RU2396596C2 - Protection element with variable optical properties - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: protection element has at least one information element and a transparent layer with variable optical properties placed on the information element. The information element is made from a series of layers which has a coloured background printed layer and an engraved printing layer placed on the background printed layer. The engraved printing layer has a thin structure which has differently aligned parallel lines whose outline form a first information element and also has at least one gap whose outline forms a second information element different from the first.

EFFECT: higher counterfeit protection.

82 cl, 19 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a security element with variable optical properties for protecting valuable objects, comprising at least one information element and a transparent layer with variable optical properties deposited on the information element.

To protect against counterfeiting, valuable items, such as products of well-known brands and valuable documents, are often provided with security elements that allow you to establish the authenticity of a valuable item and at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized copying. Valuable items in the context of this invention are, in particular, banknotes, stocks, bonds, certificates, vouchers, checks, valuable entry tickets and other documents for which there is a risk of counterfeiting, for example passports and other identification documents, as well as product protection elements, for example labels, prints, packaging and the like. The term “valuable item” further encompasses all such items, documents, and products.

To prevent reproduction, even possible with the use of high-quality copying devices, security elements often contain elements with variable optical properties, which at different viewing angles create a different visual image for the observer, for example, a different color image. For example, from EP 0 435 029 A2, a security element with a plastic layer containing a liquid crystal polymer is known, this layer realizing a pronounced color change effect at room temperature.

Publication WO 97/19818 presents and describes a data carrier with an element having variable optical properties, in which the information element is applied in color contrasting with the data carrier and at least partially coated with a transparent layer with variable optical properties. By applying high-resolution pigments with variable optical properties to dark structures with high resolution, information elements with high resolution and variable optical properties can also be created. However, users often claim that the security features created in this way are not very decorative, since background printing can only be done with very dark printing ink, and a thin structure containing high-resolution structures always looks like white paper.

Taking all this into account, the aim of the present invention is to propose in general a security element having a high degree of protection against counterfeiting and an attractive appearance.

This goal is achieved by means of a security element having the features disclosed in the independent claim. A method of manufacturing a security element and a valuable item provided with such a security element are disclosed in the claims combined by a single inventive concept. The subject of the dependent claims are development options of the present invention.

According to this invention, the information element of the security element with variable optical properties of the type described above is formed by a sequence of layers containing a colored background layer and an intaglio printing layer deposited on the background layer. Thus, a security element that is visually attractive to humans is created, which, as described in detail below, combines high flexibility in the implementation of the optical structure with a high degree of protection against counterfeiting.

The intaglio printing layer is preferably applied with a dark printing ink, in particular black, violet, brown, dark blue or dark green printing ink. Thus, portraits of a dark color can preferably be performed.

It is preferred that the intaglio printed circuit board is cut with an engraving tool, but it can also be made using laser, etching or using photopolymer technology. If the term “engraving” is referred to later in the text, then it should also be understood as other types of technologies.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the surface portion coated with the intaglio printing layer overlaps the surface portion coated with the color background layer. Thus, preferably a dark-colored intaglio printing ink covers any deviations in the register relative to the background layer, so that the effect of perfect alignment is created for the observer.

In a preferred embodiment, the intaglio printing layer comprises at least one gap, the outlines of which form an information element. Alternatively or additionally, the intaglio printing layer may have a fine structure containing variously oriented parallel lines, the outlines of which form an information element.

It is preferable that the fine structure lines have a line width b of 50-500 μm, preferably 100-200 μm, and it is preferable that they be applied with an interval a of 0.8 ∙ b-1.6 ∙ b. Here, the interval between lines a denotes the interval between the same, for example, the left edges of adjacent lines. If the interval between the lines a exactly corresponds to the width of the line b, then the parallel lines lie next to each other without a gap.

