RU2406031C1 - Reactor for processing of organic wastes and oil sludges - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: reactor for processing of organic wastes and oil sludges contains waste loading assembly, gasification chamber, filtration assembly with absorbent layer, and heat exchanger. Pulse-type laser, receiver and membrane oxygen generator is introduced to it; extruder with pressing chamber is made in waste loading assembly, screw conveyor is installed between filtration assembly and receiver, receiver is connected by means of holes to filtration assembly and heat exchanger, and optic lens is installed in one more hole. Receiver bottom is connected by means of slit slot to gasification chamber filled with alkaline electrolyte. Laser, optic lens and the slit slot connecting the receiver to gasification chamber are located so that laser beam is spread to the level of electrolyte in gasification chamber. Heat exchanger outlet is connected to inlet of membrane oxygen generator. Absorbent layer is made in filtration assembly in the form of ground mixture of salts with burnt lime.

EFFECT: reducing the requirements for humidity of organic wastes and oil sludges, increasing efficiency and ecological properties of processing of wastes and oil sludges.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of chemical-thermal treatment, and in particular to devices for thermal decomposition of organic products without access of air.

Known reactor for processing organic waste and oil sludge [1], containing a chamber with molten salts, a filtration chamber, a heat exchanger.

The closest in technical essence is a reactor for processing organic waste and oil sludge [2], containing a waste loading unit with a hopper, a gasification chamber, a filtering unit with an absorbent layer, a heat exchanger.

The disadvantage of such a reactor for the processing of organic waste and oil sludge is the restriction on the degree of humidity used for processing waste.

The technical result of the invention is to lower the requirements for moisture content of organic waste and oil sludge, increasing the efficiency and environmental friendliness of the process of processing waste and oil sludge.

This technical result is achieved in a reactor for processing organic waste and oil sludge, containing a waste loading unit with a hopper, a gasification chamber, a filtration unit with an absorbent layer, a heat exchanger by the fact that a pulsed laser, a receiver and an oxygen membrane generator are introduced into it, the filtration unit is located a screw conveyor is installed between the filtration unit and the receiver above the receiver, below which the gasification chamber is located, the channel of which is connected to the outlet in the bottom of the filtration unit and the second outlet in the receiver and connected to the heat exchanger inlet and the third outlet in which the optical lens is mounted, the bottom of the receiver and the upper part of the gasification chamber are connected by a slot with a width equal to the diameter of the laser beam in the loading unit waste, an extruder was made with a pressing chamber extending to the side of the slot between the receiver and the gasification chamber filled with alkaline electrolyte, a laser, an optical lens in the receiver and Left groove located on the same vertical axis so that the laser beam is provided to the passage of alkaline electrolyte level location within the gasification chamber, the output of the heat exchanger connected to the inlet of the membrane of the oxygen generator, a filtering node absorbent layer is in the form of ground salt mixture with quicklime.

By introducing a pulsed type laser, installing an optical lens in the receiver, arranging the laser, optical lens and slit groove along one vertical axis, in which the laser beam passes to the level of alkaline electrolyte in the gasification chamber, the pyrolysis temperature of the waste is so high that the moisture contained in the waste instantly breaks down into oxygen and hydrogen molecules. As a result, moisture requirements for organic waste are reduced.

By introducing a pulsed laser and a membrane oxygen generator, filling the gasification chamber with an alkaline electrolyte, the pyrolysis and gasification processes are simultaneously provided to produce methane as a final product suitable for use as fuel. At the same time, the efficiency of the waste processing process increases and its environmental friendliness increases due to the reduction of dioxins formed in gaseous waste decomposition products.

As a result of the fact that in the filtration unit there is a ground mixture of salts with quicklime, the first outlet of the receiver goes into the channel of the screw conveyor, and the outlet of the filtration unit is connected to the channel of the screw conveyor, and the gaseous pyrolysis products are cleaned of dioxins and furans, thereby increasing environmental friendliness waste recycling process.

By performing an extruder and a pressing chamber in the waste loading unit, an increase in the environmental friendliness of the waste processing is achieved, since the gaseous pyrolysis products containing dioxins and furans do not pass through the extruder into the atmosphere.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the reactor for the processing of organic waste and oil sludge, figure 2 is a section of a slotted groove.

The reactor for processing organic waste and oil sludge (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1, in which are located a filtration unit 2, a receiver 3, a waste loading unit 4, a gasification chamber 5 filled with an alkaline electrolyte, such as, for example, an alkali solution of Na (OH) ₂ in water. The filtration unit 2 is located above the receiver 3, the gasification chamber 5 is located below the receiver 3. In the filtration unit 2 is a ground mixture of salts, such as, for example, NaCl and KCl, with quicklime.

The reactor for processing organic waste and oil sludge also contains a heat exchanger 6, a membrane oxygen generator 7, a pulsed type laser 8. Between the filtration unit 2 and the receiver 3 there is a screw conveyor 9, the channel 10 of which is connected to the outlet 11 of the filtration unit 2 and the first outlet 12 in the receiver 3.

The receiver 3 has a second outlet 13 connected to the input of the heat exchanger 6 and a third outlet 14 in which the optical lens 15 is mounted. At the bottom of the gasification chamber 5 there is an outlet 16, which is blocked by a valve 17.

An extruder 19 with a pressing chamber 20 having, for example, a cylindrical shape, is made in the waste loading unit 4 with the hopper 18. The pressing chamber 20 is connected to the outlet 21 of the hopper 18 and extends into the side of the slot groove 22 connecting the bottom of the receiver 3 with the upper part of the gasification chamber 5.

