollution of atmospheric particulates gradually becomes one of the most prominent problems of urban air quality. The atmospheric particulates not only seriously affect the human health, but also have an important influence on the quality of the atmospheric environment. With the progress of urbanization, the infrastructure of real estate and public facilities is increasing. Soil dust such as building sites, municipal sites, urban bare ground and the like have become important atmospheric particulate pollution sources.
The flying dust is an important pollution source which is harmful to human health, influences the urban air quality and reduces the atmospheric visibility. The use of the dust suppressant is an effective measure for improving the dust problem, optimizing the dust in building construction and protecting the health of workers.
However, in the environments of construction sites, municipal sites, exposed ground in urban areas and the like, the dust suppressant used in the scenes needs to have the functions of moistening, bonding and adsorbing, solidifying and crusting and the like. Therefore, the dust suppressant for soil dust is urgently needed to meet the requirement of dust suppression under complex working conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an environment-friendly soil raise dust crusting dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof aiming at the requirement of suppressing soil raise dust under complex working conditions, so as to reduce environmental pollution and reduce resource waste.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an environment-friendly soil dust raising and crusting dust suppressant, which comprises 800-1000 parts by weight of water, 1-2 parts by weight of vegetable gum, 2-3 parts by weight of monosaccharide or polysaccharide, 0.5-1 part by weight of emulsifier, 400-500 parts by weight of liquid hydrocarbon and 50-100 parts by weight of animal and vegetable oil; the TSP (TSP) inhibition efficiency of the environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant sprayed on soil dust is more than or equal to 95%, the PM10 inhibition efficiency is more than or equal to 95%, and the PM2.5 inhibition efficiency is more than or equal to 95%; the rotational viscosity of the soil dust raising environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant is 5-45 mpa · s at 5-25 ℃.
Preferably, the dust suppression effective period of the soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant is more than or equal to 35 days and less than 90 days; the wind erosion rate is less than 1.
Preferably, after the soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant is sprayed, the thickness of a bonding layer on the surface of the sprayed material is more than 10 mm.
Preferably, the soil is dustyThe spraying amount of the environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant is 4-6 kg/m2And the dust suppression efficiency is more than or equal to 99.7 percent.
Preferably, the vegetable gum comprises one or more of modified starches, sesbania gum, guar gum, flax gum, fenugreek gum, xanthan gum or carrageenan; the monosaccharide or polysaccharide comprises glucose, maltose, chitosan, and inulin; the liquid hydrocarbon comprises a liquid petroleum-like substance; the animal and vegetable oil comprises base oil, palm oil, corn oil or oleic acid.
Preferably, the emulsifier is OP10 or sp 80.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant, which comprises the following steps:
step A, mixing 400-500 parts by weight of water and 1-2 parts by weight of vegetable gum, and uniformly stirring to obtain liquid A;
step B, mixing 400-500 parts by weight of water and 2-3 parts by weight of monosaccharide or polysaccharide, and uniformly stirring to obtain a liquid B;
step C, mixing 0.5-1 part by weight of emulsifier, 400-500 parts by weight of liquid hydrocarbon and 50-100 parts by weight of animal and vegetable oil, and uniformly stirring to obtain liquid C;
and D, mixing the liquid C with the liquid B, adding the liquid A after uniformly stirring, and stirring for 1-2 hours by using a homogenizer after mixing to obtain the soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
the environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant for soil dust emission is water-in-oil emulsion, after the emulsion is sprayed, the effective components in the emulsion are adsorbed and complexed with soil, the fine and easily dusty soil is bonded and agglomerated into particles which are not easy to dust emission and have larger particle size, and a crusting layer with certain thickness and toughness is formed on the surface of the soil, so that the dust emission caused by external disturbance is reduced, and the purpose of suppressing dust is fundamentally realized.
The environmental protection crusting dust suppressant is sprayed on the surfaces of exposed ground surfaces of construction sites, municipal sites, urban areas and the like, so that the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 which are harmful to human bodies is effectively reduced; the working environment is improved, the times of environmental sanitation operation are reduced, and a large amount of precious water resources are saved; meanwhile, the incrustation layer formed after spraying has strong water permeability, so that rainfall can be ensured to quickly permeate to the lower layer through the incrustation layer, and natural recovery of vegetation is facilitated. Effectively increase the economic benefits of the environment, the society and the enterprise.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a portable wind tunnel (PI-SWERL) system;
FIG. 2 is a portable wind tunnel (PI-SWERL) test work scenario;
FIG. 3 shows the result of the dust suppression validity period of the soil dusting environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The invention provides an environment-friendly soil raise dust crusting dust suppressant, which is developed according to the environmental pertinence of construction sites, municipal construction sites, exposed ground in urban areas and the like, is prepared by compounding natural polymer additives such as vegetable gum and other organic materials, mainly comprises performance components such as an emulsifier, a humectant, a binder, a thickener, a bactericide and the like, is safe and environment-friendly, is easy to degrade, does not cause secondary pollution, and accords with the ecological environment protection concept. The dust suppressant has the functions of moistening, bonding, adsorbing, solidifying and crusting and the like, and is an effective means for solving dust emission under complex working conditions.
