RU2395357C1 - Procedure for work-piece preliminary de-scaling and scale-breaker for implementation of this procedure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to increased uniformity of preliminary de-scaling and deformation hardening along circumference of work-piece cross-section, and to equipment for primary rough de-scaling surfaces of hot rolled work-pieces - rods; also rough de-scaling is included to system of "mechanical de-scaling-drawing" flow lines. The procedure consists in bending in two mutually perpendicular planes. Minimal possible hardening and raised versatility of treatment of work-pieces of various diametre are facilitated due to bending in two mutually perpendicular planes turned relative to the first pair of planes at 45° angle, when degrees of deformation and radii of bend, exceeding 13-15 diametres of a work-piece, alternately decrease.

EFFECT: scale breaker with corresponding equipment prevents defects of mechanical origin; also length of process flow line is decreased.

12 cl, 6 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to steel-wire and calibration production, in particular to the cleaning of long cylindrical billets (wire rods) from high-quality metals from scale and to equipment for cleaning hot-rolled billets as part of production lines “descaling - wire drawing”.

A known method for removing scale from the surface of wire products, for the implementation of which many bends are used relative to the input and output tension rollers, and all together these bends lead to a fairly strong strain hardening (hardening). In addition, there is also a twisting process, which further strengthens the surface layers of the metal. Although bending is performed in stepped bending rollers, tensile deformation cannot be performed by them: it is necessary that several turns of the workpiece are wound on each of them. These rollers only pull the workpiece and it slides over them, which can lead to damage on the working surfaces of these bending rollers and guide channels. In addition, this method also used an additional twisting drive for the workpiece. Thus, this method cannot be used to break the scale in production lines due to the strong and uneven cross section and length of the strain hardening (Patent No. 1785453, MKI B21B 45/04, publ. 30.12.92, BI No. 48).

The prototype of the invention (in terms of the method) is “The method of processing long products” (A.S. No. 419276, MKI B21B 45/04, B21C 43/04, publ. 15.03.74, BI No. 10). According to this method, by simultaneously bending the product into a loop and twisting in mutually perpendicular planes while continuously drawing it, sections of the product before they are bent into the loop and after it are subjected to vibration-shock impact perpendicular to the axis of the product.

The first disadvantage of the prototype method is that when using it, there is no uniformity of the degree of descaling and the degree of strain hardening of the metal of the product around its circumference. Indeed, although the “general part” of the “subject of invention” refers to twisting (not bending) of the product in mutually perpendicular planes, it is not possible to determine by what signs this action is achieved, either according to the drawings or their description. According to this method, only longitudinal twisting of the product and shock-vibration impact on it are performed.

The second disadvantage is the inappropriateness of the descaling process for products of various diameters and various grades of steel. Again, in this method there are no signs that allow you to change those parameters that must take into account the diameter and material of the workpiece. Here it is possible to change only the rotation speeds of the loop forming roller and disks carrying out the impact, but they are not affected by either the diameter or the material of the workpiece.

In the part of the descaler, the analogue is the well-known “Device for tensioning the unwinding material” (AS No. 408679, MKI B21B 45 \ 04, B21F 1/02, B21F 9/00, publ. 30.11.73, BI No. 48). Here, the stepped rollers are installed at a mutual angle, and their axes intersect, and the intersection point is located on the side of the step of larger diameter.

In such a device (it, according to the purpose of the invention, provides the ability to remove scale, that is, it is a descaler), there are significant disadvantages that prevent its use in in-line technological lines. The first drawback is that tension occurs here, which is accompanied by maximum strain hardening (hardening) over the entire section. The second drawback is that such a descaler has its own drive for rotating stepped rollers (additional energy consumption). The third drawback is that there are no signs that protect the workpiece from its possible scoring by the edges of the rollers, although the rollers are installed at an angle.

Also known is “Scrapbreaker” (A.S. No. 1191136, MKI B21C 43/04, publ. 15.11.85, BI No. 42). It contains a housing with bending rollers installed therein. One of the rollers is installed with the possibility of adjusting movement from an individual drive. Each bending roller is made in the form of a single-cavity hyperboloid; extreme rollers are located in parallel in a horizontal plane; the middle roller is installed with the possibility of adjusting movement from the drive, and the drive is made in the form of a U-shaped traverse suspended on the housing by means of an adjusting screw, and the roller is freely mounted on the traverse.

This descaler is characterized by a disadvantage - uneven degree of hardening of the workpiece around its circumference due to the location of the rollers in one plane. But at the same time, this descaling agent has an undoubted advantage - the working surfaces of its rollers bending the workpiece are made in the form of a single-cavity hyperboloid, that is, smoothly rounded, which makes it possible for the product to successfully bend the rollers without any misalignment with any misalignments and with random rotation of the axes of the rollers.

In addition, a cone pan with a window for descaling for its further disposal is made at this descaling machine under the casing. A sign of having a pallet for cleaning exfoliated scale is useful in any case.

The prototype of the group of the proposed inventions (in terms of the device) is “A device for cleaning the wire surface from scale” (AS No. 764762, MKI ³ B21B 45/04, B21C 43/04, publ. 23.09.80, BI No. 35). This device includes a housing and at least two rollers mounted on the axes of rotation and located in mutually perpendicular planes. One of the rollers is eccentrically mounted on the axis, while the rollers are mounted at a distance exceeding the circumference of the outer surface of the eccentric roller.

