RU2396428C1 - Pneumatic chipper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining and construction. Chipper comprises handle, barrel equipped with holes, intermediate link, valve, valve cover, striker, chamber of working travel arranged along longitudinal axis of barrel formed by valve cover and inner surface of barrel, where striker is installed with the possibility of displacement, and idle run chamber arranged inside barrel coaxially to working travel chamber, circular chamber, jacket with holes. Intermediate link is made of jacket and bushing, joined as a whole, mechanism of gas distribution is made of parts, which perform functions of box and seat, and also from cover and valve, inside jacket there is an expansion chamber formed by inner surface of jacket and jacket seal adjacent to external surface of barrel. Working travel chamber communicates with idle run chamber with the first axial hole arranged in inner part of barrel, and idle run chamber communicates with expansion chamber with the second axial opening arranged in outer part of barrel, box and seat of gas distribution mechanism are functionally combined and arranged in the form of valve barrel, and intermediate link is arranged with circular chamber formed as circular bore at the end of intermediate link inverted to handle. Intermediate link is arranged with circular chamber formed as circular bore at the end of intermediate link inverted to handle. Circular bore is also arranged between outer surface of intermediate link and inner surface of barrel and communicates with outer external surface of valve body. Valve body is equipped with bushing fixed on its external surface. There is a central hole arranged in valve body, as well as radial holes. There are crosswise slots communicated with circular chamber by means of circular bore arranged between opposite ends of valve body and valve cover. Valve is installed in area of slots crossing with the possibility to open-close central hole. Radial holes are communicated with chamber of working travel by means of joined holes arranged in valve body, in cover, in barrel bore and arranged along longitudinal axis between slots. Barrel bore communicates with chamber of working travel by means of hole arranged inside barrel between bore and part of working travel chamber, which is most remote from valve cover. Body is arranged from elastic material and is equipped with external ledges. Jacket seal comprises holes to exhaust spent air arranged longitudinally between external surface of barrel and seal of jacket and are inverted from handle.

EFFECT: simplified design, improved noise and vibration protection.

5 cl, 8 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to construction and mining, in particular to pneumatic hammers for the destruction of hard rocks and materials, such as asphalt, concrete or cement screed.

State of the art

Known pneumatic percussion machine, comprising a jacket-casing, a handle connected to it, a barrel with a working chamber freely installed in the jacket-casing, placed therein and dividing it into forward and reverse cameras, a striker, a starting device and an air distribution device connected to forward and reverse cameras with longitudinal and dividing channels (SU, 1384370, publ. 30.03.1988).

Known pneumatic jackhammer containing a handle, a barrel, an intermediate link, an impactor, a working and idle chamber, an annular chamber, a casing with holes, while the intermediate link is made of a shirt and a sleeve that are pressed into each other, making up one whole, the gas distribution mechanism consists of a box, seat, cover, valve, pins, made without welding (patent for utility model RU, No. 46812, publ. 2005.07.27).

In this device, the barrel has two deep holes and a four-sided outer surface, on which a metal sleeve is put on from the outside, together with the faces, it forms four chambers for the exhaust air outlet and damping noise.

The limitations of these pneumatic hammer devices are:

1. The design of the gas distribution mechanism, in which the valve box and seat are made in the form of separate parts, which creates an additional plane of the connector in this mechanism and thereby reduces the reliability and tightness of the mechanism due to the gap in which dust gets during operation. This prevents the parts from closing tightly, which in turn leads to air leakage and a drop in hammer power.

2. The casing-shirt, made of steel, has the following disadvantages:

- low vibration protection;

- low noise protection;

- the exhaust air is drawn out through the cap (made of steel) radially, in the immediate vicinity of the handle and under certain conditions (for example, when working in a horizontal position) is directed directly to the worker;

- the air outlet openings in the cap are in close proximity to the idle channels, so the air is released into the atmosphere under pressure, which creates significant noise and leads to overcooling of the working parts of the hammer and water and oil vapors in the exhaust air, which, in turn, leads to to stop the hammer;

- high complexity of manufacturing and assembly.