Thus, the preferred range of intervals between lines a varies from overlapping by 20% adjacent lines to linear patterns with gaps of up to 60% of the line width. If adjacent lines of fine structure overlap in a certain area, then a high degree of coverage and uniform distribution of the coating over the surface is achieved, which is desirable to create, in particular, on the boundary area, on which the border of the background printing layer lying below should be hidden. Preferably, the line engraving depth is 5-250 microns, in particular, particularly preferably 70-120 microns. The specified line parameters: line width, spacing between lines and engraving depth may be the same for the entire intaglio printing layer. However, it is often preferable to perform different sections of the intaglio printing layer with different line parameters depending on the desired image.

In order to facilitate for the observer the perception of the information element in the intaglio printing layer, it can be surrounded by a positive or negative boundary contour. The positive boundary contour is the surrounding dark boundary line that is visible in the printed image, and the negative boundary contour is the corresponding surrounding gap.

The degree of protection against counterfeiting of the proposed security element can be further enhanced if the intaglio printing layer is provided with substances with machine-readable features, in particular substances with magnetic properties, substances that are absorbing or transparent to infrared radiation, or phosphorescent, fluorescent or other luminescent substances.

The background layer may be a liquid crystal layer that implements the color change effect, an interference layer, a metal layer or a printing layer.

Preferably, the background layer is a background printing layer that is applied in a uniform shade and is applied with chromatic or metallic printing ink, for example, gold or silver ink. As a printing method, in particular, offset printing, indirect printing, screen printing or other printing methods known to those skilled in the art can be used.

The background layer may also contain substances with computer-readable features, in particular substances that are transparent to infrared radiation, phosphorescent, fluorescent or other luminescent substances.

In a preferred embodiment of the security element according to this invention, the background printed layer comprises at least one gap, the outlines of which form an information element. Alternatively or additionally, the background printing layer may be applied in the form of a pattern, the outline of the pattern forming an information element. The colored background layer can be made monochrome or multicolor.

The information element in the intaglio printing layer and / or the background layer may be a picture, portrait, logo or code, for example a bar code or a string of alphanumeric characters.

In some embodiments, both the intaglio printing layer and the background layer comprise an information element. In this case, it is preferable that the information elements of both layers are connected with each other or complement each other. The simplest option for information elements related to each other is duplication. For example, a denomination of a banknote can be applied both on the background layer and on the intaglio printing layer in the gap or on the pattern. In the case of complementary information elements, the entire information element can be obtained entirely only by combining both fragments of the information element. For example, complementary fragments of a serial number or complementary fragments of a portrait can be applied to two layers.

Preferably, the layer with variable optical properties contains pigments with variable optical properties, pigments of the interference layer or pigments made on the basis of liquid crystal polymers. Preferably, this layer as a variable optical effect implements the effect of color change. Preferably, a layer with variable optical properties is applied to the security element by printing, for example, by screen printing, coating or spraying.

In an embodiment of the invention, the layer with variable optical properties comprises at least one gap, the outlines of which form an additional information element. Here, it is preferable that the additional information element of the layer with variable optical properties be associated with the information element in the intaglio printing layer and / or the background printing layer, or supplement it. For example, the effect of changing the color of a layer with variable optical properties and the color image of the background can be coordinated in color with each other, so that for certain viewing directions, the layer with variable optical properties looks the same color as the background image. Then, when observing in these directions, the additional information element encoded in the gap is not perceived, but it is clearly distinguished when observing in other directions, in which the color image of a layer with variable optical properties differs from the color image of the background layer.

Preferably, the surface area covered with a layer with variable optical properties overlaps a surface area covered with an intaglio printing layer. Here, on a surface portion coated with a layer with variable optical properties and not covered with an intaglio printing layer, it is preferable that the security element looks light colored, for example, like white paper. Then the transparent layer with variable optical properties will be almost invisible on a light background outside the intaglio printing layer, but the variable optical effect of this layer will be clearly visible on the dark intaglio layer.

By combining the background printing layer and the intaglio printing layer, a very dark background can also be formed, which is preferably used to better show the effect of the color change, at least on fragments of the portion of the security element.

