RU2399551C1 - Adaptive floating platform - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ship building and hydro aviation. Adaptive floating platform consists of platform, floats attached thereto to move vertically or in arc-like direction approximating to vertical one. Every float attachment incorporates hydraulic cylinder communicated pipeline and reversing hydraulic pump with adjacent hydraulic cylinders and/or with one or two opposite hydraulic cylinders, or with all remaining hydraulic cylinders. Reversing pumps are driven by gyro transducer located on the platform. Floats are connected with hydraulic cylinder by rigid or flexible links. Valves are arranged on pipelines. Floats movable attachments represent trapezoidal or four-link lever mechanism. Float cross section represents a circle, circle part or gas elongated shape. Float is secured to the platform by two or more attachments. Note here that levers of one attachment are secured by two flat hinges, while the other levers are secured by one flat and one ball joints.

EFFECT: stable position at significant rocking.

11 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to two areas: to ships, mainly displacement, in particular to aircraft carriers, and to the landing gear of aircraft for landing on water.

Catamaran and trimaran type vessels are known, and undercarriage for aircraft is known, consisting of two elongated or three or more floats of a different shape. See, for example, World War II Aircraft. ACT, 2000, p. 176.

The disadvantage of these devices is that when agitated, they are subject to pitching. The pitching negatively affects the crew, cargo and durability of the structure. In particular, pitching interferes with the landing of planes and helicopters on an aircraft carrier, and interferes with the landing of helicopters in the water / they can touch the water screws /.

The essence of the invention is that the adaptive floating platform consists of the platform itself / the hull of the vessel, the fuselage of the aircraft or helicopter /, and two or more floats attached to it, and the fastenings of the floats allow them to move relative to the platform in a vertical or close to vertical arcuate direction. Moreover, each mount has a hydraulic cylinder connected by a pipeline and a reversing pump with two adjacent hydraulic cylinders and / or with one or two opposite hydraulic cylinders / hydraulic cylinders of opposite floats / or with all other hydraulic cylinders / looped line /. All pumps are controlled by a gyroscopic sensor located on the platform.

In this case, the platform itself can be raised above the water or partially immersed in it (for example, trimaran). In the latter case, the effect of gyrostabilization will be partial, or it will be necessary to significantly increase the power of the pumps. In the semi-submerged version, the combined use of hydrodynamic pitching dampers is recommended.

The main meaning of the invention is that with the center of gravity of the platform unchanged, maintaining it in a horizontal position with minimal vertical deviations practically does not require energy consumption. For this, the cross-sectional areas of hydraulic cylinders should be proportional to the platform load on the corresponding floats or parts of elongated floats. In this case, the pressure in the connected hydraulic cylinders will be equal. And when the position of the floats changes, the rising float itself will communicate its energy to the lowering float. The task of the pump in this case is only to compensate for the friction force of the fluid in the pipelines / from which it follows that it should have a small viscosity /. That is, the task of the hydraulic drive of the floats is not to fight the waves, but to adapt, adapt to them. (see figure 1).

Even with a slight deviation of the center of gravity from the calculated one, a pressure difference will occur in the connected hydraulic cylinders, and the pump will require significantly more power. Therefore, measures should be taken to maintain a center of gravity — uniform fuel consumption from tanks, installation of weapons near the center of gravity, etc.

You should also deal with skewing forces, for example with the lateral effect of wind and / or waves. In this case, the center of gravity can be deliberately shifted to the side - the criterion is the same pressure in the connected hydraulic cylinders.

Hydraulic cylinders it makes sense to connect with two adjacent hydraulic cylinders, and / or with one or two opposite. For example, with four attachment points, the hydraulic cylinders can be connected diagonally. If there are a lot of hydraulic cylinders, it makes sense to use a looped line.

If the distance between the connected hydraulic cylinders / i.e. between the floats / large, it makes sense to attach the float and its hydraulic cylinder with rigid rods or flexible cables so that all hydraulic cylinders are compactly grouped. This will reduce the inertia of the system, reduce the hydrodynamic losses in the pipelines, and therefore drive power. For flexible cables it is possible to apply modern light, high-strength and high-modulus fibers of the "Vectran-2000", "Spectra" type.

In some cases, for example, to counter the roll of an aircraft carrier, it may be necessary to create or at least maintain a large pressure difference between the connected hydraulic cylinders. Creating a lot of pressure will require a very sharp increase in the power of the pumps, so this is advisable to refuse. But to maintain such pressure, if it arose from the action of the waves, is easy enough. For this, the pump must be of volume type, and the power transmission from the drive to it must be self-braking. The optimal is a rotary vane pump and a worm gear to it from an asynchronous electric motor with an external rotor. There is another option - to install high-speed taps on pipelines.

The ideal attachment of the floats to the platform should ensure strictly vertical movement of the floats without turning or tilting in the water / t.k. it is an extra energy consumption. Such a fastener can be a sliding profiled / for example, lenticular / stem, slide mounted in vertical guides. It is desirable to profile the stem so that it does not rotate.