The closest is a pneumatic breaker hammer, containing a handle, a barrel equipped with holes, an intermediate link, a valve, a valve cover, a hammer, a working chamber formed by the hammer face, a valve cover and the barrel’s inner surface, and an idle chamber located inside the barrel coaxially to the camera the working stroke, the annular chamber, the casing with holes, and the drummer is installed with the possibility of its retention relative to the barrel, while the intermediate link is made of a shirt and a sleeve, making about but the whole, the gas distribution mechanism is made of parts that perform the functions of a box and a seat, as well as a cover and a valve, an expansion chamber is formed inside the casing, formed by the inner surface of the casing, the outer surface of the barrel and the seal of the casing adjacent to the outer surface of the barrel, and the working chamber the stroke is communicated with the idle chamber by the first axial hole made in the inner part of the barrel, and the idle chamber is communicated with the expansion chamber by the second axial hole made in the outside of the barrel, the box and the seat of the gas distribution mechanism are functionally combined and made in the form of a valve body, and the intermediate link is made with an annular chamber made in the form of an annular groove at the end of the intermediate link facing the handle (utility model patent RU, No. 83288, publ. . 2009.05.27).

In this technical solution, the intermediate link is made monolithic with an annular chamber made in the form of an annular groove at the end of the intermediate link facing the handle, and the gearbox and the seat of the gas distribution mechanism are functionally combined and fixed together by welding or made as a single monolithic part - the valve body .

In the known device it is possible to simplify the assembly, increase power and reliability by eliminating the violation of structural integrity and eliminating the violation of the tightness of the connection of parts.

However, this technical solution has disadvantages:

- it is quite difficult to functionally combine the box and the seat of the gas distribution mechanism, and even more so to fix them together by welding or to perform as a single monolithic part, this leads to a complication of the design;

- in the manufacture of an annular chamber, made in the form of an annular groove only at the end of the intermediate link facing the handle, it is rather difficult to connect this chamber to the gas distribution mechanism;

- the casing has low protection against vibration and noise;

- the exhaust air is drawn out through the casing radially, in the immediate vicinity of the handle and under certain conditions (for example, when working in a horizontal position) is directed directly to the worker;

- the air outlet openings in the casing are in close proximity to the idle channels, so the air is released into the atmosphere under pressure, which creates significant noise and leads to overcooling of the working parts of the hammer and water and oil vapors in the exhaust air, which, in turn, can cause the hammer to stop;

- a sufficiently high complexity of manufacturing and assembly due to the complexity of the design of the gas distribution mechanism or the use of welding.

Disclosure of invention

The task to which the invention is directed, is to increase technical and operational characteristics, maintainability, assembly and reliability of the product, to increase the durability and efficiency of the pneumatic jackhammer.

The technical result of the proposed device is to simplify the device, improve noise and vibration protection, to further increase power and reliability by eliminating the violation of the tightness of the parts.

To solve the problem with the achievement of the specified technical result in the known pneumatic hammer, containing a handle, a barrel equipped with holes, an intermediate link, a valve, a valve cover, a hammer, a travel chamber located along the longitudinal axis of the barrel, formed by the valve cover and the inner surface of the barrel in which the firing pin is mounted with the ability to move, and an idle chamber located inside the barrel coaxially with the working chamber, an annular chamber, a casing with holes mi, while the intermediate link is made of a shirt and a sleeve, being a single unit, the gas distribution mechanism is made of parts that perform the functions of a box and a seat, as well as a cover and a valve, an expansion chamber is formed inside the casing, formed by the inner surface of the casing, the outer surface of the barrel and a seal of the casing adjacent to the outer surface of the barrel, and the working chamber communicates with the idling chamber by the first axial hole made in the inner part of the barrel, and the idling chamber communicated with the expansion chamber by a second axial hole made in the outer part of the barrel, the box and the seat of the gas distribution mechanism are functionally combined and made in the form of a valve body, and the intermediate link is made with an annular chamber made in the form of an annular groove at the end of the intermediate link facing the handle, according to the claimed invention, the idling chamber is located around a part of the working chamber, an annular groove is also made between the outer surface of the intermediate link and the inner surface of the barrel and in communication with the outer outer surface of the valve body, the valve body is provided with a sleeve mounted on its outer surface, a central hole is made in the valve body located on the longitudinal axis, and radial holes are made located along the transverse axes and communicated with the central hole, in this case, between the ends of the valve body and the valve cover facing each other, grooves are made, lying crosswise and communicated with the annular chamber by an annular groove, the valve is installed flax in the area of the grooves of the grooves with the possibility of opening-overlapping the central hole of the valve body, and the radial holes are in communication with the working chamber through aligned holes made in the valve body and in the lid, located along the longitudinal axis between the grooves and combined with the bore inside the barrel and the third axial holes made inside the barrel between the bore and the part of the working chamber that is farthest from the valve cover, the casing is made of elastic material and provided with external protrusions ups, and in the seal of the casing, openings are made for exhaust air outlet, located longitudinally between the outer surface of the barrel and the seal of the casing and facing away from the handle.

