RU2400975C2 - Fish farm water system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: system includes ground insulated water tanks, water-distribution pipelines between the tanks to fish pools and back, pumps, and also aeration and water treatment plants. The water tanks are buried partially and climatic-proof at the top. The tanks have a conical bottom with a cone angle providing maximum water circulation for solid discharge. The aeration and physical and chemical treatment plants are arranged on the water-distribution pipelines. Water intake tubes are supplied with coupled automatic vertical travel mechanisms and water quality monitors.

EFFECT: higher reliability and overall performance of the fish farm water system.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fish farming, and in particular to devices of closed water supply systems designed for year-round fish farming in fish farms, especially in hatcheries.

The known system [Auth. testimonial. USSR 494156, class A01K 61/00, op. 1973] water supply for open-type fish hatcheries, which are partially buried in the ground. The system contains spirally located channels communicating with each other and equipped with water conduits for creating water flows in the channels in opposite directions. This water supply system allows you to create a continuous controlled flow of water in the canals of the basin, which improves the ripening conditions of producers of migratory fish. However, this system has a complex structure, which reduces its reliability, and the lack of thermoregulation means in it does not allow for the cultivation of both spring and autumn spawning fish.

Also known [US Pat. USA 294513, class NKI 199-3, op. 1960] a water supply system for a hatchery in which all hatcheries are built into the natural coastal elevation. The system includes water tanks insulated in the ground with heat exchangers, pipelines for supplying water from the tanks to fish tanks and returning it, pumps, as well as aeration and water treatment facilities. The walls of the tanks are made of heat-insulating material, and the main part of the building structure is placed under the earthen cover, which ensures thermostating of the tanks. However, such a system is not applicable for fish farms with large production capacities, in particular for fish farms, since the construction of a structure underground increases its cost significantly, and the operation is associated with the complexity of external transport operations. In addition, for breeding fish with different breeding season in such a structure, large energy inputs are required to maintain the required temperatures in fish-breeding pools.

Also known is the water supply system for fish-breeding pools of the open type [US Pat. RF No. 2004106000 “Fish protection head”, IPC A01K 61/00, op. 08/10/2005] and the Biocomplex of Muravsky V.A. [US Pat. RF №2184440, op. 07/10/2002; No. 93016191 "Installation of fish farming with a closed water supply system with a capacity of 200 tons / year", op. 05/20/1995], in which all fish-breeding structures are located above the surface of the reservoir. All these systems, however, are limited in terms of potential capacity, since they are dependent on climatic influences to varying degrees, and they do not provide for the management of the composition and quality of water. In general, the principles of temperature control (the need to reduce the volume of water) and water treatment (the need to increase the volume) in such systems due to volume dependence.

The prototype of the invention [Auth. testimonial. USSR 982614, class A01K 61/00, op. December 27, 1982] is a water supply system for hatcheries in which water tanks insulated in the ground are located below the level of hatcheries and connected to the atmosphere through mines. At the pipelines for returning water to the tanks, spray nozzles are installed. The heat exchanger of one of the tanks is equipped with a pipe for connecting it to the artesian water supply system and is connected through a control valve to the spray nozzle of the same tank. The heat exchanger of the other tank is located outside it in the groundwater zone, connected to the tank by a water intake pipe and connected to a pipeline for supplying water from this tank to the fish tanks.

In this system, water tanks insulated in soil with pipelines and heat exchangers are located underground below the seasonal freezing layer. This provides thermostating and thermal stabilization of water in them for the cultivation of both spring and autumn spawning fish in land-based fish breeding facilities at hatcheries.

The disadvantage of this system is the high cost of building and operating underground tanks with mines and heat exchangers, which reduce its reliability, as well as the high energy consumption for supplying water to above-ground fish breeding structures, which reduces the overall performance.

The tasks facing the authors of the invention are to reduce the cost of construction and operation of the system, increasing the reliability and efficiency of its work.

This problem is solved by constructing a special device for the water supply system of fish farms, the reservoirs of which are deepened into the soil and have a calculated bottom taper.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that a water supply system for fish farms was created, including water tanks insulated in the ground, pipelines for supplying water from the tanks to the fish tanks and returning it, pumps, as well as aeration and water purification means, the water tanks being buried in partially and in the upper part of the soil, they are thermally insulated from climatic influences, they have a conical bottom, the taper angle of which ensures maximum water circulation for sludge spillway, on pipelines To supply water to them, there are means of its aeration and physico-chemical treatment, and their intake pipes are equipped with interconnected automatic vertical movement devices and water quality sensors.

