RU2401242C1 - Winch - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: winch drum drive is built in drum inner space and represents a geared drum. Geared drum consists of several planetary mechanism coaxially and consecutively engaged so that last stage pinion frame engages with winch housing. Differential with manual self-braking drive is arranged between geared drum and drive motor, said differential being driven both manually and pneumatically. Motor and all other electrical equipment is arranged outside the direct irradiation zone, all mechanisms extensions outside the winch housing are properly sealed.

EFFECT: simple design, higher reliability.

8 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to lifting and handling equipment and can be used to reload a block with an active zone (AZ) of a nuclear reactor that has fully or partially exhausted a resource, both with spent fuel assemblies (SFA), and without them, on ships with a nuclear steam generating unit (APPU) .

A well-known winch (Ed. By I.I. Artobolevsky. Polytechnical Dictionary. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia - 1976 - 251 p.), Made with a drum, gearbox and electric motor, designed for loading and unloading.

The disadvantage of this winch is its large dimensions due to the separate placement of the gearbox and drum.

Known traction winch with a planetary gear (RU No. 63791, B66D 1/22, publ. 2007), containing a rope drum mounted on the planetary gear housing, a carrier installed in the gear cover on bearings.

The disadvantage of this winch is its significant dimensions due to the fact that the rope drum is installed on the planetary gear housing.

Known motor drum Shabalin-Rekunova (RU No. 2271990, B66D 1/22, publ. 2006), consisting of two bearings, a flange motor, a planetary, multi-threaded gearbox, located inside the drum body, the support axle of the gearbox leading outward from the gearbox it is rigidly connected to the first support of the drum, while the carrier is equipped with a second support pin extending into the drum, the gear housing and the drum are supported on both of these support pins, and it is possible to place the engine both in the external and internal arrangement.

The disadvantage of this motor drum is its use without an alternative manual drive to complete the work in emergency in the event of a power outage.

Known transport and reloading container for overloading the core of a nuclear reactor (RU No. 2157008, G21C 19/10, publ. 2000), containing a winch with automatic capture, capture drive, control device for moving the capture, control device and limit the effort on the capture, device for adjusting the tension of the rope and control of the capture stopper.

The disadvantage of the winch of the specified transport-reloading container is that the design and dimensions of the winch require additional work to create a transport corridor of the vessel when installing the container on the reactor. In an emergency, when the winch is de-energized, the possibility of completing the operation of overloading the unit with the active zone, in particular in the area of direct radiation, is excluded, in addition, the winch body is made in an unpressurized version.

The technical task of the invention is to develop the design of the winch with minimizing its size, ensuring the tightness of the winch body and the possibility of completing the operation of overloading the unit with the core when the winch is de-energized, ensuring radiation and nuclear safety.

When using the proposed invention can be obtained, in particular, the following technical results:

- reduction in size;

- tightness of the execution of the cavity of the winch body;

- the use of an alternative (manual) drive for moving the gripper to the electromechanical in the event of a power outage during the raising and lowering of the unit with AZ;

- improvement of safety measures;

- improvement of radiation and nuclear safety;

- remote control of all operations to raise and lower the winch unit with an active zone;

- fixation of the entangled state of capture with the fungus block with AZ;

- issuing to the console information about the engagement of the capture with the fungus of the block with AZ;

- control of the entangled state of capture with a fungus block with AZ;

- continuous monitoring on the console for information about the load and movement of the gripper with a block with AZ;

- automatic throwing of brackets on the crane hook.

This problem is solved in that the winch comprises a housing, an automatic grip, a grip drive, a grip movement control device, a grip force limiting control device, a rope tension control device and a grip stopper control, according to the invention, a drum rotation drive part is integrated in its internal cavity and represents a drum gearbox (multi-stage gearbox), consisting of several, for example three, planetary gears, interconnected coaxially and sequentially with the closure by driving the last-stage mechanism onto the casing to reduce the winch size, a differential between the drum gear and the electric motor is integrated in the chain with a manual self-braking drive, driven by both a pneumatic drive and manually, with the possibility of completing the lifting and lowering of the unit with the core in case blackouts and to increase reliability in operation, to ensure radiation safety, the electric motor and all electrical equipment are installed outside the zone of direct radiation cheniya, all outputs are mechanisms outside the body a winch provided with a seal to ensure a tight seal, winch remote control is equipped with a remote control operation.

Preferably, the electromechanical capture drive is performed with an electric motor with a brake, a cylindrical gear transmission, a differential with wheels, a shaft, bevel wheels and a coupling with a drive shaft.