Additional embodiments of the device are possible, in which it is advisable that:

- rubber was used as an elastic material of the casing;

- the working chamber was communicated with the idle chamber by the first axial hole located further from the gas distribution mechanism, and the idling chamber was communicated with the expansion chamber by the second axial hole located closer to the gas distribution mechanism;

- the valve body sleeve was fixed on its outer surface with a press fitting;

- the casing was made in the form of a monolithic part, and its seal was in the form of a thickening of its wall.

These advantages, as well as features of the present invention are illustrated by the best option for its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief List of Drawings

Figure 1 depicts the claimed device, a longitudinal section;

Figure 2 - the same as figure 1, rotated 90 ° around the longitudinal axis;

Figure 3 - part of the barrel (increased scale in figure 2);

Figure 4 - used gas distribution mechanism, a longitudinal section;

Figure 5 is the same as figure 4, a longitudinal section in the area of aligned holes;

6 is a casing, a longitudinal section;

7 is a view of the outer surface of the casing;

Fig.8 is a view of Fig.6.

The best option for implementation

To simplify reading the drawings, the following specifications are provided. In figures 1, 2 and 3 are shown:

Item No. pos. Name one Lever 2 Valve 3 Intermediate four Valve body 5 Valve 6 Valve cover 7 Cover 8 Trunk 9 Drummer 10 Futorka eleven Nipple 12 Sleeve 13 Annular chamber fifteen Central bore of the valve body 16 Valve body radial bore 17 Combined valve body and bonnet opening eighteen Travel Camera 19 Idle chamber twenty First axial bore 21 Central hole of the intermediate link 22 Intermediate Radial Hole 23 Axial intermediate bore 24 Second axial hole 25 Expansion chamber 26 Casing openings for exhaust air 27 Third axial hole thirty Casing seal 32 Exhaust air movement

Figure 4, 5 shows:

№ п / п pos. Name four Valve body 5 Valve 6 Valve cover 12 Sleeve 13 Annular chamber fourteen Grooves lying crosswise fifteen Central hole (in valve body) 16 Radial bore (in valve body) 17 Combined hole (in valve body and cover) 28 Bore in the valve body (to block the central hole) 29th Timing Connector Line

In Fig.6, 7, 8 are shown:

Item No. pos. Name 25 Expansion chamber 26 Exhaust air vents thirty Casing seal 31 Outdoor ledges 32 Exhaust air movement

The pneumatic jackhammer (Figs. 1, 2, 3) contains a handle 1, a barrel 8 provided with holes, an intermediate link 3, a valve 5, a valve cover 6, a hammer 9, a travel chamber 18 formed by the face of the hammer 9, a valve cover 6 5 and the inner surface of the barrel 8, in which the striker 9 is mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement, and the idle chamber 19 located inside the barrel 8 coaxially with the working stroke chamber 18, the annular chamber 13, the casing 7 with holes. The intermediate link 3 is made of a shirt and a sleeve, making up one whole. The gas distribution mechanism is made of parts that perform the functions of a box and a seat, as well as a cover 6 and a valve 5. Inside the casing 7 there is an expansion chamber 25 formed by the inner surface of the casing 7, the outer surface of the barrel 8 and the seal 30 of the casing 7 adjacent to the outer surface the barrel 8. The working chamber 18 is in communication with the idle chamber 19 with a first axial hole 20 made in the inside of the barrel 8. The idle chamber 19 is connected with the expansion chamber 25 with the second axial hole 24 in the outer portion 8. The barrel wheel and seat valve mechanism operatively combined (in Figures 1-4 can not be isolated in the form of separate parts) and formed as the valve body 4.

The intermediate link 3 (Fig.1-3) is made with an annular chamber 13, made in the form of an annular groove at the end of the intermediate link 3, facing the handle 1.