The present invention also comprises a method of manufacturing a security element of the kind described above, in which

- on the base is applied, preferably by printing, a colored background layer,

- an intaglio printing layer is applied to the background layer, the sequence of layers consisting of a background layer and intaglio printing layer contains an information element, and

- a transparent layer with variable optical properties is applied to the information element, preferably by a printing method.

The invention further comprises a valuable item, for example, a well-known brand product, a valuable document and the like, provided with a security element of the kind described above. Here, in particular, it is preferable that the information element of the security element was associated with or complemented by the information element deposited on another portion of the valuable item. For example, the information element of the security element may repeat the face value printed on another section of the banknote, or a graphic pattern printed on a valuable document, such as a portrait. A valuable item may be, in particular, a security, valuable document or packaging of a product.

In general, the described structural variants of the background layer, the intaglio printing layer and the layer with variable optical properties provide high flexibility in the development of security elements according to this invention. In addition, in the manufacturing method according to this invention, the layer with variable optical properties is applied only last, which allows to achieve a low percentage of marriage and, thus, the economy of production. Since the layer with variable optical properties is not stamped, the color change effect of this layer is very distinct.

Further examples of implementation and advantages of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, in which, to facilitate their understanding, the scale and proportions are not respected.

The drawings show:

Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a banknote equipped with a security element with variable optical properties according to an example implementation of the present invention.

Figure 2 - image of the banknote presented in figure 1, in section along the line II-II.

Figure 3 - on (a) - (e) presents various embodiments of the background layer of security elements according to this invention.

Figure 4 - in (a), (c), (e), (f) and (g) various embodiments of the intaglio printing layer of security elements according to this invention are shown, and in (b) and (d) are enlarged fragments of the options presented in (a) and (c).

Figure 5 - in (a) - (c) shows in section a layer of intaglio printing security elements according to this invention for various ratios between the width of the line b and the interval between the lines a, and

6 - in (a) and (b) presents two more complex examples of the implementation of the present invention in a perspective view.

The invention will be described in more detail below with the example of a banknote. Figure 1 presents a schematic representation of a banknote 10, on which, in addition to the designation of its face value 12 and the image of the portrait 14, there is a security element 16 with variable optical properties. The security element 16 contains the information element 18, in this example implementation, the repetition of the designation 12, which is usually printed on a banknote several times.

The security element may also repeat other information elements, for example, drawings, in particular portrait 14, or be a logo or code, such as a bar code or alphanumeric character string. To increase the degree to which a banknote is protected from counterfeiting, the information element 18 of the security element 16 is usually associated with or complements the information element also located in another section of the banknote 10, which allows the user to implement simple authentication.

Now, the structure of the security element 16 of FIG. 1 will be explained in more detail with reference to the image in FIG. 2, which shows the banknote 10 in section along the line II-II.

First, a colored background layer 22 is printed on the entire surface of the paper banknote 20 by screen printing. In an example implementation, the background layer 22 is printed in a uniform hue, such as red, blue, or green. If necessary, the background layer 22 can also be printed with printing ink with a metallic effect and have, for example, bronze, silver, copper or gold color. Other printing methods known to those skilled in the art, such as offset printing or indirect printing, can also be used to apply the background layer 22.

Then on the background layer 22 is applied with dark printing ink, for example, black, intaglio printing layer 24. The intaglio printing layer 24 contains, in addition to the fine structure described below, a gap 26, the outlines of which form the information element 18 in FIG. 1, in this example implementation it is the number “1”. As shown in FIG. 2, as a result of intaglio printing, the security element 16 has, in areas 28 outside the intervals of the intaglio layer 24, a tactile tangible relief structure on which a large amount of printing ink is located.

Here, the surface portion covered by the intaglio printing layer 24 is slightly larger than the surface portion covered by the background layer 22. Thus, the dark ink applied by the intaglio printing method covers the register deviations caused by printing the background, so that a visual image is created for the observer image of exact combination.

