RU2400504C1 - Method of producing bitumen polymer materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing bitumen polymer materials, involving mixing heavy petroleum material and a polymer in a mixer at homogenisation temperature and output of the end product. The polymer used is polyethylene. A graph of melting point and adhesion of the bitumen polymer material versus its composition and a graph of adhesion versus melting point of the bitumen polymer material are plotted and the required ratio of heavy petroleum material and polyethylene is then chosen based on given melting point and/or adhesion from the plotted graphs.

EFFECT: obtaining bitumen polymer materials with predetermined characteristics, cutting on consumption of initial components and reduced power consumption.

2 cl, 4 ex, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of production of bitumen-polymer materials used in road construction, sealing, waterproofing and repair, the manufacture of roofing materials, adhesives, adhesives, mastics, etc.

The introduction of polymers in the composition of bitumen and / or oil residues contributes to the directed modification of individual properties of bitumen, such as ductility, elasticity, a wide temperature range of operation, etc. The most important characteristics of bitumen polymers are their plastic and adhesive properties, which are characterized by softening (glass transition) temperature and adhesion.

Known methods for improving the quality indicators of bitumen by adding polymers to them: polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene propylene polymer, polyvinyl chloride, etc. in amounts from 1 to 15 wt.% [Gun RB Oil bitumen. M .: Chemistry, 1989, p.24, 144].

Also known is a method of producing bitumen from oil residues and polymer wastes [RU 2191797, 10.27.2002, IPC 8 C10C 3/04], according to which film polymer household wastes, polymer bottle scrap, foam and / or organic glass are introduced into oil residues and oxidized or they oxidize and compound with oxidized and residual bitumen, or the specified waste is introduced into oil residues and compound with distillates and oxidized and residual bitumen, or industrial polyvinyl chloride waste is introduced into distillates and compound with oil residue ami.

Common disadvantages of the above methods are:

- significant energy costs;

- lack of uniform cooking rules based on the general theory of the structure of such materials and the universal hardware design of industrial processes;

- the main quality criterion and a controlled parameter is the softening point (glass transition) characterizing the plastic properties of bitumen; the adhesion parameter is taken into account only in individual cases and is not the main one.

A known method of producing a bitumen polymer composition [RU 2177969, 01/10/2002, IPC 8 C08L 95/00], in which 100 parts by weight are mixed. thermoplastic elastomer based on conjugated diene and vinyl aromatic monomer, 70-200 parts by weight bitumen preheated to a temperature of 90-110 ° C, 30-250 wt.h. mineral filler and stirring at a temperature of 70-100 ° C for 10-15 minutes, the resulting mixture is homogenized at a temperature of 130-160 ° C for 10-15 minutes in a screw extruder equipped with a granulating device, cooled with water, having a temperature of 20- 40 ° C, through which the composite mass passes, then the obtained granules of the composition are dried and packaged. At the beginning of mixing, a plasticizer can be added to the composition — industrial or tall oil in the amount of 10-20 parts by weight. per 100 parts by weight specified thermoplastic elastomer. The method allows to simplify the technology for producing a bitumen-polymer composition by eliminating multi-stage and reducing the duration of the process, as well as to obtain a bitumen-polymer composition with high elastic properties in a technologically convenient final form - granules, which simplifies transportation, storage, dosing of the composition, the possibility of its multifunctional use in the manufacture of polymer bitumen binders, roofing materials, mastics, primers.

The known method has the following disadvantages:

- the inability to obtain bitumen polymer material with a predetermined softening temperature and adhesion;

- as a polymer component, expensive rubber and thermoplastic elastomers are used;

- in the process of obtaining only plastic (softening temperature) and low temperature (brittle temperature) properties are controlled, which do not allow taking into account the change in adhesion with a change in the composition of the raw material.

When creating the invention, the task was to obtain bitumen-polymer materials with predetermined characteristics (softening temperature and / or adhesion), which will reduce the cost of the starting components, reduce the cost of working time, reduce energy costs.

The above problem is solved by the method of producing bitumen-polymer materials, including mixing heavy petroleum feedstock and polymer in a mixing device at a homogenization temperature and outputting the finished product, in which according to the invention polyethylene is used as a polymer, while the graphic dependence of the softening temperature and adhesion of the bitumen-polymer material on it is previously set composition and graphical dependence of adhesion on the softening temperature of the bitumen-polymer material, and then, in isimosti from predetermined softening temperature and / or adhesion on the specified graphic dependences selected desired ratio of heavy oil feedstock and polyethylene.