These water tanks in their lower part are buried in the soil below the seasonal freezing layer of the soil, where its thermal conductivity is constant, and it is a stable heat insulator.

In addition, in their upper part, the tanks are thermally insulated from climatic effects by insulating materials. The tanks have a conical bottom. The bottom taper angle corresponds to the slope of its surface (in degrees) with respect to the horizontal surface of the water. This angle provides maximum water circulation for sludge discharge. In hydraulic structures, it is tested by trial operation and does not need a calculation justification. In principle, the bottom taper can be any, and can be, for example, from 15 to 140 degrees, however, by analogy with continuous settling tanks for energy and irrigation purposes, the bottom taper angle is about 45 degrees.

Tanks on pipelines for supplying water to them contain means for its aeration and physico-chemical treatment in the form of a complex of modern devices. The intake pipes in the tanks are equipped with automatic vertical movement devices controlled by water quality sensors, for the intake of clean water above the level of sedimentation of the precipitated suspension and its complete removal from the bottom at the outlet.

Thus, the tanks are buried in the soil to a depth of not less than 2 m, where the degree of thermal insulation should be considered as the minimum possible for all parts of the tanks.

The volume of filling with water of each tank provides a heat transfer gradient with the environment of not more than 0.1 ° C / month. for stable off-season water supply to fish-breeding pools (during the period between growing seasons, up to a maximum of 10 months) with a permissible temperature difference of up to 1 ° С. As the tank volume increases, the heat transfer gradient with the environment progressively decreases.

For the effective operation of aeration and physico-chemical water treatment pipelines to supply it to the tanks, the level of their water filling should be at a distance of at least 2 m from the inner (ceiling) surface of the roof of the tanks.

This solution reduces the cost of building and operating the system, increasing its reliability and operating efficiency by optimizing the location, design and volume of tanks. Due to this, accessibility of equipment for operation and repair, as well as a single level of water filling in the entire system is achieved. There is no need for buried heat exchangers and shafts, and with an increase in the volume of tanks, additional means of thermoregulation and water purification are also needed.

The drawing shows a diagram of a water supply system for fish farms.

This water supply system contains at least two sump tanks 1 and 2, which are partially buried in the ground. Their volume provides a heat transfer gradient of water constantly circulating in them with an external environment of not more than 0.1 ° C / month, which eliminates the need for additional means of thermoregulation. The performed thermophysical calculations (Table 1) show that such a heat transfer gradient (0.1-0.76 ° C / month) can be ensured by the year-round operation of the tank with a volume of at least 10,000 m ³ at a typical hatchery.

The reservoirs in their lower underground part are buried in the ground below the layer of seasonal freezing of the soil, i.e. at least 2 m. In their upper part, the tanks are thermally insulated from climatic influences, for example, by placing them under a layer of bulk soil with a thickness of 2 m or more (tank 1), or inside a building structure (tank 2), with the premises of which they are connected by passages 3, providing reliability of the tanks (their maintenance and repair, ventilation, equalization of pressure, temperature, etc.).

The reservoirs are connected with the fish tanks 4 and 5, auxiliary water treatment 6 using the piping system 7 and water return 8, provided with the corresponding pumps and valves 9.

The return of water from the fish tanks 4 and 5 is carried out through pipelines 8 for returning water, which contain aeration and physicochemical water treatment equipment 11 near the final spray nozzles 10. Such an arrangement of these means 11 at the active points of the pipelines makes it possible to quickly homogenize and disperse water treatment products without their preliminary interaction and decontamination. As such means of water treatment, modern equipment complexes can be used that combine various aeration systems, for example, nozzle and ejector systems, with all the variety of available water treatment, quality and composition of fish farming media, up to so-called “broth media” in microbiology, for example, critical salinity 5-8 ‰ in fish farming. Their use in this combination will allow to effectively realize the possibilities of hydroconditioning and adaptive potentials of fish breeding sites.

The lower buried parts of the tanks have a bottom taper angle depending on their shape and volume, which ensures maximum water circulation during outlet for the most complete removal of settled sediment, which rushes towards the center of the tank under the action of centripetal vortex forces. To this end, the central water intake pipes on the pipelines for supplying water from the tanks 12 are equipped with automatic vertical movement devices controlled by water quality sensors (13). Their location (12), as well as the direction of their movements in tanks 1 and 2, can be multidirectional.