A sequence of layers consisting of a background layer 22 and an intaglio printing layer 24 is coated with a transparent layer 30 with variable optical properties, for example, a printing layer containing cholesteric liquid crystal pigments. The liquid crystal layer 30 realizes a color changing effect in which the color image of the layer changes for the observer, for example, from blue to green.

The surface area covered by the liquid crystal layer 30, in turn, is made slightly larger than the surface area covered by the intaglio printing layer 24, so that the color change effect of the liquid crystal layer 30 outside the dark intaglio printing layer 24 is almost imperceptible against the light banknote paper. In contrast, in dark areas 28 outside the spaces of the intaglio printing layer 24, the effect of a color change is clearly seen. Within the interval 26, the color image of the background layer 22 predominates. In general, the security element can thus create a visually appealing image for the observer with the background color and design of the intaglio image selected in a certain way and, in addition, has a high degree of protection due to the presence of tactile tangible relief structure and a liquid crystal layer with variable optical properties.

In Fig. 3, types (a) - (e) show embodiments of the background layer 22. Here, in Fig. 3 (a), the background layer 22 covering the entire surface is first presented, which also has a security element 16 shown in Fig. 1 and 2. The background layer 22 in figure 3 (b) contains a gap 32, the outlines of which form an information element, here - the number "1". It is clear that this information element of the background layer 22 can be combined with the information element of the intaglio printing layer 24.

In addition to simple gaps, the background layer 22 may also have patterns 34 whose outlines form an information element, as shown in FIG. 3 (d). Figure 3 (e) presents another option in which the background layer 22 has both an information-containing gap 32 and an information-containing portion 34 with a pattern. The gap 32 and the patterned region 34 can also complement each other, forming a coherent information element, for example, with a composite number “1”, as shown in FIG. 3 (c).

Embodiments of the intaglio printing layer 24 are shown in FIG. Figure 4 (a) shows the intaglio printing layer 24 covering the entire surface, which is a thin structure containing a high-resolution linear pattern 42, 44. The main surface of the intaglio printing layer 24 is formed by a first linear pattern 42, in which parallel lines form an angle of −45 ° with respect to a given horizontal direction. On fragments 46 of the plot, the outlines of which form an information element, here in each case there is the number "1", parallel lines of the second linear pattern 44 form an angle of + 45 ° relative to a given direction.

Each section fragment 46 containing information and the oval outlines of the intaglio printing layer 24 are surrounded by a positive boundary contour 48, i.e. the surrounding dark boundary line visible on the printed image, which is more clearly visible on the enlarged fragment 50 in figure 4 (b). In this embodiment, the parallel lines of the linear pattern 42, 44 have a width b of 100 μm and an interval between lines of a of 120 μm. Here, the interval between lines a denotes the distance between the same, for example, the upper edges of adjacent lines. As described below, it is possible that the intervals between lines a are less than the line width, so that adjacent lines overlap. In this embodiment, the line engraving depth is about 50 microns.

Figure 4 (c) shows another variant of the intaglio printing layer 24, in which, in contrast to the embodiment of figure 4 (a), the information fragments 46 of the section are provided with a negative boundary contour 52. As can be seen in the enlarged fragment 54 in figure 4 (d), the negative boundary contour 52 represents the gap surrounding the fragments 46 of the plot and visible on the printed image. Both the positive boundary contour 48 in Fig. 4 (a) and the negative boundary contour 52 in Fig. 4 (c) facilitate the perception of the information element for the observer.

The intaglio printing layer 24 in FIG. 4 (c) further has an information containing gap 56, which corresponds to the gap 26 shown in FIG. 2. Through the gap 56, it is possible to freely observe the color background layer 22, made, for example, in accordance with one of the options presented in figure 3.

If necessary, on the gap 56 can be additionally performed and other elements of gravure printing. They are preferably applied in such a small thickness that the intaglio printing ink appears translucent. For example, in the interval 56, gravure printing elements in the form of the number “1” (not shown) can be made.

