RU2405027C2 - Manufacturing method of solid fuel made from industrial and domestic wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: manufacturing method of solid fuel made from industrial and domestic waste consists in the fact that industrial and domestic wastes are divided into three groups at the first step. The first group includes large-sized metal objects, cords and hazardous substances which are removed from total weight of basic objects for manufacturing of solid fuel and then they are disposed. The second group includes large-sized industrial and domestic wastes. The third group contains the wastes which are less than 150 mm as per overall dimensions. At the second step the wastes of the second group are placed in screw crusher for decreasing their overall dimensions to less than 150 mm. At the third step the wastes of the second and the third group are supplied to horizontal crushing plant to decrease their volume. At the fourth step, lime is added to wastes obtained in horizontal crushing plant. Moulding of round briquettes is performed at high pressure and temperature and their drying so that final product is obtained with diametre of 15-30 mm, 30-150 mm long, calorific value of more than 6000 kcal/kg and combustion temperature of more than 1100 deg/C.

EFFECT: simplifying manufacturing procedure of solid fuel from industrial and domestic wastes.

2 cl

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of production of solid fuels made from industrial and domestic waste, which meets the requirements for environmental protection.

State of the art

There are various types of industrial and household waste that need to be recycled, which leads to the need to use very complex and diverse processing technologies.

Among the various types of waste, of particular interest is solid fuel derived from industrial and domestic waste, commonly referred to as RDF (MSW), also known as “alternative fuel”. The main components of solid fuels are wood, paper, canvas, etc.

Solid fuel is obtained after the sorting process, in which all non-combustible components, such as iron, glass, aluminum, inert materials, as well as any other materials not provided for by the rules for the production of solid fuel, including organic fractions and other materials subject to decay, are separated and pressed. into the total mass, producing solid fuel. After that, the solid fuel components are loaded into special waste incinerators with simultaneous generation of energy.

A disadvantage of the described method for producing solid fuel is that the waste incinerator implementing it is damaged due to poor quality of use of solid fuel. In addition, such burning of specific garbage requires a constant temperature at which burning occurs, which is very difficult to maintain, since the introduction of various wastes with different calorific values leads to an undesirable change in the temperature of the burning of wastes. To this day, this problem has often been solved due to the fact that more additional energy carriers were used for combustion.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a method for the production of solid fuel made from waste, which includes pre-sorting and processing of the initial garbage with the separation of the fraction of soft garbage containing organic residues, grinding this fraction, mixing with crushed coal, adding fat-containing residues, such as bleaching earth, compaction of the mixture into briquettes, their subsequent burning (RF patent No. 2109035 C1, C10L 5/46, publ. 04/20/1998).

The disadvantage of the described method is the complex technology for the production of solid fuels made from waste.

An object of the invention is the expansion of functionality, simplification of the production technology of solid fuels made from industrial and household waste.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method for the production of solid fuel made from industrial and household waste consists in the fact that, at the first stage, industrial and household waste are sorted into three groups: the first group contains large-sized metal objects, cords and hazardous substances that are removed from the total mass of the original objects for the manufacture of solid fuels and subsequently disposed of; the second group contains bulky industrial and household waste; the third group contains waste that is less than 150 mm in overall dimensions; at the second stage, the first stage of processing industrial and household waste is carried out to reduce their overall dimensions less than 150 mm, while the waste of the second group is placed in a screw crusher; at the third stage, the second stage of processing industrial and household waste is carried out, during which the waste of the second and third groups is fed to a horizontal breaking plant to reduce their volume; at the fourth stage, lime is added to the waste obtained in a horizontal batching unit, then round briquettes are molded at high pressure and temperature, the obtained round briquettes are dried to form the final product with a diameter of 15-30 mm, a length of 30-150 mm, and calorific value over 6000 kcal / kg and a combustion temperature of over 1100 degrees / C.

The horizontal breaker is a horizontal crusher in a rotary hammer system.

A method for the production of solid fuels made from industrial and household waste can be carried out as follows.

In the first and second stages, industrial and household waste to be recycled are sorted into three groups. First, using a machine containing magnets, all large-sized metal objects, cords, stones, household electrical goods, metals and hazardous substances (such as household chemicals, solvents, gasoline, kerosene, etc.) are removed from industrial and household waste, which are subsequently disposed of . These large-sized metal objects, cords, stones, household electrical goods, metals and hazardous substances (such as household chemicals, solvents, gasoline, kerosene, etc.) comprise the first group. The second group contains bulky and packaged garbage, such as heavy and light objects, cardboard, paper, wood, packaged food waste, etc. Then, industrial and household waste, comprising the second group, fall into the screw crusher, in which the first stage of processing of bulky and packed garbage occurs. The third group contains waste that does not need further breaking or cutting. This is the remaining waste that is smaller than 150 mm in size.

At the third stage of solid fuel production, the second stage of processing industrial and household waste occurs. The waste of the second group obtained after breaking in a screw crusher, and the waste of the third group fall into a horizontal crushing (grinding) plant. A horizontal breaker is a horizontal crusher in a rotary hammer system in which a second breakdown of waste occurs to reduce volume.

Next, the fourth stage of obtaining solid fuel begins. At this stage, lime is added to the waste obtained in the horizontal breaking unit. After the waste is mixed with lime, they are formed into round briquettes at high pressure (1-2 atm) and high temperature (600-800 ° C). Then, the obtained round briquettes are dried, after which the resulting product can be used as solid fuel. The resulting product, namely solid fuel, is a product with a diameter of 15-30 mm, a length of 30-150 mm, a calorie content of over 6000 kcal / kg and a combustion temperature of over 1100 deg / C.

The fuel produced by the method according to the invention is preferably used in combustion plants, the operation of which is accompanied by the generation of energy (i.e. in power plants, heating plants or in small heating plants). The negative environmental impact of solid fuel combustion (RDF) is relatively low compared to the incineration of industrial and domestic waste.

Among the advantages of solid fuel (RDF) can also be attributed to its constant (unchanged) calorific value and standard form. This simplifies the control and management of combustion processes; from the very beginning, high-quality combustion is ensured. In this case, combustion is practically non-waste. Utilization of waste by making solid fuels from industrial and household waste, as well as its subsequent burning (instead of burning directly industrial and household waste themselves) is one of the most effective ways of processing industrial and household waste.

Claims (2)

1. The method of production of solid fuel made from industrial and household waste, which consists in the fact that at the first stage sorting of industrial and household waste into three groups is carried out: the first group contains bulky metal objects, cords and hazardous substances that are removed from the total mass of the original facilities for the manufacture of solid fuels and subsequently disposed of; the second group contains bulky industrial and household waste; the third group contains waste that is less than 150 mm in overall dimensions; at the second stage, the first stage of processing industrial and household waste is carried out to reduce their overall dimensions less than 150 mm, while the waste of the second group is placed in a screw crusher; at the third stage, the second stage of processing industrial and household waste is carried out, during which the waste of the second and third groups is fed to a horizontal breaking plant to reduce their volume; at the fourth stage, lime is added to the waste obtained in a horizontal batching unit, then round briquettes are molded at high pressure and temperature, the obtained round briquettes are dried to form the final product with a diameter of 15-30 mm, a length of 30-150 mm, and calorific value over 6000 kcal / kg and a combustion temperature in excess of 1100 ° C. 2. A method for the production of solid fuels made from industrial and household waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal breaking unit is a horizontal crusher according to a rotating hammer system.