But the lever design will be more practical. A simple single-lever design is possible, in which the floats are located on the side-down levers. But when using it, unpleasant lateral movements of the platform are possible, since the floats do not rise and fall vertically.

A four-link, for example, trapezoidal structure is possible, see Figs. 1-3. This design provides a fairly accurate vertical movement of the floats on the wave. In this design, the four-link mechanism consists of a rack 4, two transverse levers 2, 3, and the side of the platform 1. Moreover, the transverse levers are attached to the platform with flat hinges with horizontal axes, and to the rack with flat or ball joints.

In this design, the float can be attached to the rack rigidly, but preferably with a flat hinge with an axis to the transverse long side of the float, or a ball joint located no higher than the buoyancy center of the float.

But in such a design, where the float is attached with a flat hinge, it also turns and rolls when raising and lowering it. In this case, to minimize losses from the “rotation” of the float in water, it should have a cross section in the shape of a circle or part of a circle / at least a part immersed in water should be round.

The float, attached by a ball joint, can have in cross section any shape convenient for lateral flow around the waves, for example lenticular.

On vessels of small displacement and on aircraft, it is advisable to have two very elongated floats attached to the platform with two or more mounts each. Since during the longitudinal distortion of such a float, the distance between the projections of the attachment points changes, the levers of one / better, the rear / attachment are attached to the platform with two flat hinges / to absorb the longitudinal load /, and the levers of the other attachments are attached to the platform with one flat hinge / better - the upper / and one ball.

For the correct construction of the four-link mechanism, the length and location of one of the levers (better - the upper one) are found by setting the float to deviate vertically from the middle position, based on the invariability of the lengths of the other lever and rack. This results in several locations of the upper end of the rack through which an approximate circle is drawn, the center of which is the second end of the desired lever.

Figure 1 shows an adaptive floating platform on a wave. And figure 2, 3 shows the possible mounting options for the float. Here: 1 - the platform, 2, 3 - the upper and lower wishbones, 4 - the rack, and in figure 3 it has a curved shape, 5 - a float, 6 - a hydraulic cylinder, 7 - a flexible cable. In Fig.2, the float is attached to the rack with a flat hinge with a transverse axis 8. And in Fig.3 lenticular float is attached with a ball hinge 9.

Figure 4 shows the approximate location of the length of the upper arm AB and the location of point B, that is, the hinge.

The device works as follows: when the wave runs on one side / right, left, front, rear, diagonally / one of the floats or part of a long float rises and squeezes the liquid out of its hydraulic cylinder 6, which through the pipeline enters the other or other hydraulic cylinders, lowering the float falling into the hollow between the waves. This fluid flow by the signal of the gyroscopic sensor is dosed by a reversible pump / pumps /.

To build the geometry of the four-link mechanism, let us set a few / minimum - three / float locations on the same vertical. Here, point E is the center of the round float, or the ball joint of the lenticular float.

Each position of point E corresponds to a certain position of the lower lever 3 with points SD, and therefore - a certain position of the rack 4 and its end - point A. Having identified several points A, A1, A2, draw a circle through them. The center of this circle will be point B.

The application of the invention will increase the comfort and combat effectiveness of ships and ships, and will make it possible to land planes and helicopters in a big wave.

Claims (11)

1. Adaptive floating platform, consisting of a platform, floats and their mounts to the platform, characterized in that the mounts of the floats are movable in a vertical or close to a vertical arcuate direction, each mount has a hydraulic cylinder connected by a pipeline and a reversing hydraulic pump with two adjacent hydraulic cylinders and / or with one or two opposing hydraulic cylinders, or with all other hydraulic cylinders, and the pumps are controlled by a gyroscopic sensor located on the platform. 2. The platform according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the hydraulic cylinders is proportional to the load from the platform on the corresponding floats or parts of the floats. 3. The platform according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening of the floats are connected to the hydraulic cylinders by means of rigid or flexible rods. 4. The platform according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipelines have taps. 5. The platform according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable fasteners of the floats are sliding profiled rods located in vertical guides. 6. The platform according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable fasteners of the floats are a trapezoidal or four-link lever mechanism (see figures 1-3), consisting of a rack 4, two transverse levers 2 and 3, and from the side of the platform 1 moreover, the transverse levers are attached to the platform with flat hinges with horizontal axes, and to the rack with flat or ball joints. 7. The platform according to claim 6, characterized in that the rack is attached to the float with a flat hinge with a horizontal axis, the transverse long side of the float, or a ball joint located not higher than the buoyancy center of the float. 8. The platform according to claim 6, characterized in that the float has a cross section in the shape of a circle or part of a circle. 9. The platform according to claim 1, characterized in that the float is attached to the platform with two or more mounts, and the levers of one mount are attached to the platform with two flat hinges, and the levers of the other mounts are attached to the platform with one flat hinge and one ball. 10. The platform according to claim 9, characterized in that the float has an elongated shape. 11. The platform according to claim 6, characterized in that the length and location of one of the levers are found by setting the float to deviate vertically from the middle position, based on the invariance of the lengths of the other lever and the rack, and approximate circle, center which is the second end of the desired lever.

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