It is advisable to brake the electromechanical capture drive motor normally closed.

Preferably, the manual drive is made with integrated gear cylindrical wheels, a worm gear pair, a differential with wheels, a shaft, bevel wheels, and a coupling with a drive shaft.

It is desirable that the worm gear pair of the manual drive be self-braking.

It is advisable to increase the reliability of fixing the chain of the manual drive when operating from an electric drive to install a latch acting on the spur gear.

Preferably, the latch acting on the spur gear is spring loaded.

To ensure safety and radiation safety, it is advisable to introduce a device for automatically throwing staples on the crane hook.

The technical result consists in the fact that to reduce the size of the winch, due to its placement in the specified dimensions of the transport-reloading container for reloading the unit with the core of the nuclear reactor, a part of the drum rotation drive is built into its internal cavity and is a multi-stage gearbox consisting of several for example, three planetary mechanisms interconnected coaxially and sequentially with the closure of the carrier of the last stage mechanism on the body.

The tightness of the cavity of the winch body is achieved by sealing all the exits of the mechanisms outside the winch body, which makes it possible to evacuate the assembly with the container body, ensuring the exclusion of radioactive aerosol emissions and thereby improving radiation and nuclear safety.

To ensure the completion of the operation of raising and lowering the unit with АЗ in the event of a power outage in the circuit between the electric motor and the drum-gear, a differential with a manual self-locking drive is built in, driven by both a pneumatic drive and manually.

The fixation of the entangled state of capture and the monitoring of the entangled state of capture with the fungus of the block with AZ (the fungus being the accessory of the adapter installed on the block with AZ before unloading) are provided by the introduction of the capture stop control device, which fixes the capture in the closed position with the transfer of information to the remote control and a visual observation scale located on the winch body. In addition, a gripping position control device and a force control device have been introduced. The readings of these devices are also displayed on the aforementioned remote control and the corresponding scales on the winch body for visual observation.

To ensure safety and radiation safety, a device has been introduced for automatically throwing staples on the crane hook. At the same time, information about the process of stapling the staples on the crane hook enters the remote control. For visual observation, the brackets and crane hook are clearly visible. In addition, all the electrical equipment of the devices and the electric motor are installed outside the zone of direct radiation and have access to maintenance and repair. The winch operation control panel has been moved outside the hardware room.

The invention is illustrated by the diagram shown in the drawing, which shows the kinematic diagram of the winch.

The winch (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1, a drum-gearbox 2 with a rope-laying device 117, an electromechanical gripper drive 3, a manual drive 4, a gripper 5 automatic, a movement control device 6 of the gripper 5, a force control device 7 on the gripper 5, a stopper control device 8 capture 5, a device for throwing staples 9 on the hook 10 of the crane.

The winch housing 1 is a rectangular box with the base of the plate 11 having a rectangular window 12 with dimensions somewhat larger than the drum gear 2, a shelf 13 with through holes for fastening to the container body 14 (holes and fasteners not shown).

On the upper surface of the housing 1 there are two longitudinal ribs 15 located parallel to the longitudinal axis of symmetry.

In the longitudinal ribs 15 are made, in particular, two through holes 16 symmetrically to the longitudinal walls of the housing 1, coaxially made, in particular, two through holes 17 and 18 to support the drum gear 2.

In the housing 1 of the winch, the openings 18 are intended for the control device for moving the gripper 6, the device for controlling the forces 7 on the gripper 5 and the control device for the stopper 8 of the gripper 5.

The drum-reducer 2 is made in the form of a cylinder, on the outer surface of which there are semicircular grooves 20 and 21 of the right and left directions, respectively, for the power cable 22 and grooves 23 of a smaller size of the right direction for the cable 24 of the control device of the stopper 8 of the capture 5.

To prevent the exit of two branches of the power cable 22 and cable 24 of the control device of the stopper 8 of the capture 5 from their grooves while they are being unwound from the drum-reducer 2 or wound on it in the housing 1, a rope-laying machine 117 is fixed. The rope-laying machine 117 consists of an axis 118 on which it is mounted three conical rollers: two (extreme) conical rollers 123 connected to the counterweight 126, and a conical roller 124 connected to the counterweight 125.

In the cavity (drum) of the drum-gearbox 2, for example, three planetary gears 25, 26, 27 are placed, connected to each other sequentially coaxially with the axis of the drum, while the carrier of the planetary gear 27 is closed to the winch body 1.