As heavy crude oil use bitumen or tar. The proposed method for producing bitumen polymers with a given softening temperature and / or adhesion is implemented as follows:

- first, preliminary laboratory studies are carried out to establish a graphic dependence of the softening temperature and adhesion of the bitumen polymer on its composition, as well as a graphical dependence of the adhesion of the bitumen polymer on its softening temperature, including the construction of phase diagrams of the state of bitumen polymer materials (Bitumen (oil residue) - Polyethylene system) " Softening point - Concentration of polyethylene "and" Adhesion - Concentration of polyethylene "and / or" Adhesion - Softening temperature "and the choice, depending on predetermined softening temperature and / or adhesion required ratio of polyethylene and bitumen and / or petroleum residue;

- then prepare the bitumen-polymer composition in the apparatus with a mechanical mixing device.

At the stage of preliminary laboratory studies, diagrams of the dependence of the softening temperature on the concentration of polyethylene, adhesion on the concentration of polyethylene and / or adhesion on the softening temperature are built. The determination of the softening temperature is performed by the standard method according to GOST 11506-73 (Determination of the softening temperature by the "Ring and Ball" method). The determination of adhesion is carried out by the method of separation of the substrate (plate) from the melt of the material (adhesive).

On the state diagrams, areas that are separated by critical points are distinguished: the first region is polyethylene in bitumen, the second region is transitional, the third region is bitumen in polyethylene. For this type of raw material, the empirical dependence of adhesion on softening temperature is determined. In accordance with the required plastic and adhesive properties, the optimal composition of the bitumen-polymer composition is determined, which is necessary to obtain a material with a given softening temperature and adhesion.

In the second stage, bitumen is charged into a standard apparatus with a mechanical mixing device for viscous media. The temperature in the apparatus is raised to 180 ° C by heating with steam the appropriate parameters or with electricity. Turn on the mixing device. Next, the calculated amount of polyethylene is crushed (granulated) in portions through the dispenser. Stirring is carried out at a temperature of 180 ° C until a homogeneous mass is formed, but not less than one hour. Next, the resulting product is pumped out by a gear pump into a storage tank (with heating and circulation) or packaged.

This technology has universal application for the production of bitumen polymer materials with predetermined softening points and / or adhesions.

The following are examples of the creation of a bitumen polymer composition, which are illustrated by the accompanying figures (1-6).

Example 1. It is necessary to obtain a bitumen polymer with a softening temperature of at least 100 ° C (373 K) and adhesion of at least 300 N / m.

Example 2. It is necessary to obtain a bitumen polymer with adhesion of at least 1500 N / m and a softening temperature of at least 120 ° C (393 K).

Bitumen polymer compositions with predetermined softening temperature and adhesion are prepared on the basis of residual bitumen of vacuum distillation BN 90/130 manufactured by Ufaneftekhim JSC and high-pressure polyethylene 110862 GOST 1.6337-72.

At the stage of preliminary laboratory studies, phase diagrams of the state of bitumen-polymer materials (the system “Residual Bitumen - Polyethylene”) “Softening point - Concentration of polyethylene” and “Adhesion - Concentration of polyethylene” and / or “Adhesion - Softening point” were built. According to the obtained diagrams, the choice was made, depending on the set softening and / or adhesion temperatures, the required ratio of polyethylene and bitumen.

Figure 1 shows the dependence of the softening temperature of the system "Residual bitumen - Polyethylene" on the concentration of polyethylene. The dependence of the softening temperature of the "Residual Bitumen - Polyethylene" system on the concentration of polyethylene is polyextremal. Two critical points are observed: at a concentration of polyethylene of 10 and 80 wt.%.

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the adhesion of the system "Residual bitumen - Polyethylene" on the concentration of polyethylene. The dependence of the adhesion of the "Residual Bitumen - Polyethylene" system on the concentration of polyethylene also has a polyextremal character. Two critical points are observed: at a concentration of polyethylene of 10 and 80 wt.%.

Figure 3 shows the dependence of the adhesion of the system "Residual bitumen - Polyethylene" from the softening temperature. The dependence of the adhesion of the "Residual Bitumen - Polyethylene" system on the softening temperature also has a polyextremal character and the curve is similar to the dependence "Polyethylene concentration - Adhesion".

To implement example 1, the diagrams in figure 1 and figure 2 are used. To obtain a bitumen polymer with a softening temperature of at least 100 ° C (373 K) and adhesion of at least 300 N / m, it is necessary to take 92 wt.% Residual bitumen and 8 wt.% Polyethylene.

