RU2397794C1 - Method for field processing of paraffin oil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field processing of oil and may be used in oil producing and oil processing fields of industry. Method consists in addition of spent oil in amount of 0.5-2.5 wt % in paraffin oil, mixing and serial exposure to ultrasound with the main frequency of radiator 25-80 kHz and permanent magnetic field with magnetic induction of 0.05-0.5 T. Speed of oil flow through magnetic field makes 0.01-0.5 m/s. Then desalinated oil cleaned from mechanical admixtures is heated, mixed with spent oil in amount from 0.5 to 2.5 wt %, exposed serially to ultrasound with the main frequency of radiator of 25-80 kHz and permanent magnetic field with magnetic induction of 0.05-0.5 T with speed of oil flow through magnetic field - 0.01 - 0.5 m/s. Prepared oil is sent into rectifying column, where it is separated into hydrocarbon gases, light benzene and semi-topped crude oil.

EFFECT: reduced corrosion activity of equipment due to reduction of chloride salts and mechanical admixtures content; reduced pressure, less load on process equipment, reduction of costs for transport of topped crude oil to oil processing enterprise due to increased yield of light benzene fraction in field preparation of paraffin oil for processing.

2 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to field preparation of oil and can be used in the oil and oil refining industries to increase the depth of desalination of oil, purification from mechanical impurities and improve stabilization and / or topping in small-tonnage plants.

A known method of separating water, salts and solids through sludge, followed by stabilization and / or topping of oil in the fields [see Gurevich I.L. Oil and gas processing technology. M .: Chemistry, 1973, p.20]. The disadvantage of this method is the insufficiently clear separation of the emulsion, separation of mechanical impurities and a significant settling time.

A known method of thermochemical demulsification of oil [see Gurevich I.L. Oil and gas processing technology. Part 1. M .: Chemistry, 1973, p.181]. The disadvantage of this method is the insufficiently clear separation of the emulsion, separation of mechanical impurities and a significant settling time.

A known electrical method for the demulsification of crude non-desalted oil at high capacities in refineries, including the demulsification of oil, followed by separation of a mixture of gases and light gasoline in the column [see Glagoleva O.F., Kapustin V.M., Gulmisaryan T.G. et al. Oil and gas processing technology. Part 1. M: Chemistry, 2007, p.337-339, p.284]. In this case, dehydration and desalination takes place in an electric field, and the processed paraffin oil (Mangyshlak) contains 4 mg / l of salts. Gases and light gasoline vapors leave the top of the topping column. As a result of the preliminary separation of some gasoline components from oil, it is possible to avoid a lot of pressure in the furnace coil during further distillation, as well as losses of light hydrocarbons during transportation from the fields (if topping is implemented in the field).

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient desalination of paraffinic oil, the insufficient separation of mechanical impurities and insufficiently complete topping, the use of sophisticated equipment (electric dehydrators).

A known method of intensifying the process of demulsification of oil in oil-water emulsions, including processing it with a strong magnetic field and subsequent sediment, which allows to accelerate the separation of oil by 2-3 times [see RF patent No. 2095119, 1997]. The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of dehydration of water-oil emulsions formed by paraffinic oils with negligible paramagnetism.

A known method of intensifying the process of distillation of residual oil products, in which heavy residual oil products are exposed to ultrasound and a constant magnetic field. The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of its application in the process of distillation of oils, especially paraffinic, with negligible paramagnetism [see RF patent No. 23355524, 2008].

The closest in combination of features is a method for commercial preparation of crude oil, including thermochemical demulsification of oil with subsequent separation of a mixture of gases and light gasoline in the column [see Gurevich I.L. Oil and gas processing technology. Part 1. M .: Chemistry, 1973, p.194-195]. The disadvantage of this method is not sufficiently clear separation of the emulsion, separation of mechanical impurities and insufficiently complete topping.

The technical task is to increase the depth of desalination and separation of mechanical impurities, increase the completeness of the selection of light gasoline fraction n.k.-120 ° C during field preparation of paraffin oil for processing.

The technical result is an improvement in the method of field preparation of paraffin oil, leading to a decrease in the corrosion activity of equipment by reducing the content of chloride salts and solids; allowing to reduce pressure, reduce the load on technological equipment, get an additional amount of gasoline fraction at the place of production, reduce the cost of transporting stripped oil to the refinery by increasing the yield of light gasoline fraction in the field preparation of paraffin oil for processing.