In the embodiment of FIG. 4 (e), the oval outlines of the intaglio printing layer 24 are additionally edged with a surrounding boundary portion 58 printed with a high degree of coverage of the surface with ink. For example, the linear pattern 60 of the boundary portion 58 may have an inclination angle that matches the angle of inclination of the lines of the fragments 46 of the portion, and may be printed with a line width b of 100 μm and an interval between lines a of 90 μm. Preferably, the background layer 22 and the intaglio printing layer 24 are so arranged relative to each other that the border of the background layer 22 is covered by the surrounding boundary portion 58. Then, possible variations in the register between the background layer 22 and the intaglio printing layer 24 will be hidden from the observer by the boundary portion .

The embodiment of FIG. 4 (f) is similar in structure to that of FIG. 4 (e), but the linear pattern 60 on the surrounding boundary portion 58 has an inclination angle different from that of the linear patterns 42 and 44 on the main surface or on fragments 46 containing information plot. In particular, in this embodiment, the slope of the lines in the boundary region 58 is 0 °. As in figure 4 (a), fragments 46 of the plot provided with a positive boundary contour.

The next embodiment shown in FIG. 4 (g) differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 (e) with only a particularly wide-formed negative boundary contour 52, which draws particular attention to the fragments 46 of the section containing information.

It should be understood that each of the options for the intaglio printing layer 24 in FIG. 4 can be combined with each of the options for the background layer 22 in FIG. 3.

In Fig. 5, in views (a) to (c), the intaglio layers 24 are shown in section for different ratios between the width of lines b and the interval between lines a. Here, the intaglio printing layer does not have to have the same ratio over the entire surface area; instead, each of the embodiments in FIGS. 5 (a) to (c) can be performed on different fragments of the intaglio printing layer section.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5 (a), the interval between lines a is only slightly larger than the line width and, for example, the line width is 100 μm and the interval between lines is 110 μm. Thus, gravure printing ink is applied to the entire surface, but with a significantly different thickness. Thus, the lines can be clearly visible as such, but the entire surface looks very dark. In areas against the background of such an intaglio printing layer, the effect of a color change due to the liquid crystal layer 30 is clearly visible.

FIG. 5 (b) shows an embodiment in which the spacing between lines a is quite large, for example, the spacing between lines is 160 μm and the line width is 130 μm. In spaces 62 without printing ink, a background layer 22 or the base of the banknote 20, not shown in FIG. 5 (b), is visible. Thus, individual lines are visually noticeable even better, and the overall visual image of the surface seems lighter. In this case, the effect realized by the liquid crystal layer 30 is less pronounced in comparison with the embodiment in FIG. 5 (a).

Finally, FIG. 5 (c) shows a portion of the intaglio printing layer 24 on which the individual lines overlap, i.e. the interval between lines a is less than the width of line b. For example, with a line width b of 130 μm, the interval between lines a can be as little as 110 μm. Here, the line width is determined for the uncovered line 64 (shown in dashed lines in FIG. 5 (c)). Due to this overlap, a very high degree of coverage and a uniform distribution of the surface coating can be ensured. This embodiment of the intaglio printing layer is particularly suitable for the surrounding boundary portion, for example for the boundary portion 58 of FIG. 4, on which the underlying border of the background layer 22 should be hidden.

Figure 6 (a) and (b) presents two more complex examples of the implementation of the present invention, where the layers located on top of each other are shown for clarity in components. The security element 70 of FIG. 6 (a) has a color background layer 72 covering the entire surface, over which there is an intaglio printing layer 74. The intaglio printing layer 74 contains a thin structure consisting of parallel lines of different angular orientations, which form fragments 76 of the information section in the form of a digital string “10”. Each fragment 76 of the plot is surrounded by a negative boundary contour.

The intaglio printing layer 74 also has an opening 78 in the form of a graphic pattern (here, the zebra’s head), in which a colored background layer 72 is visible. In addition, the background layer 72 is also visible between the parallel lines of the intaglio printing layer 74.

The surrounding boundary portion 80 of the intaglio printing layer 74 is printed with a high degree of surface coverage, so that the observer cannot see the boundary of the background layer 72 covered by the boundary portion 80.