The drum gear 2 is driven by a drive shaft 28 from an electromechanical drive 3 capture 5 or manual drive 4.

The electromechanical drive 3 of the gripper 5 consists of a housing 29 of an electric motor 30 with normally-closed brakes 119, a spur gear 31, 32 of a differential gear 120 with wheels 33, 34, 35, a shaft 36, bevel wheels 37, 38 and a coupling 39 with a drive shaft 28. The electromechanical drive 3 of the capture 5 is installed and secured to the base plate 11 of the housing 1 of the winch.

Manual drive 4 is a housing 40 with integrated spur gears 41, 42, a self-braking worm gear pair 43, 44, a differential 120 with wheels 35, 34, 33, a shaft 36, bevel wheels 37, 38 and a coupling 39 with a drive shaft 28 .

The spring-loaded latch 45 during manual operation (from the manual drive 4) is disengaged from the wheel 42 and interacts with the limit switch 46, blocks the inclusion of the electromechanical drive 3, and when working from the electromechanical drive 3, together with the self-locking worm gear pair 43, 44 additionally locks the manual circuit drive 4 from turning.

For manual work on the shafts 47 and 48, squares are made.

The housing 40 of the manual actuator 4 is installed and secured to the housing of the electromechanical actuator 3.

The gripper 5 is a housing 49 made in the form of a round plate with a through hole 50 in the center and radial through holes (for example, three) 51 for accommodating the spring-loaded gripping elements 52 with rotary sleeves 53, and is equipped with a block suspension 54 including a bracket with two built-in blocks 55 and 56 for connecting the gripper 5 to the winch drum gear 2 by means of a power cable 22 and the block 57 of the control device of the stopper 8 of the grab 5 for connecting the stop 58 to the winch drum 2 tion of the rope 24.

The block suspension 54 is fixed to the grip housing 49. On the housing 49, guides 59 with rollers 60 are installed to provide a grip direction 5 when the passage passes in the container body 14 in the area of the slide gate valve (not shown), while the rollers 60 also provide safety due to rolling anticorrosive coating of the inner surface of the container body 14, the guides 59 also serve as stops in the extreme upper position of the grip 5.

The position control device 6 of the gripper 5 is a gearbox 61 with spur gears, a rack and pinion mechanism 62 with limit switches 63 and 64, which turn off the electromechanical drive 3 when the gripper 5 is in the upper and lower positions, respectively.

The sensor 65, which provides signals with information about the position of the gripper 5 to the remote control, and the scale 66 mounted on the housing 1, with an arrow 67 are designed to visually monitor the position of the gripper 5. The mechanism of the control device for moving 6 of the gripper 5 is driven by a gear drum 2 and is attached to the winch body 1.

The force control device 7 comprises a rotary axis 68, an eccentrically movable leveling block 69 and a lever 70 mounted thereon, a rack and pinion mechanism 71 with a gear 72 and a force sensor 73 giving a signal to the remote control about the load on the grip 5, arrow 74 and scale 75, installed on the housing 1, and showing the load on the grip 5 for visual observation, and limit switches 76 to turn off the winch in the position "load less than the mass of capture" and 77 to turn off in the position "load more permissible".

The force control device 7 is mounted in the housing 1 of the winch. The equalization block 69 is connected by a cable 22 through blocks 55 and 56, block suspension 54 of the capture 5 with the drum-gear 2.

The control device for the stopper 8 of the capture 5 consists of a housing 78, a shaft 79, a block 80, a rack mechanism 81, a pneumatic actuator 82 for lifting the stopper 58 through the block 57, a manual drive 83 for lifting the stopper 58, control cable 24, a mechanical pointer, consisting of a scale 84 and an arrow 85, and an electrical signal sensor, consisting of limit switches 86, 87 and 88, which transmit information to the remote control about the status of the locking stop 5, corresponding to the inscriptions on the scale 84 of the mechanical pointer. The mechanical pointer, consisting of a scale 84 and arrows 85, is intended for visual observation of the state of the capture stopper and control cable (cable) 24.

The device for casting the brackets 9 onto the crane hook 10, made automatically, comprises brackets 19 that rotate on the axles 89, which are installed in the through holes 16 and are fixedly mounted in the longitudinal ribs 15 of the housing 1, designed to ensure safety and radiation safety.

In the brackets 19, rollers 90 are installed with some axis offset relative to the axis of symmetry of the bracket to create a tilting moment.