It is achieved by adding to the crude paraffin oil (water-oil emulsion) in the amount of from 0.5 to 2.5 wt.% (To increase the paramagnetic activity of the oil), mix and subjected to successive ultrasonic treatment with a main emitter frequency of 25-80 kHz and a constant magnetic field with a magnetic induction of 0.05-0.5 T with a flow rate of oil through a magnetic field of 0.01-0.5 m / s to transform the dispersed structure of a water-oil emulsion enriched with paramagnetic centers, after which into separator for sedimentation of salt water and mechanical impurities. Desalted and purified from mechanical impurities oil is mixed with 0.5-2.5 wt.% Of used oil to increase its paramagnetic activity and subsequently subjected to ultrasonic treatment with a main emitter frequency of 25-80 kHz and a constant magnetic field with a magnetic induction of 0.05 -0.5 T with a flow rate of oil through a magnetic field of 0.01-0.5 m / s to convert the dispersed structure of oil and sent to a distillation column in which the prepared oil is separated into hydrocarbon gases, light enzin and poluotbenzinennuyu oil. Due to the combined wave action and additives of the used oil to enhance its effect, the degree of desalination and purification from mechanical impurities is increased several times in comparison with the known method, and the completeness of the selection of light gasoline fraction NK-120 ° C is increased by 1.5-5 wt.%.

Schematic diagram of the preparation of paraffin oil for processing by the proposed method is shown in figure 1, having the following notation: 1 - pump; 2, 6 - heat exchangers; 3 - mixer; 4, 7 - block of ultrasonic and magnetic processing; 5 - separator; 8 - topping column; I - crude oil; II - water; III - demulsifier; IV - waste oil; V, VIII - hydrocarbon gas; VI - soles; VII - desalted and purified from solids oil; IX - semi-petrol oil; X - irrigation.

Figure 2 shows a schematic flow chart of the preparation of paraffin oil for refining by a known method, where 1 is a pump; 2, 5 - heat exchangers; 3 - mixer; 4 - sedimentation tanks; 6 - topping column; I - crude oil; II - water; III - demulsifier; IV, VII - hydrocarbon gas; V - soles; VI - desalted oil; VIII - semi-petrol oil; IX - irrigation.

The characteristics of crude paraffin oil are shown in Table 1, the waste oil is shown in Table 2. For the analysis of oil and oil products, the standard methods shown in Table 3 were used.

The proposed method is implemented as follows: crude paraffin oil, heated to a temperature of 40-60 ° C, was mixed with water (0.1-0.5 wt.%), With 5-50 ppm demulsifier (Hercules 1603; Kemeliks; Progalit; Diproxamine etc.) and with 0.5-2.5 wt.% of used oil, they were mixed and subjected to ultrasound at a flow-through installation with a main emitter frequency of 25-80 kHz, and then with a constant magnetic field with a magnetic induction of 0.05-0, 5 T at a flow rate of 0.01-0.5 m / s and sent to the tank for sedimentation. The oil, desalted and purified from mechanical impurities, was stripped, preliminarily subjected to ultrasonic treatment with a main emitter frequency of 25-80 kHz and a constant magnetic field with magnetic induction of 0.05-0.5 T at a flow rate of 0.01-0.5 m / s, mixing with 0.5-2.5 wt.% waste oil.

The content of chloride salts and solids decreased by 15-35 times. The yield of the fraction increased by 1.5-5 wt.%.

Example 1

Heated to 50 ° C crude paraffin oil containing 28.2 mg / m ^{3 of} chloride salts and 0.064 wt.% Of mechanical impurities was mixed with water (0.3 wt.%), 1.5 wt.% Of used oil was introduced and 25 ppm demulsifier Hercules 1603, was mixed and subjected to successive ultrasonic treatment with a main emitter frequency of 45 kHz and a constant magnetic field with magnetic induction of 0.08 T at a flow velocity of 0.02 m / s, after which it was sent to a separator to separate salt water and mechanical impurities. 1.5 wt.% Of used oil was added to desalted and cleaned from mechanical impurities oil, sequentially subjected to ultrasonic treatment with a main emitter frequency of 45 kHz and a constant magnetic field with magnetic induction of 0.08 T at a flow velocity of 0.02 m / s, placed in an apparatus for distillation of oil, mixed with used oil, then heated and drove fraction NK-120 ° C.

The content of chloride salts decreased by 35 times, mechanical impurities - by 20 times. The yield of the fraction increased by 4.4 wt.%.