Depending on the season of natural breeding of farmed fish and the tasks of biotechnology, the water supply system works according to one of the following options, which can be carried out simultaneously on the same fish farm at any time of the year. In these variants of the system, as well as the entire biotechnology of the fish farm, the principles of managing the reproduction of commercial fish, formulated in the invention "Method of reproducing fish populations" [Auth. testimonial. USSR 682197, class A01K 61/00, op. 1979].

When growing spawning and / or reserving spring spawning fish, tank 1 is filled with water at a temperature of 3-7 ° C in the cold season. From the tank 1, water is supplied to the suction head, located above the sedimentation sedimentation level, through the intake pipe 12 into the pipeline 7, from where, using pumps and control valves 9, it flows through its main line to fish tanks 4 and 5, aeration and water purification 6. After production use, water from fish tanks 4 and 5 is fed through line 8 to a complex of devices for controlling the quality and composition of water 11, from where it is discharged by gravity through spray nozzles 10 into the source tank.

When growing spring spawning and reserving autumn spawning fish, tank 2 is filled with water at a temperature of 9-15 ° C in the warm season. From the reservoir 2, water is supplied to the suction head, located above the sedimentation sedimentation level, through the intake pipe 12 into the pipeline 7, from where, using pumps and control valves 9, it flows through its main line to fish tanks 4 and 5, aeration and water purification 6. After production use, water from fish breeding pools 4 and 5 flows through pipeline 8 for processing to a set of water quality and composition management tools 11, from where it is gravity-discharged to the source tank through spray nozzles 10 ar 2.

When growing and reserving autumn- and spring-spawning fish, other ways of using tanks are possible, for example, supplying water to hatchery pools 4 and 5 from tanks 1 and 2 and a natural reservoir with mixing warm and cold water, supplying water from tanks 1 and 2 to water treatment facilities 6 to change its temperature and quality, followed by water supply to fish tanks 4 and 5 and spillway of them through pipelines 8 to an additionally installed buffer tank, etc.

As a specific example of the invention, an embodiment of its full use in a typical Volga-type sturgeon-whitefish fish breeding plant with a capacity of 10 million pieces is given. young per year. For this, two tanks are used, made in the form of reinforced concrete tanks with a diameter of 35.5 m, a height of 10 m and a volume of 10 thousand m ³ each. One of the reservoirs, for example reservoir 1, is filled with cold water with a temperature of not more than 3-7 ° C in the autumn-winter period. Another tank, for example 2, is filled with warm water of 9-15 ° C and above, up to 24-26 ° C in the spring-summer period. To obtain the offspring of the autumn spawning whitefish and to reserve the autumn spawning sturgeons, water is circulated from the tank 1 to the corresponding fish-breeding pools, where the same temperature regime is set, and the water passes sequentially through all the installations of the working equipment through an end-to-end closed system, returning to the tank 1. To obtain the offspring of sturgeon and reserving a white fish, water in fish tanks comes from reservoir 2, returning in the same way. Water flow rate is set to about 23 l / s, therefore, the rate of complete water exchange in each tank is 5 days. This mode of water supply ensures the normal purification of water in the tanks (sedimentation and aeration) and their small heat losses with a gradient of 0.1-0.79 ° C / month.

The use of the invention in fish farms, for example, sturgeon and whitefish factories, allows fish to be raised year-round, as well as to increase the efficiency of all stages of fish farming by optimizing the growing conditions, especially by controlling the quality of the medium, for example, salinity and bioactive substances in water [“Fisheries and fish economy ". 2007. No. 4, p.21-25]. The calculations in Table 1 show that for a sturgeon hatchery with a design capacity of 10 million pieces. when using the invention, its production can be increased to 12-13 million pcs. juveniles even without changing the seasonal schedule of hatcheries.

Claims (2)

1. The water supply system of fish farms, including water tanks insulated in the soil, pipelines for supplying water from the tanks to the fish tanks and returning it, pumps, as well as aeration and water treatment facilities, characterized in that the water tanks are partially buried in the soil and in their upper part they are thermally insulated from climatic influences; they have a conical bottom, the taper angle of which ensures maximum water circulation for sludge spillway, while on pipelines for supplying tanks water, its aeration and physico-chemical treatment facilities are located, and their water intake tubes are equipped with interconnected automatic vertical movement devices and water quality sensors. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the water tanks in its lower part are buried in the ground below the layer of seasonal freezing of the soil.

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