The laser 8, the optical lens 15 and the slit groove 22 are located on the same vertical axis so that the laser beam in the direction "B" passes to the level 23 of the alkaline electrolyte in the gasification chamber 5.

In the lower part of the gasification chamber, a compartment 24 for collecting slag is made.

To fill the gasification chamber 5 with alkaline electrolyte, a tube 25 is provided, blocked by a valve 26. In the filtration unit 2 there is a fitting 27 and a hatch 28 closed by a lid 29.

The width L of the slot groove 22 (FIG. 2) is equal to the diameter of the laser beam.

The reactor for processing organic waste and oil sludge (figure 1) works as follows. Through the hatch 28, a ground mixture of salts, for example NaCl, KCl, with quicklime, is loaded into the filtration unit 2. Waste in the form of either organic waste, or oil sludge, or organic waste and oil sludge is loaded into the hopper 18. Using the extruder 19, the waste is moved from the outlet 21 of the hopper 18 into the pressing chamber 20 and compressed therein, forming a cork from the waste, which is subsequently pushed into the slot groove 22.

The laser unit 8 is turned on, and the laser beam pulses directed in the direction of arrow “B”, when they meet compacted waste and alkaline electrolyte in the gasification chamber 5 at the entrance to the slot groove 22, are exposed to temperature conditions above 2000 ° C, which ensures decomposition of in the waste water to oxygen and hydrogen and the breaking of intercellular bonds in any substance of which the waste consists of organic waste and oil sludge. As a result, the organic part of the waste, bypassing the pyrolysis stage, passes into a gaseous state, and the mineral part turns into slag and falls into the slag collection compartment 24 in the gasification chamber 5. Oxygen formed as a result of decomposition of the water contained in the waste and alkaline electrolyte passes through the second outlet 13 in the receiver 3, it is cooled in the heat exchanger 6 and after passing through the plates of the membrane oxygen generator 7 is removed from the receiver 3, and hydrogen, interacting with carbon molecules, forms t methane.

The fact that in the gasification chamber 5 is an alkaline electrolyte, the lower temperature necessary for the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen is provided.

In the process of chemical-thermal reactions in the gasification chamber 5, the pressure of gaseous products increases, creating the necessary conditions for the formation of methane. Next, methane enters the receiver 3 and through the first outlet 12 in the receiver 3, the gaps between the turns of the threaded part in the screw conveyor 9, the outlet 11 in the filtration unit 2 passes to the filtration unit 2. When methane originates through the ground mixture of salts with quicklime, the absorption of dioxins and furans by particles of a mixture of salts and slaked lime, and methane purified from dioxins and furans passes from the outlet of the nozzle 27 into the tank connected to it.

When the extruder 19 is operating, slag from the exit of the slot groove 22 falls to the bottom of the compartment 24 for collecting slag in the gasification chamber 5.

As the ground mixture is contaminated with dioxins and furans, the screw conveyor 9 is turned on, and part of the ground salt mixture with slaked lime passes through the outlet 11 in the filtration unit 2, the first outlet 12 in the receiver 3, the slotted groove 22 is poured into the slag collecting compartment 24.

To clean the compartment 24 for collecting slag from toxins and contaminants from the ground salt mixture with quicklime, a valve 17 is opened, and garbage is discharged from it through the outlet 16 in the gasification chamber 5.

The impact of the laser beam on the waste, which creates a temperature above 2000 ° C at the meeting point with the waste plug, decomposes the moisture contained in the waste into hydrogen and oxygen, which is removed from the receiver 3 by means of a membrane oxygen generator 7. This reduces the oxygen volume with a simultaneous increase in the volume of hydrogen during chemical-thermal reactions in the gasification chamber 5, which contributes mainly to the formation of methane in the processing of organic waste and oil sludge, increasing the efficiency of the waste management process.

By decomposing the moisture contained in the waste into hydrogen and oxygen in the gasification chamber 5, organic waste and oil sludge 4 are loaded into the hopper 18 through the waste unit with reduced moisture requirements.

Since in the filtration unit 2 dioxins and furans are removed from the gaseous waste products, the environmental friendliness of the process of processing organic waste and oil sludge is increased.

In general, the main product from the processing of either organic waste, or oil sludge, or organic waste and oil sludge is methane suitable for use as fuel.

Information sources

1. Patent of Ukraine No. 25813, cl. F23G 5/027. Method for thermal processing of solid organic waste and installation for its implementation. 1992

2. Patent of Ukraine No. 57984 C2, cl. F23G 5/027. Installation for pyrolysis of waste. 2002 year

Claims (1)

A reactor for processing organic waste and oil sludge containing a waste loading unit with a hopper, a gasification chamber, a filtration unit with an absorbent layer, a heat exchanger, characterized in that a pulsed laser, a receiver and an oxygen membrane generator are introduced into it, the filtration unit is located above the receiver, below of which the gasification chamber is located, a screw conveyor is installed between the filtration unit and the receiver, the channel of which is connected to the outlet in the bottom of the filtration unit and the first outlet in the upper the second part of the receiver, the receiver has a second outlet connected to the heat exchanger inlet and a third outlet in which the optical lens is mounted, the bottom of the receiver and the upper part of the gasification chamber are connected by a slot with a width equal to the diameter of the laser beam, an extruder is made in the waste loading unit with a pressing chamber extending to the side of the slot between the receiver and the gasification chamber filled with alkaline electrolyte, a laser, an optical lens in the receiver, and a slot are located one at a time the vertical axis so that the laser beam is allowed to pass to the level of alkaline electrolyte location in the gasification chamber, the heat exchanger output is connected to the inlet of the oxygen membrane generator, in the filtration unit the absorbent layer is made in the form of a ground mixture of salts with quicklime.

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