Example 2

Heated to 50 ° C crude paraffin oil containing 28.2 mg / m ^{3 of} chloride salts and 0.064 wt.% Of mechanical impurities was mixed with water (0.3 wt.%), 1.5 wt.% Of waste oil was introduced, subjected successively to ultrasonic action with a main emitter frequency of 45 kHz and a constant magnetic field with magnetic induction of 0.3 T at a flow rate of 0.05 m / s, after which it was directed to a separator for separating salt water and solids. 1.5 wt.% Of used oil was added to desalted and cleaned of mechanical impurities oil, sequentially subjected to ultrasonic treatment with a main emitter frequency of 45 kHz and a constant magnetic field with magnetic induction of 0.15 T at a flow velocity of 0.05 m / s, placed in an apparatus for distillation of oil, mixed with used oil, heated and distilled fraction NK-120 ° C.

The content of chloride salts decreased by 26 times, mechanical impurities - by 15 times. The yield of the fraction increased by 3.3 wt.%.

Example 3 - comparative, without sonication and magnetic field

25.5 ppm demulsifier Hercules 1603 was introduced into crude paraffin oil heated to 50 ° C, containing 28.2 mg / m of chloride salts and 0.064 wt% of mechanical impurities, mixed, and then sent to a separator to separate salt water and mechanical impurities. Desalted and purified from mechanical impurities oil was placed in an apparatus for distillation of oil, the NK-120 ° C fraction was heated and distilled off.

The content of chloride salts decreased by 11 times, mechanical impurities - by 5 times. The yield of the fraction increased by 1.5 wt.%.

The positive effect of this method is to improve the known method of field preparation of paraffin oil, leading to a decrease in the corrosion activity of equipment by reducing the content of chloride salts and solids; allowing to reduce pressure, reduce the load on processing equipment, to obtain an additional amount of gasoline fraction at the place of production, to reduce the cost of transporting stripped oil to the refinery by increasing the yield of light gasoline fraction in the field preparation of paraffin oil for processing.

Due to the combined effect of ultrasound and a constant magnetic field, as well as the addition of used oil, the degree of desalination and purification from mechanical impurities increases by 15-35 times compared to the known method, and the completeness of the selection of light gasoline fraction n.k.-120 ° C - by 1 5-5 wt.%.

Table 1 Oil characteristics Name Indicator value Coking ability,% 0.32 Ash content,% 0.16 Fractional composition, ° C n.k. 48 10% 110 twenty% 132 thirty% 167 40% 206 fifty% 252 60% 281 70% 331 80% 361 Yield up to 120 ° C, wt.% 12,43 Yield up to 200 ° C, wt.% 38.5 Yield up to 350 ° C, wt.% 75.8 Fur. impurities, wt.% 0,064 DNP, kPa 1,58 Keen. viscosity at 50 ° C 1.76                   20 ° C 3.01 Chloride salts, mg / dm ³ 28,2 The content of paraffins, wt.% 4.8 The concentration of PMC · 10 ¹⁷ , spin / g 2,4 The sulfur content of the total, wt.% 0.23 The water content, vol.% 1,2 Molecular mass 171

table 2 Used Oil Characteristics Name Value Viscosity at 50 ° C, cSt 22 Flash point in open crucible, ° C 216 Mass fraction of solids, wt.% 0.006 Mass fraction of water, vol.% next Density at 20 ° C, kg / m ³ 864.6

Table 3 Methods for determining the characteristics of petroleum products Indicator GOST test method Density, kg / m ³ 3900-85 Mechanical impurities, wt.% 6370-83 The water content, vol.% 2477-78 The content of chloride salts, mg / m ³ 21534-76 Fractional composition, vol.% 2177-99 Ash content, wt.% 1461-75 The total sulfur content, wt.% 1437-75 Kinematic viscosity, mm ² / s 6258-72 Condranson coking ability, wt.% 19923-99 Paraffins, wt.% 11851-85 Saturated vapor pressure, kPa 1756-2000

Claims (1)

A method for commercial preparation of paraffin oil, including thermochemical demulsification of oil with a demulsifier and wash water, followed by separation of a mixture of gases and light gasoline in a column, characterized in that the used oil is added to paraffin oil in an amount of from 0.5 to 2.5 wt.%, mix and sequentially subjected to ultrasonic treatment with a main emitter frequency of 25-80 kHz and a constant magnetic field with magnetic induction of 0.05-0.5 T, with an oil flow rate through the magnetic field of 0.01-0, 5 m / s, desalted and purified from mechanical impurities oil is heated, mixed with used oil in an amount of from 0.5 to 2.5 wt.%, Subjected to successive ultrasonic treatment with a main emitter frequency of 25-80 kHz and a constant magnetic field with magnetic induction of 0.05-0.5 T, with a flow rate of oil through a magnetic field of 0.01-0.5 m / s and send the prepared oil to a distillation column, where it is separated into hydrocarbon gases, light gasoline and semi-benzene oil.

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