To implement Example 2, the diagrams in FIG. 3, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 were used. According to the diagram in figure 3 it is determined that when the adhesion is 1500 N / m bitumen polymer has a softening temperature of about 127 ° C (400 K), which corresponds to the specified parameters. According to the diagrams in figure 1 and figure 2 it is determined that to obtain a bitumen polymer with adhesion of at least 1500 N / m and a softening temperature of at least 120 ° C (393 K), it is necessary to take 40 wt.% Residual bitumen and 60 wt.% Polyethylene .

At the second stage, in accordance with the compositions of bitumen polymers determined from the phase diagrams, they are produced in a standard apparatus with a mechanical mixing device for viscous media.

Example 3. It is necessary to obtain a bitumen polymer with a softening temperature of at least 85 ° C (358 K) and adhesion of at least 500 N / m.

Example 4. It is necessary to obtain a bitumen polymer with adhesion of at least 400-450 N / m and a softening temperature of at least 75 ° C (348 K).

Bitumen polymer compositions with predetermined softening temperature and adhesion are prepared on the basis of the residual high boiling oil fraction (oil vacuum distillation tar with a boiling point above 400 ° C (673 K), and high-pressure polyethylene grade 110862 GOST 1.6337-72.

At the stage of preliminary laboratory studies, phase diagrams of the state of bitumen-polymer materials (“Tar-Polyethylene” system) “Softening point - Polyethylene concentration” and “Adhesion - Polyethylene concentration” and / or “Adhesion - Softening temperature” were built. According to the obtained diagrams, the choice was made, depending on the set softening and / or adhesion temperatures, the required ratio of polyethylene and tar.

Figure 4 presents the dependence of the softening temperature of the system "Tar - Polyethylene" from the concentration of polyethylene. An obvious critical point is observed at a concentration of polyethylene of 10 wt.%.

Figure 5 shows the dependence of the adhesion of the system "Tar - Polyethylene" on the concentration of polyethylene. An obvious critical point is observed at a concentration of polyethylene of 10 wt.%.

Figure 6 presents the dependence of the adhesion of the system "Tar - Polyethylene" from the softening temperature. The dependence of the adhesion of the system "Tar - Polyethylene" on the softening temperature in the form of a curve is similar to the dependence "Adhesion - Concentration of polyethylene".

To implement Example 3, the diagrams in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 were used. To obtain a bitumen polymer with a softening temperature of at least 85 ° C (358 K) and adhesion of at least 500 N / m, it is necessary to take 90 wt.% Tar and 10 wt.% Polyethylene.

To implement example 4, the diagrams in FIG. 6, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 were used. According to the diagram in FIG. 6, it is determined that with adhesion of 400-450 N / m, the bitum polymer has two possible softening temperatures: approximately 75-77 ° C (348-350 K) and 112-113 ° C (385-386 K), which corresponds to the given parameters. According to the diagrams in figure 4 and figure 5 it is determined that a bitumen polymer with adhesion of at least 400-450 N / m can be obtained with the following ratios of tar and polyethylene: the first option is 90.0-90.5 wt.% Tar and 9 , 5-10.0 wt.% Polyethylene, the second option is 60 wt.% Tar and 40 wt.% Polyethylene. For a given softening temperature of at least 75-77 ° C (348-350 K), taking into account the reduction in the cost of the polymeric material, the ratio of components of 90.0-90.5 wt.% Tar and 9.5-10.0 wt.% Polyethylene is determined.

At the second stage, in accordance with the compositions of bitumen polymers determined from the phase diagrams, they are produced in a standard apparatus with a mechanical mixing device for viscous media.

The proposed method allows to obtain bitumen-polymer materials with predetermined softening temperature and adhesion, which allows to reduce the cost of the starting components, reduce the cost of working time and reduce energy costs.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing bitumen-polymer materials, including mixing heavy petroleum feedstock and polymer in a mixing device at a homogenization temperature and outputting the finished product, characterized in that polyethylene is used as a polymer, and the graphic dependence of the softening temperature and adhesion of the bitumen-polymer material on its composition is pre-set and the graphical dependence of adhesion on the softening temperature of the bitumen-polymer material, and then, depending on the set softening temperatures According to the established graphical dependencies, adhesion and / or adhesion select the necessary ratio of heavy crude oil and polyethylene. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that bitumen or tar is used as a heavy oil feedstock.

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