Specifically, the soil dust raising environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant comprises 800-1000 parts by weight of water, 1-2 parts by weight of vegetable gum, 2-3 parts by weight of monosaccharide or polysaccharide, 0.5-1 part by weight of emulsifier, 400-500 parts by weight of liquid hydrocarbon and 50-100 parts by weight of animal and vegetable oil; the TSP (TSP) inhibition efficiency of the environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant sprayed on soil dust is more than or equal to 95%, the PM10 inhibition efficiency is more than or equal to 95%, and the PM2.5 inhibition efficiency is more than or equal to 95%; the rotational viscosity of the soil dust raising environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant is 5-45 mpa · s at 5-25 ℃.
Preferably, the vegetable gum comprises one or more of modified starches, sesbania gum, guar gum, flax gum, fenugreek gum, xanthan gum or carrageenan; the monosaccharide or polysaccharide comprises glucose, maltose, chitosan, and inulin; the liquid hydrocarbons include liquid petroleum-based products; the animal and vegetable oil comprises base oil, palm oil, corn oil, oleic acid and the like. Preferably, the emulsifier is OP10 or sp 80.
The environment-friendly soil dust raising and crusting dust suppressant adopts natural plants as raw materials, is nontoxic and harmless, is easy to degrade under natural conditions, comprises natural polysaccharide macromolecules and other natural polymer components, has rich functional groups such as hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups on molecular chains, and grafts different charged groups through chemical modification to generate acting force among molecules, and has cohesiveness, filming property, moisture retention property, wettability, permeability and the like, so that the prepared dust suppressant can rapidly capture particle dust and adsorb particles, dust suppressant diluent is sprayed on permeable materials on the surface of the materials to form a compact and strong-toughness consolidated layer with a net structure, and a good dust suppression effect is kept.
More preferably, the soil dust-raising environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant comprises 1000 parts by weight of water, 2 parts by weight of vegetable gum, 3 parts by weight of monosaccharide or polysaccharide, 1 part by weight of emulsifier, 500 parts by weight of liquid hydrocarbon and 100 parts by weight of animal and vegetable oil.
The environment-friendly soil dust raising and crusting dust suppressant is water-in-oil emulsion, after the emulsion is sprayed, the effective components of the emulsion are adsorbed and complexed with soil or stacking powder, the fine and easily dusty soil is bonded and agglomerated into particles which are difficult to raise dust and have larger particle size, and crusting layers with certain thickness and toughness are formed on the surface of the soil, so that the dust raised due to external disturbance is reduced, and the purpose of suppressing dust is fundamentally realized.
Preferably, the dust suppression effective period of the soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant is more than or equal to 35 days and less than 90 days; the wind erosion rate is less than 1. Preferably, the soil is raisedAfter the dust-protection incrustation dust suppressant is sprayed, the thickness of a bonding layer on the surface of the sprayed material is more than 10 mm. More preferably, the spraying amount of the soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant is 4-6 kg/m2And the dust suppression efficiency is more than or equal to 99.7 percent.
In order to further illustrate the dust suppression effect of the soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant, the dust suppression efficiency and the dust suppression validity period are measured.
The soil wind erosion dust emission potential is tested by a portable wind tunnel (PI-SWERL, as shown in figure 1) developed in the United states desert, and the soil wind erosion dust emission potential comprises the soil wind erosion dust emission potential after spraying the encrusting dust suppressant diluent and water. The specific test steps are as follows:
1) tidying a piece of soil texture with no obstacles on the surface and uniform particulate matter discharge capacity, wherein the type of the soil texture is a flat bare land with loamy sandy soil; the test field adopts a quincunx point arrangement method to select 5 points in the test field, the uniformity of the particulate matter emission capacity of the 5 points is tested by using the portable wind tunnel, and the uniformity is considered to meet the requirement when the relative standard deviation of the emission capacity is less than or equal to 20 percent.
2) At least 4 test frames with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height multiplied by 1.20m multiplied by 0.25m are fixed in a bare ground test field and used for quantitatively spraying the soil dust raising environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant solution to ensure that the soil in the test frames is not subjected to artificial disturbance and the wind erosion shadow of the surrounding soil.