The brackets 19 are connected by rollers 90 via horizontal grooves 91 to the base plate 92. Two hollow guides 93 are fixed to the bottom surface of the base plate 92, sliding along two guide racks 94. In the racks 94 springs 95 are installed, for example, Belleville springs, with guide rods 96 balancing the mass staples 19 at their angles of inclination with some great effort, since when mixing-breeding staples 19, the vertical component of the force action also changes.

A mechanism is fixed to the lower surface of the base plate 92 and to the upper surface of the winch body 1, which fixes and holds the brackets 19 in the reduced or divorced positions. The mechanism is a finger 97, mounted on the lower surface of the base plate 92, with a freely rotating sleeve 98 made with short and long grooves 99 and 100, respectively, in particular blind, a hollow guide 101 with a stop 102, mounted on the housing 1. Interaction of the stop 102 with short and long grooves 99 and 100 provides retention of brackets 19 in a diluted or reduced position, respectively. The bevels 103, made as chamfers of the grooves, when the base plate 92 moves upward by the action of the springs 95 or downward by the mass of the crane hook 10 rotates the rotary sleeve 98.

To orient the installation of the hook 10 of the crane on the base plate 92 installed guide rods 105 and 104.

To provide information on the remote control about the state of the device for automatic throwing staples 19 introduced limit switches.

The limit switch 106 is activated when the crane hook 10 is correctly installed on the base plate 92 from the spring-loaded mechanism when the crane hook 10 acts on the shaft 121 when it is planted on the base plate 92.

The limit switch 107 signals to the remote control that the brackets 19 are divorced and are in the initial position.

The limit switch 108 signals to the remote control about the complete (maximum) dilution (disclosure) of the staples 19.

The limit switch 109 signals to the remote control that the brackets 19 are thrown over.

The winch operates as follows. In the initial position, the winch is mounted on the container body 14 and is fixedly mounted.

The brackets 19 are divorced and the stop 102 is in the short groove 99, the power is supplied, the adapter 111 is installed on the block with AZ, the fungus 110 is installed in the adapter 111, the gripper 5 is in the container body 14 in its highest position in the open form, while the finger 116 is in the short groove 114 of the rotary sleeve 53 of the gripping element 52.

On a scale 75 of the force control device 7, an arrow 74 indicates a grip mass 5.

On the scale 84 of the stop control device 8, arrow 85 shows the state of the catch stop 5 “top stop”. On the scale 66 of the device for controlling the movement (position) 6 of the capture 5, the arrow 67 is at zero.

Similar readings from the corresponding sensors are displayed on the remote control panel.

Container body. 14 with winch mounted on the reactor body. By pressing the start button on the remote control, the gripper 5 electromechanical drive 3 is switched on, the brakes 119 are automatically opened, rotation is transmitted through the wheels 31, 32, 33, 34, shaft 36, while the wheel 35 is stationary, the bevel wheels 37, 38, through the connecting clutch 39, drive shaft 28, planetary gears 25, 26, 27 with the carrier closed to the body, the drum gear 2 rotates, the power cable 22 runs from the center to the periphery (to maintain an acceptable angle of run of the cable from the groove), the cable runs 24, while arrow 67 moves I on scale 66, and shows the location of capture 5, duplicating the amount of displacement indications gripping on the control panel 5 from the sensor 65.

When the gripper 5 is lowered to the lowest position, the limit switch 64 will operate and the electromechanical drive 3 will switch over (automatically) to raise the gripper 5 with a block with AZ. At the same time, when the gripping elements 52 come into contact with the surfaces of the fungus 110 mounted on the adapter 111, the gripper 5 will close.

With the lowest position of the gripper 5 on the scale 75 of the force control device 7, arrow 74 will show the load less than the mass of the gripper 5, but more than zero. During the subsequent lifting and coupling of the gripper 5 with the fungus 110 on the scale 84 of the stopper control device 8, arrow 85 will show the state of the stopper 58 of the grip 5 "bottom stopper", as the stopper 58 is sliding along the surface of the gripping element 52 under the action of the spring 122 when combined with a recess in the form the stopper slots 112 on the gripping member 52 automatically fall into it and locking the gripping member 52.

Similar readings from the respective sensors are displayed on the remote control.

In this case, the rotary sleeve 53 of the gripping element 52 rotates due to the contact of the bevels 115 of the grooves with the finger 116 and the fixed finger 116 goes into the long groove 113, thereby allowing the gripping element 52 to move to the center to close the gripper 5. Upon further lifting of the gripper 5 with the block with AZ to its highest position, the gripper 5 should not touch the guides 59 of the lower surface of the winch body 1, since the end switch 63 will operate and the electromechanical drive 3 will turn off. In case of failure of the limit switch 63, the gripper 5 by the guides 59 will rest against the lower end of the housing 1 and the limit switch 77 of the force control device 7 will trip and turn off the motor 30, if the limit switch 77 does not work, the motor 30 will automatically stop according to its internal current protection signals .