A liquid crystal layer 82 is applied to the background layer 72 and the intaglio printing layer 74, the color change effect of which is especially pronounced in the dark area without the gaps of the intaglio printing layer 74. In contrast, a color image of the background layer 72 dominates on the aperture 78. Outside the intaglio printing layer 78, the liquid crystal layer 82 lies directly on the light banknote paper, so that the effect of the color change of the liquid crystal pigments is practically not manifested here.

Figure 6 (b) shows another example implementation of a security element 90 according to this invention, in which a colored background layer 92 is printed in the form of an information element (here, zebra heads). Similarly, the intaglio printing layer 94 contains an information element in its fine structure, namely, the numeric string “10”. A liquid crystal layer 96 is also applied to both layers over the entire surface.

Since the intaglio printing layer 94 in this embodiment does not have gaps, its optical image appears darker than in the case of the intaglio printing layer 74 in the embodiment of FIG. 6 (a). However, the color and structure of the zebra head 92 is clearly perceived through the gaps between the parallel lines of the intaglio printing layer 94.

Claims (82)

1. The security element with variable optical properties to protect valuable objects, having at least one information element formed by a sequence of layers containing a colored background layer and an intaglio printing layer deposited on the background layer, and also having one transparent layer with variable optical properties, plotted on an information element, moreover
the intaglio printing layer has a fine structure containing variously oriented parallel lines, the outlines of which form the first information element; and
The intaglio printing layer contains at least one gap, the outlines of which form a second, different from the first, information element. 2. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the background layer is a background printed layer. 3. The security element according to claim 2, characterized in that the background printed layer is applied in the form of a pattern, and the outline of the pattern forms an information element. 4. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the intaglio printing layer is applied with dark printing ink, in particular black, violet, brown, dark blue or dark green printing ink. 5. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface area covered by the intaglio printing layer overlaps the surface area covered by the colored background layer. 6. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the fine structure lines have a line width b of 50-500 microns, preferably 100-200 microns. 7. The security element according to claim 6, characterized in that the fine structure lines are applied with an interval between lines from 0.8 · b to 1.6 · b, where b is the width of the lines. 8. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the fine structure lines have an engraving depth of 5-250 microns, preferably 70-120 microns. 9. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the first information element in the intaglio printing layer is surrounded by a positive or negative boundary contour. 10. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the intaglio printing layer contains a surrounding boundary portion with a high degree of surface coverage with printing ink. 11. The security element of claim 10, characterized in that the surrounding boundary portion of the intaglio printing layer covers the boundary of the background layer. 12. The security element of claim 10, characterized in that the fine structure lines on the surrounding boundary portion are plotted with an interval from 0.8 · b to 1.0 · b, where b is the line width. 13. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the intaglio printing layer contains substances with machine-readable features, in particular substances with magnetic properties, substances that are absorbing or transparent to infrared radiation, or phosphorescent, fluorescent or other luminescent substances. 14. The security element according to claim 2, characterized in that the background printed layer is applied in a uniform shade. 15. The security element according to claim 2, characterized in that the background printing layer is applied with metallic printing ink. 16. The security element according to claim 2, characterized in that the background printed layer contains substances with machine-readable features, in particular substances transparent to infrared radiation, phosphorescent, fluorescent or other luminescent substances. 17. The security element according to claim 2, characterized in that the background printed layer contains at least one gap, the outlines of which form an information element. 18. The security element according to claim 2, characterized in that both the intaglio printing layer and the background printing layer contain an information element. 19. The security element according to claim 18, characterized in that the intaglio printing layer and the background printing layer contain information elements that are associated with each other or complement each other. 20. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the first information element is a picture, portrait, logo or code, for example a bar code or a string of alphanumeric characters. 21. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer with variable optical properties contains pigments with variable optical properties, pigments of the interference layer or pigments made on the basis of liquid crystal polymers. 22. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer with variable optical properties implements the effect of a color change. 23. