RU2398810C1 - Pyrolysis reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: carbon-containing wastes are loaded into receiving hopper 5 and passed into internal cavity of pipe 3 perforated with holes and located inside ribbed tubular metal chamber 1. Ribbed tubular metal chamber 1 is placed into gas-tight heat insulation chamber 2. Carbon-containing wastes are heated due to supply of hot gases from gas burner 8 into internal cavity of pipe 3 perforated with holes. Pyrolysis gas is collected in tubular header 4, afterwards it arrives into block of pyrolysis gas cleaning and cooling 6. Block of pyrolysis gas cleaning and cooling 6 is connected to gas burner 8 and gas-turbine unit 7. Gas turbine unit 7 is connected by gas duct to gas-tight heat insulation chamber 2.

EFFECT: efficient pyrolysis reactor operating on carbon-containing wastes.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for a pyrolysis installation for the thermal treatment of carbon-containing waste.

Known pyrolysis reactor for heat treatment of carbon-containing waste, made in the form of a vertical reactor with internal heating, which periodically load the waste. Hot gases, 600–900 ° C, which do not contain oxygen, enter the base of the reactor and pass through a layer of carbon-containing waste. In this case, the waste is dried and its weight is reduced by 30-60%. As a result of thermochemical conversion, the carbon components are converted into pyrolysis combustible gas, which is burned in a gas burner to be fed into the internal cavity of the pyrolysis reactor (see B. B. Bobovich, V. V. Devyatkin, “Processing of production and consumption waste,” Moscow: ed. -in “Intermet Engineering, 2000, p. 224-225).

The disadvantage of this reactor is the low calorific value of pyrolysis gas containing up to 50% inert nitrogen, which does not allow its use in gas engine or gas turbine plants to generate electrical energy. In addition, an expensive lining of thermally stable material on the inner surface of the reactor is necessary.

As a prototype, “Installation for producing generator gas from recycled wood or vegetable raw materials” was adopted, including a gasification chamber made of refractory bricks, a metal hopper extending from it with a rectangular cross section and a hatch for loading raw materials (see, RF patent No. 2081894 dated 20.06. 1997, applicant Tomsk State University).

The disadvantage of this installation is the lack of high-quality heating of raw materials in a capacious chamber for the generation of generator gas, as well as the cyclical loading of raw materials into the gasification chamber. In addition, the issue of the efficient use of generator gas directly at the facility in order to obtain electric and thermal energy has not been resolved.

The present invention is the creation of an effective pyrolysis reactor operating on carbon-containing waste.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that along with the heating of carbon-containing waste with hot gas inside the pyrolysis reactor, carbon-containing waste is additionally heated by transferring heat energy through the metal finned walls of the pyrolysis reactor, which is placed in a gas-tight heat-insulating chamber.

An example of a pyrolysis reactor is shown in the drawing.

The pyrolysis reactor includes a vertically mounted finned tubular metal chamber 1, placed in a gas-tight heat-insulating chamber 2, made of concrete rings. Inside the finned tubular metal chamber is a perforated tube 3 for collecting pyrolysis gas. To the upper part of the tubular metal chamber is attached a tubular collector 4 of pyrolysis gas. Above the tubular collector is a receiving hopper 5 with two gates for passing carbon-containing waste into the internal cavity of the reactor. A gas pipeline departs from the tubular manifold, through which pyrolysis gas enters the pyrolysis gas purification and cooling unit 6. Air-conditioned pyrolysis gas enters the gas turbine power unit 7 through a gas pipeline to generate electrical energy. Hot exhaust gases through a heat-insulated pipeline enter the internal cavity of the gas-tight heat-insulating chamber for external heating of the finned tubular metal chamber. To heat carbon-containing waste located inside a finned tubular metal chamber, a heat-resistant pipe from a gas burner 8 operating on pyrolysis gas is attached to it at the bottom. After drying and thermochemical conversion of carbon-containing wastes, residual wastes are discharged from the bottom of the tubular metal chamber coated with heat-insulating material through two gates into the container 9.

The operation of the pyrolysis reactor is as follows.

Carbon-containing waste of any moisture content is loaded into a receiving hopper 5 and, through two gates, is passed into the internal cavity of a perforated pipe 3, which is located inside a finned tubular metal chamber 1. In turn, a finned tubular metal chamber is placed in a gas-tight heat-insulating chamber 2. The initial heating of carbon-containing waste is carried out due to the supply into the internal cavity of the perforated hot gas pipe from the gas burner 8 operating from a gas ballot on propane. After heating, the carbon-containing waste begins to emit pyrolysis gas, which is collected in the tubular manifold 4. The pyrolysis gas is brought to condition in the cooling and purification unit 6 and enters the gas burner to heat the carbon-containing waste in the inner cavity of the perforated pipe hole. Subsequently, the gas burner runs on pyrolysis gas, and the propane gas cylinder is turned off. Most of the pyrolysis gas enters the gas turbine power unit 7, where electrical energy is generated. Hot exhaust gases from a gas turbine are fed through a gas duct to a gas-tight heat-insulating chamber for external heating of a finned tube chamber, through which heat energy is supplied to heat carbon-containing waste.

Dried and heat-treated carbon-containing residual waste is discharged through two gates into a container 9.

During the operation of the pyrolysis reactor, the amount of pyrolysis gas supplied to the burner is controlled so that the temperature inside the finned tubular metal chamber does not exceed the temperature of the exhaust gases from the gas turbine power unit.

Thus, the design of a pyrolysis reactor with internal and external heating of carbon-containing waste solves the problem - the creation of an effective pyrolysis reactor.

Due to the fact that the heating of carbon-containing waste is carried out both by supplying hot gases to the internal cavity of the reactor from a gas burner, and by transferring thermal energy from the exhaust flue gases of a gas turbine electric unit through the finned metal walls of the tubular chamber, an effective destruction of carbon-containing waste throughout the inner the volume of the pyrolysis reactor.

In this case, the pyrolysis gas will contain a minimum amount of inert nitrogen, and its calorific value will be significantly higher than that of similar pyrolysis reactors.

Claims (1)

Pyrolysis reactor for the thermal treatment of carbon-containing waste, including a vertically mounted metal chamber with loading and unloading means, placed in a gas tight heat insulating chamber, a pyrolysis gas cleaning and cooling unit and a gas burner, characterized in that the gas tight heat insulating chamber is made of concrete rings, and the vertical the metal chamber is made tubular and finned, and inside the tubular metal chamber is a perforated tube for collecting pyrolysis gas, and to the upper part of the tubular metal chamber a tubular pyrolysis gas collector is connected, connected to a pyrolysis gas purification and cooling unit, connected, in turn, to a gas burner and a gas turbine unit, the gas turbine unit being connected by a gas duct to a gas tight heat insulating chamber.