3) The dust suppressant is diluted with water to a solution according to the use concentration of the dust suppressant. Spraying 4-6 kg/m on the soil surface according to the field environment2The soil raise dust environmental protection crusting dust suppressant, use the watering can to spray the dust suppressant diluted solution on the soil surface in the test frame. The spraying mode adopts longitudinal and transverse alternate spraying, obvious liquid drops can be seen during spraying, and 2 test frames are sprayed for testing the dust suppression efficiency and the dust suppression validity period of the wind erosion raise dust suppressant. Meanwhile, 2 test frame soils which are not processed are reserved as blank plots for blank test. And recording information such as the use concentration of the wind erosion raise dust suppressant, the spraying amount per unit area, the spraying time and the like on a label on the test frame.
4) And 6, 48 hours before testing, no precipitation exists, after the surface of the soil sprayed with the dust suppressant diluent is dried and crusts, the test is carried out at a position without any overlapping at 3 positions in 1 test frame sprayed with the dust suppressant diluent, and the portable wind tunnel is gently placed at the test position without damaging the crusts on the surface of the soil. A computer control system is used for setting a step mode to simulate and test the soil surface wind erosion raise dust particle emission potential under different wind speeds.
5) The test was performed by selecting a position without any overlap at 3 of 1 blank test frame, and the portable wind tunnel was gently placed at the test position. A computer control system is used for setting a step mode to simulate and test the soil surface wind erosion raise dust particle emission potential under different wind speeds.
6) And respectively processing the parallel test data of 3 times in the tested frame, calculating the accumulated emission potential of the particulate matters, and then calculating the average value A of the test data of 3 times. The dust suppression efficiency eta (%) of the particulate matters is calculated according to a formula:
η＝(A1-A2)/A1×100％；
in the formula: eta-dust suppression efficiency (%) of particulate matter;
a1-potential for cumulative emission of particulate matter in blank plots (mg/m)2)；
A2-cumulative discharge potential (mg/m) of particles in land where wind erosion dust inhibitor is sprayed2)。
7) D (60 +/-3) d after spraying the wind erosion raise dust suppressant, and testing the dust suppression efficiency of the untested test frame and blank test frame sprayed with the wind erosion raise dust suppressant according to the steps.
The test results show that the inhibition efficiency of the incrustation dust suppressant on PM2.5 with different concentrations at different wind speeds is higher than 99.7% when the portable wind tunnel reaches 6000 RPM. Compared with the PM2.5 inhibiting efficiency of spraying the same amount of water, the dust inhibiting efficiency of spraying the dust inhibitors with different concentrations is over 85 percent. Wherein, 6kg is sprayed by diluting 50 times and 6kg is sprayed by diluting 65 times, compared with spraying equivalent water, the dust suppression efficiency is higher, and both are more than 99.7%. Compared with spraying pure water, the dust suppression efficiency is improved by more than 95%. The dust suppression effect is shown in fig. 3.
The results show that: the TSP inhibition efficiency of the environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant sprayed on soil dust is more than or equal to 95%, the PM10 inhibition efficiency is more than or equal to 95%, and the PM2.5 inhibition efficiency is more than or equal to 95%.
The dust suppression effective period of the soil dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant is not less than 35 days and less than 90 days.
In practical application, viscosity factors have obvious influence on solution spreading and permeation speed, the requirement on a spraying device is lower for the viscosity value (5-60 mpa.s), the solution is easy to atomize during spraying, the solution is uniformly dispersed, and a more stable bonding layer is formed. The soil dust-raising environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant has the rotational viscosity of 5-45 mpa & s at 5-25 ℃, and has an excellent viscosity index.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant, which comprises the following steps:
step A, mixing 400-500 parts by weight of water and 1-2 parts by weight of vegetable gum, and uniformly stirring to obtain liquid A;
step B, mixing 400-500 parts by weight of water and 2-3 parts by weight of monosaccharide or polysaccharide, and uniformly stirring to obtain a liquid B;
step C, mixing 0.5-1 part by weight of emulsifier, 400-500 parts by weight of liquid hydrocarbon and 50-100 parts by weight of animal and vegetable oil, and uniformly stirring to obtain liquid C;
and D, mixing the liquid C with the liquid B, adding the liquid A after uniformly stirring, and stirring for 1-2 hours by using a homogenizer after mixing to obtain the soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant.
As the environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant needs to form a water-in-oil emulsion when in use, the environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant needs to be divided into A, B, C liquid, and different substances are distributed, mixed and complexed to form a special oil-coated emulsion structure with good water solubility.