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer with variable optical properties contains at least one gap, the outlines of which form an additional information element. 24. The security element according to claim 23, wherein the additional information element in the layer with variable optical properties is associated with or complements this information element in the intaglio printing layer and / or the background layer. 25. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface area covered with a layer with variable optical properties overlaps the surface area covered with an intaglio printing layer. 26. The security element of claim 25, wherein the security element in the surface area coated with a layer with variable optical properties and not covered with a gravure printing layer has a light color. 27. A security element with variable optical properties to protect valuable objects, having at least one information element formed by a sequence of layers containing a colored background layer and an intaglio printing layer deposited on the background layer, and also having one transparent layer with variable optical properties, plotted on an information element, moreover
the intaglio printing layer has a fine structure containing variously oriented parallel lines, the outlines of which form the first information element; and
the background layer is a background printing layer applied in the form of a pattern, while the outline of the pattern forms a second, different from the first, information element. 28. The security element according to claim 27, characterized in that the intaglio printing layer contains at least one gap, the outlines of which form an additional information element. 29. The security element according to claim 27, wherein the intaglio printing layer is applied with dark printing ink, in particular black, violet, brown, dark blue or dark green printing ink. 30. The security element according to claim 27, wherein the surface portion covered by the intaglio layer overlaps the surface portion covered by the colored background layer. 31. The security element according to claim 27, wherein the fine structure lines have a line width b of 50-500 microns, preferably 100-200 microns. 32. The security element according to claim 27, characterized in that the fine structure lines are applied at intervals between lines of 0.8 · b to 1.6 · b, where b is the width of the lines. 33. The security element of claim 32, wherein the fine structure lines have an engraving depth of 5-250 microns, preferably 70-120 microns. 34. The security element according to claim 27, wherein the first information element in the intaglio printing layer is surrounded by a positive or negative boundary contour. 35. The security element according to claim 27, wherein the intaglio printing layer comprises a surrounding boundary portion with a high degree of coverage of the surface with printing ink. 36. The security element according to claim 35, characterized in that the surrounding boundary portion of the intaglio printing layer covers the boundary of the background layer. 37. The security element according to claim 35, characterized in that the fine structure lines in the surrounding boundary portion are plotted with an interval of 0.8 · b to 1.0 · b, where b is the width of the lines. 38. The security element according to claim 27, wherein the intaglio printing layer contains substances with machine-readable features, in particular substances with magnetic properties, substances that are absorbing or transparent to infrared radiation, or phosphorescent, fluorescent or other luminescent substances. 39. The security element according to claim 27, characterized in that the background printed layer is applied in a uniform shade. 40. The security element according to claim 27, wherein the background printing layer is applied with metallic printing ink. 41. The security element according to claim 27, characterized in that the background printed layer contains substances with machine-readable features, in particular substances transparent to infrared radiation, phosphorescent, fluorescent or other luminescent substances. 42. The security element according to item 27, wherein the background printed layer contains at least one gap, the outlines of which form an information element. 43. The security element according to claim 27, characterized in that the intaglio printing layer and the background printing layer contain information elements that are associated with each other or complement each other. 44. The security element according to claim 27, wherein the information element is a picture, portrait, logo or code, such as a bar code or a string of alphanumeric characters. 45. The security element according to claim 27, characterized in that the layer with variable optical properties contains pigments with variable optical properties, interference layer pigments or pigments made on the basis of liquid crystal polymers. 46. The security element according to paragraph 24, wherein the layer with variable optical properties implements the effect of a color change. 47. The security element according to claim 27, characterized in that the layer with variable optical properties contains at least one gap, the outlines of which form an additional information element. 48. The security element according to clause 47, wherein the additional information element in the layer with variable optical properties is associated with or complements this information element in the intaglio printing layer and / or the background layer. 49. The security element according to claim 27, characterized in that the surface area covered with a layer with variable optical properties overlaps the surface area covered with an intaglio printing layer. 50. The security element according to claim 49, wherein the security element in the surface area coated with a layer with variable optical properties and not covered with a gravure printing layer has a light color. 51. A method of manufacturing a security element according to any one of claims 1 to 26, in which