The idle chamber 19 is located around the part (s) of the working chamber 18. An annular groove is also made between the outer surface of the intermediate link 3 and the inner surface of the barrel 8 (in the form of a channel) and is in communication with the outer outer surface of the housing 4 of the valve 5 (Figs. 3, 4). The housing 4 of the valve 5 is equipped with a sleeve 12 (Fig.3, 4, 5), mounted on its outer surface. In the valve body 4, a central hole 15 is provided located on the longitudinal axis, and radial holes 16 are made along the transverse axes and communicated with the central hole 15. Between the facing ends of the valve body 4 and valve cover 6 are grooves 14 lying crosswise and communicated with the annular chamber 13 by an annular groove (Fig. 4). The valve 5 is installed in the area of the crosshairs of the grooves 14 with the possibility of opening-overlapping the Central hole 15 of the valve body 4. Radial holes 16 (figure 5) are communicated with the camera 18 of the stroke through the aligned holes 17 made in the housing 4 of the valve 5 and in the cover 6 and located along the longitudinal axis between the grooves 14. Combined holes 17 (figure 1,2,3) also aligned with the bore inside the barrel 8 and communicated with the third axial hole 27 made inside the barrel 8 between the bore and the part of the chamber 18 of the stroke, farthest from the cover 6 of the valve 5. The casing 7 (Fig.6-8) is made of elastic material and equipped with external protrusions 31, and in the seal of the casing 30 is made holes 26 (figure 1, 2, 6, 8) for exhaust air (longitudinal grooves), located longitudinally between the outer surface of the barrel 8 and the seal of the casing 30 and facing from the handle 1 (in the opposite direction from it to the working tool).

It is advisable that rubber be used as the elastic material of the casing 7.

In addition, the chamber 18 of the stroke (Figs. 1, 2, 3) is in communication with the chamber 19 of the idle first axial hole 20 located further from the gas distribution mechanism than the second axial hole 24, but closer than the third axial hole 27, and the camera 19 idle is in communication with the expansion chamber 20 by a second axial hole 24, located closer to the gas distribution mechanism.

To exclude the welding process, the sleeve 12 of the housing 4 of the valve 5 is fixed on its outer surface by pressing (Fig. 4, 5).

To simplify the design, the casing 7 (Figs. 1, 2, 6-8) is made in the form of a monolithic part, and its seal 30 is in the form of a thickening of its wall.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that:

The sleeve 12, for example, steel, (FIGS. 4, 5) is pressed onto the valve body 4 in a hot way, which eliminates welding in the manufacture of the valve body 4, reliably seals the radial hole 16, and also improves the accuracy of obtaining working radial holes 16 and combined holes 17 (air exchange). The proposed gas distribution mechanism has only one plane of the connector 29. The proposed design increases the reliability of the mechanism and increases its efficiency, reduces the complexity of manufacturing.

The casing 7 (silencer) is made in the form of a monolithic part (Fig.6-8) made of rubber. The part of the casing 7 facing the working tool is reinforced with a seal 30, which gives the casing 7 increased rigidity and allows you to reliably hold the hammer with your hand when the tool is horizontal or close to it. In the seal 30, through axial holes 26 are made for exhaust air discharge. On the outer surface of the casing 7 (silencer) there are protrusions 31, allowing to increase the rigidity of the structure and the reliability of holding the hammer during operation.

The reinforcement of the casing part 7 adjacent to the barrel 8 by the seal 30 and the use of the rubber mixture as a material can dramatically reduce the vibration and noise perceived by the worker during the operation of the hammer. The withdrawal of exhaust air is carried out towards the working tool and does not create inconvenience and harm to the employee. A significant volume of the expansion chamber 25 in the casing 7 allows to reduce the speed of the exhaust air, to avoid hypothermia and subsidence of the oil-dust mixture, and also to reduce noise from the exhaust. This design of the casing 7 can reduce the complexity of manufacturing and assembling the hammer.