Example 1
A. Uniformly mixing 5 tons of water with 20 kilograms of vegetable gum to obtain liquid A, and uniformly stirring 30 kilograms of monosaccharide or polysaccharide in the 5 tons of water to obtain liquid B;
B. mixing 10 kg of emulsifier OP10 with 5 tons of recovered bio-oil and 1 ton of animal and vegetable oil to obtain liquid C;
C. and mixing the liquid C with the liquid B, adding the liquid A, mixing, and stirring for 1-2 hours by using a homogenizer to obtain the environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant.
The environmental protection crusting dust suppressant is sprayed on the surfaces of exposed ground surfaces of construction sites, municipal sites, urban areas and the like, so that the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 which are harmful to human bodies is effectively reduced; the working environment is improved, the times of environmental sanitation operation are reduced, and a large amount of precious water resources are saved; meanwhile, the incrustation layer formed after spraying has strong water permeability, so that rainfall can be ensured to quickly permeate to the lower layer through the incrustation layer, and natural recovery of vegetation is facilitated. Effectively increase the economic benefits of the environment, the society and the enterprise.
Example 2
A. Uniformly mixing 4 tons of water with 10 kilograms of vegetable gum to obtain liquid A, and uniformly stirring 20 kilograms of monosaccharide or polysaccharide in the 4 tons of water to obtain liquid B;
B. mixing 5 kg of emulsifier OP10 with 4 tons of recovered bio-oil and 0.5 ton of animal and vegetable oil to obtain liquid C;
C. and mixing the liquid C with the liquid B, adding the liquid A, mixing, and stirring for 1-2 hours by using a homogenizer to obtain the environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant.
The environmental protection crusting dust suppressant is sprayed on the surfaces of exposed ground surfaces of construction sites, municipal sites, urban areas and the like, so that the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 which are harmful to human bodies is effectively reduced; the working environment is improved, the times of environmental sanitation operation are reduced, and a large amount of precious water resources are saved; meanwhile, the incrustation layer formed after spraying has strong water permeability, so that rainfall can be ensured to quickly permeate to the lower layer through the incrustation layer, and natural recovery of vegetation is facilitated. Effectively increase the economic benefits of the environment, the society and the enterprise.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The soil raise dust environmental protection crust dust suppressant which is characterized in that: the water-soluble organic fertilizer comprises 800-1000 parts by weight of water, 1-2 parts by weight of vegetable gum, 2-3 parts by weight of monosaccharide or polysaccharide, 0.5-1 part by weight of emulsifier, 400-500 parts by weight of liquid hydrocarbon and 50-100 parts by weight of animal and vegetable oil; the TSP (TSP) inhibition efficiency of the soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant sprayed on the soil raise dust is more than or equal to 95%, the PM10 inhibition efficiency is more than or equal to 95%, and the PM2.5 inhibition efficiency is more than or equal to 95%; the rotational viscosity of the soil dust raising environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant is 5-45 mpa · s at 5-25 ℃.
2. The soil dusting environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein: the dust suppression effective period of the soil dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant is not less than 35 days and less than 90 days; the wind erosion rate is less than 1.
3. The soil dusting environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein: after the soil dust-raising environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant is sprayed, the thickness of a bonding layer on the surface of the sprayed material is larger than 10 mm.
4. The soil dusting environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein: the spraying amount of the soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant is 4-6 kg/m2And the dust suppression efficiency is more than or equal to 99.7 percent.
5. The soil dusting environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein: the vegetable gum comprises one or more of modified starch, sesbania gum, guar gum, flax gum, fenugreek gum, xanthan gum or carrageenan; the monosaccharide or polysaccharide comprises glucose, maltose, chitosan, and inulin; the liquid hydrocarbon comprises a liquid petroleum-like substance; the animal and vegetable oil comprises base oil, palm oil, corn oil or oleic acid.
6. The soil dusting environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein: the emulsifier is OP10 or sp 80.
7. A method for preparing the soil dusting environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step A, mixing 400-500 parts by weight of water and 1-2 parts by weight of vegetable gum, and uniformly stirring to obtain liquid A;
step B, mixing 400-500 parts by weight of water and 2-3 parts by weight of monosaccharide or polysaccharide, and uniformly stirring to obtain a liquid B;
step C, mixing 0.5-1 part by weight of emulsifier, 400-500 parts by weight of liquid hydrocarbon and 50-100 parts by weight of animal and vegetable oil, and uniformly stirring to obtain liquid C;
and D, mixing the liquid C with the liquid B, adding the liquid A after uniformly stirring, and stirring for 1-2 hours by using a homogenizer after mixing to obtain the soil raise dust environment-friendly crusting dust suppressant.
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Application publication date: 20211022 |