At the same time, on a scale 75, arrow 74 will show the load on the grip 5, and information from the end switch 77 and the force sensor 73 will be displayed on the remote remote control.

In the event of a power outage, to complete the operation of raising (lowering) the block with AZ, the provided manual drive 4 operates both from the rotation of the shaft 47 or the shaft 48 manually and from the pneumatic drive to raise the gripper 5 by rotating the shaft 48, to lower the gripper 5 by rotating the shaft 47, (taking into account the fact that domestic pneumatic machines rotate in only one direction, and when rotating manually when lifting, it is necessary to reduce the effort on the handle).

When using a manual drive, work is carried out in the following sequence:

The latch 45 rises, while it is disengaged from the gear wheel 42, disables the electric motor 30 by acting on the limit switch 46, the shaft 47 or the shaft 48 rotates, the worm 43, the worm wheel 44, the bevel wheel 35, the bevel wheels 34, while the bevel the wheel 33 is stationary when the engine is turned off and braked by using the brakes 119, the shaft 36, the bevel wheels 37, 38 and further, as well as from the electric drive to the drum gear 2.

When the capture position 5 with the block with AZ in the highest position and the closed and sealed slide gate valve (not shown in Fig. 1) is evacuated the cavities of the container body 14 and the winch to ensure radiation safety, namely the release of aerosols in case of heating the air volume in the cavities .

Then the staples 19 are thrown over the crane hook 10. The crane hook 10 is lowered onto the base plate 92, being guided by the guide rods 105 and 104 protruding from the plate, and presses the rod 121, and the limit switch 106 is triggered and gives a “hook in the zone” signal on the remote control. Next, the crane hook 10 is lowered together with the base plate 92 until the limit switch 108 is triggered and the signal on the remote control “staples are completely divorced”. At the same time, the rotating sleeve 98 with short and long grooves 99 and 100, respectively, sitting on a finger 97 fixed to the bottom surface of the base plate 92, under the influence of the stop 102 hollow guide 101, fixedly mounted on the housing 1, will be rotated by an angle due to the bevels 103 grooves and, coming out of the short groove 99, will enter the long groove 100.

When lifting the crane hook 10 under the influence of the springs 95, the base plate 92 rises, the brackets 19 synchronously with the lifting of the crane hook 10 converge to the center and hold position until the limit switch 109 is triggered and the signal on the console is “braced”.

Claims (8)

1. A winch comprising a housing, an automatic grip, a grip drive, a grip movement control device, a grip force limiting control device, a rope tension control device and a grip stop control device, characterized in that a part of the drum rotation drive is built into its internal cavity and is gear drum, consisting of several, for example, three, planetary mechanisms, interconnected coaxially and sequentially with the closure of the carrier of the last stage mechanism on the body for the mind to reduce the winch size, a differential with a manual self-braking drive is built in the chain between the drum gear and the electric motor, driven by both a pneumatic drive and manually, with the possibility of completing the lifting and lowering of the unit with the core in the event of a power outage and to increase operational reliability , to ensure radiation safety, the electric motor and all electrical equipment are installed outside the zone of direct radiation, all the outputs of the mechanisms outside the winch body are filled with a seal to ensure tightness; the winch is equipped with an external operation control panel. 2. The winch according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromechanical gripping drive is made with an electric motor with a brake, a cylindrical gear differential with wheels, a shaft, bevel wheels and a coupling with a drive shaft. 3. The winch according to claim 2, characterized in that the brake of the electric motor of the electromechanical gripping drive is normally closed. 4. The winch according to claim 1, characterized in that the manual drive is made with built-in gear cylindrical wheels, a worm gear pair, a differential with wheels, a shaft, bevel wheels and a coupling with a drive shaft. 5. The winch according to claim 4, characterized in that the worm gear pair of the manual drive is self-braking. 6. The winch according to claim 4, characterized in that to increase the reliability of fixing the chain of the manual drive when operating from an electric drive, a latch is installed that acts on the spur gear. 7. The winch according to claim 6, characterized in that the latch acting on the spur gear is spring loaded. 8. The winch according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to ensure safety and radiation safety, a device for automatically throwing staples onto the crane hook is introduced.