on the base is applied, preferably by printing, a color background layer,
an intaglio printing layer is applied to the background layer, the sequence of layers consisting of the background layer and the intaglio printing layer contains a first, information element and a second information element different from the first, and
a transparent layer with variable optical properties is applied to the information element, preferably by a printing method. 52. The method according to § 51, wherein the intaglio printing layer is applied with dark printing ink, in particular black, violet, brown, dark blue or dark green printing ink. 53. The method according to 51, wherein the intaglio printing layer is applied to a surface area that covers a colored background layer. 54. The method according to 51, wherein the intaglio printing layer is applied with at least one gap, the outlines of which form an additional information element. 55. The method according to 51, wherein the intaglio printing layer is applied in the form of a thin structure containing variously oriented parallel lines, the outlines of which form an information element. 56. The method according to p, characterized in that the background printed layer is applied a uniform shade. 57. The method of pop 51, characterized in that the background printing layer is applied with metallic printing ink. 58. The method according to 51, wherein the background layer is applied with at least one gap, the outlines of which form an information element. 59. The method according to § 51, wherein the background layer is applied in the form of a pattern, and the outline of the pattern forms an information element. 60. The method according to 51, wherein the background layer is applied by offset printing, indirect printing or screen printing. 61. The method according to 51, wherein the layer with variable optical properties is applied with at least one gap, the outlines of which form an additional information element. 62. The method according to 51, characterized in that the layer with variable optical properties is applied to a portion of the surface that covers the intaglio printing layer. 63. The method according to § 51, wherein the layer with variable optical properties is applied by screen printing. 64. A method of manufacturing a security element according to any one of paragraphs.27-50, in which
on the base is applied, preferably by printing, a color background layer,
an intaglio printing layer is applied to the background layer, the sequence of layers consisting of the background layer and the intaglio printing layer contains a first information element and a second information element different from the first, and
a transparent layer with variable optical properties is applied to the information element, preferably by a printing method. 65. The method according to item 64, wherein the intaglio printing layer is applied with dark printing ink, in particular black, purple, brown, dark blue or dark green printing ink. 66. The method according to item 64, wherein the intaglio printing layer is applied to the surface area that covers the colored background layer. 67. The method according to item 64, wherein the intaglio printing layer is applied with at least one gap, the outlines of which form an information element. 68. The method according to item 64, wherein the intaglio printing layer is applied in the form of a thin structure containing variously oriented parallel lines, the outlines of which form an information element. 69. The method according to item 64, wherein the background printed layer is applied a uniform shade. 70. The method according to item 64, wherein the background printing layer is applied with a metal printing ink. 71. The method according to item 64, wherein the background layer is applied with at least one gap, the outlines of which form an information element. 72. The method according to item 64, wherein the background layer is applied in the form of a pattern, and the shape of the pattern forms an information element. 73. The method according to item 64, wherein the background layer is applied by offset printing, indirect printing or screen printing. 74. The method according to item 64, wherein the layer with variable optical properties is applied with at least one gap, the outlines of which form an additional information element. 75. The method according to item 64, wherein the layer with variable optical properties is applied to a surface area that covers the intaglio printing layer. 76. The method according to item 64, wherein the layer with variable optical properties is applied by screen printing. 77. Valuable item equipped with a security element according to any one of claims 1 to 26. 78. Valuable item according to clause 77, wherein the information element of the security element is associated with or complements the information element deposited on another section of the same valuable item. 79. The valuable item according to item 77, characterized in that it represents a security, valuable document or packaging of products. 80. Valuable item equipped with a security element according to any one of claims 27-50. 81. Valuable item according to claim 80, characterized in that the information element of the security element is associated with or complements the information element deposited on another section of the same valuable item. 82. A valuable item according to claim 80, characterized in that it is a security, valuable document or packaging of products.

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