Pneumatic hammer works as follows (Fig.1-3). When you press the handle 1 in the axial direction, the handle 1 moves the valve 3, allowing access of compressed air from the line through the nipple 11 and the foot 10 to the Central hole 21 of the intermediate link 3, from it to the radial hole 22, then through the axial holes 23 into the annular chamber 13 formed by the internal bore in the intermediate link 3 and in the gas distribution mechanism. From the annular chamber 13, compressed air enters the gas distribution mechanism through crosswise lying grooves 14 (Fig. 4) of the valve body 4 into the central hole 15, from it into the radial hole 16 and through the combined holes 17 in the valve cover 6 and the valve body 4 ( 5), the bore in the barrel 8 (Figs. 1-3) enters the working chamber 18 through the third axial hole 27 and then into the idle chamber 19 through the hole 20 depending on the position of the hammer 9 and valve 5 (Fig. 1) -5). While the drummer 9 makes a reciprocating motion in the chamber 18 of the working stroke (Fig.1-3), striking in the lowest position on the working tool. In the extreme upper position, the hammer 9 creates a pressure zone above itself, and the valve 5 (Figs. 4 and 5), moving in the bore 28, is pressed against the valve body 4 and closes the central hole 15. The excess air from the working chamber 18 through the first axial the hole 20 is thrown into the idle chamber 19 (FIGS. 1-3), the pressure drops, and the hammer 9 moves downward, and the valve 5 (FIGS. 4 and 5) is pressed against the cover 6, after which the cycle repeats. The exhaust air from the idle chamber 19 through the second axial hole 24 enters the expansion chamber 25 between the barrel 8 and the casing 7, in which the air pressure drops, after which the air is vented through the openings 26 in the casing 7. At the same time, the casing 7 due to the use of the rubber mixture and design features: reinforcing the part of the casing 7 adjacent to the barrel 8 with a seal 30 (FIGS. 1, 2, 6-8), the presence of openings 26, dampens the resulting vibrations and reduces noise from exhaust air and impact metal parts during the operation of the hammer.

Industrial applicability

The most successfully declared pneumatic jackhammer is industrially applicable in construction and during mining operations.

Claims (5)

1. Pneumatic jackhammer containing a handle, a barrel provided with holes, an intermediate link, a valve, a valve cover, a hammer, a travel chamber located along the longitudinal axis of the barrel, formed by a valve cover and an inner barrel surface in which the hammer is mounted for movement, and an idle chamber located inside the barrel coaxially with the working chamber, an annular chamber, a casing with holes, while the intermediate link is made of a shirt and a sleeve, making up one whole, the mechanism the gas distribution is made of parts that perform the functions of a box and a seat, as well as a cover and a valve, an expansion chamber is formed inside the casing, formed by the inner surface of the casing, the outer surface of the barrel and the seal of the casing adjacent to the outer surface of the barrel, and the working chamber communicates with the camera idling the first axial hole made in the inner part of the barrel, and the idle chamber is in communication with the expansion chamber with a second axial hole made in the outer part of the barrel the ol, the box and the seat of the gas distribution mechanism are functionally combined and made in the form of a valve body, and the intermediate link is made with an annular chamber made in the form of an annular groove at the end of the intermediate link facing the handle, characterized in that the idle chamber is located around the part of the working chamber stroke, an annular groove is also made between the outer surface of the intermediate link and the inner surface of the barrel and is in communication with the outer outer surface of the valve body, valve body equipped with a sleeve mounted on its outer surface, a Central hole located on the longitudinal axis is made in the valve body, and radial holes are made located along the transverse axes and communicated with the Central hole, while between the ends of the valve body and the valve cover facing each other grooves lying crosswise and communicated with the annular chamber by an annular groove, the valve is installed in the area of the grooves of the grooves with the possibility of opening-overlapping the central hole of the housing to apana, and the radial holes are communicated with the working chamber through aligned holes made in the valve body and in the cover, located along the longitudinal axis between the grooves and aligned with the bore inside the barrel, in communication with the third axial hole made inside the barrel between the bore and the part of the working chamber of the stroke farthest from the valve cover, the casing is made of elastic material and provided with external protrusions, and holes for exhaust air outlet are made in the casing seal, located e longitudinally between the outer surface of the barrel and the seal of the casing and facing away from the handle. 2. The hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that rubber is used as the elastic material of the casing. 3. The hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the working chamber communicates with the idling chamber by the first axial hole located further from the gas distribution mechanism than the second axial hole, but closer than the third axial hole, and the idling chamber is communicated with an expansion the chamber of the second axial hole located closer to the gas distribution mechanism. 4. The hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve of the valve body is fixed to its outer surface by pressing. 5. The hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is made in the form of a monolithic part, and its seal is in the form of a thickening of its wall.

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