The prototype is characterized by the following disadvantages:

- a reduced degree of uniformity of treatment and strengthening deformations around the circumference of the billet section;

- its inability to specific diameters of the workpiece;

- the possibility of damage to the surface of the workpiece during cleaning;

- the absence of a sign of the possibility of timely cleaning of scale from under the rollers for its further disposal;

- the absence of signs that ensure a decrease in the overall length of the entire line.

The objectives of the invention are

in terms of the method:

- increasing the uniformity of the degree of descaling and the degree of strain hardening of the workpiece metal along the circumferences of its sections;

- adaptation of the descaling process to billets of various diameters and various grades of steel;

in the part of the descaler:

- increasing the degree of uniformity of deformations that affect cleaning, and reinforcing deformations over the cross section of the hot-rolled billet;

- adaptation of the descaler to the processing of a specific range of workpiece diameters (assortment of workpieces calibrated on a specific drawing mill);

- reducing the size and metal structure;

- providing conditions that exclude damage to the surface of the workpiece during its cleaning;

- ensuring the timeliness of descaling from the descaler rollers;

- reducing the overall length of the entire production line.

The objectives of the invention in terms of the method of pre-cleaning the workpiece from scale, including its alternating bends in different, including mutually perpendicular planes when it is drawn, are performed according to the invention, the bends are produced first in two mutually perpendicular planes and then also in two mutually perpendicular planes , but rotated relative to the first pair of planes by an angle of 45 ° with a successive decrease in the degrees of deformation, and use those bending radii that exceed 13-15 diameters of the workpiece.

In addition, the front end of the workpiece can be fastened to the drum of the drawing mill before starting to broach and bend.

Indeed, in the inventive method, the preform is bent in five planes relatively evenly distributed around its circumference, since with this type of deformation, tensile and compression stresses are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the preform and their plots will be close to a regular octagon, very close in shape to a circle. This additionally confirms the uniformity of the distribution of deformations that affect cleaning, and reinforcing deformations around the circumference of the section of the workpiece; it remains only to determine the magnitude of these deformations so as not to cause excessive hardening of the workpiece metal, since at least eight-fold repetition of reinforcing deformations (bending and bending on each of the first 4 rollers) takes place here.

The objectives of the invention in part descaling, containing a housing and at least two rollers mounted on the axis of rotation in mutually perpendicular planes, are performed according to the invention it additionally contains two mutually perpendicular rollers mounted at an angle of 45 ° to the first pair of mutually perpendicular rollers, an additional roller is also installed, its axis is perpendicular to the axis of one of the previous rollers, the diameters of the rollers are greater than 26-30 diameters of the workpiece, in the direction of pulling the rollers are arranged in increasing order of their diameters, the working surface of each roller is rounded, the radius of rounding is not less than the largest radius of the workpiece, the width of the working groove of the roller is made not less than two maximum diameters of the workpiece, each roller is fixed at an angle of 3-5 ° to the direction of broaching the workpiece at the place it touches this workpiece.

In addition, the rollers can be installed in the housing in such a way that their projections parallel to the direction of drawing of the workpiece partially overlap.

In addition, the last roller can be installed horizontally, a hole can be made in the housing opposite each roller, the housing can be located perpendicular to the direction of broaching the workpiece.

In addition, the housing can be made with the possibility of its rotation and translation of the last roller from a vertical position to horizontal and vice versa.

In addition, each of the rollers can be equipped with a servo drive for bending the workpiece with the possibility of turning it off.

In addition, the servo drive can be made common to all rollers and can be equipped with a shaft with the possibility of its alternate connection and disconnection for each roller.

In addition, the depth of the working groove of each roller can be made larger than the diameter of the workpiece, holes can be made at the edges of the groove with the possibility of inserting and removing the rods fixing the workpiece.

In addition, the filling pliers can be made with a transverse dimension not exceeding the transverse dimension of the groove of the roller.

In addition, the length of the handle of the filling pliers can be made not less than the radius of the smallest roller.

In addition, it (descaler) can be equipped with a capacity for accumulation of scale with the possibility of its subsequent emptying.

The invention is illustrated in figures 1-6, illustrating specific examples of the implementation of descaler for the implementation of this method:

figure 1 is a General view of the entire production line with descaling agent in its composition;

figure 2 - descaling machine with individual filling servos of the rollers located along the production line;

figure 3 - descaling machine with a common filling servo-drive rollers located across the production line;

figure 4 - axial section of the roller;

figure 5 - the initial position of the fueling elements when refueling a workpiece with a larger diameter than 6.5 mm;

figure 6 - the subsequent position of the fueling elements.

The following symbols are given in the drawings: the directions of entry and exit of the workpiece from the descaler are shown by contour arrows; the angles between the elements of the bearing rollers of the descaling case are also shown, on which the 1st and 2nd pairs of mutually perpendicular rollers and the last 5th are fixed, equal to 45 °; figure 2 axial lines show a possible arrangement of elements of a common servo drive for refueling the workpiece; letter designations: R - the minimum value of the radii of rounding of the working surfaces of the rollers; d ₀ is the maximum envelope diameter of a given workpiece roller. In addition, the descaler can be equipped with a protective casing that protects the surrounding personnel and the territory from contamination of the exfoliated and scattered from the sequence of dross rollers (casing elements are also not shown). The pliers have a handle that provides them with a lever with a length L _lever .

The invention consists in the following.

According to the method for preliminary cleaning of workpieces from scale, which is produced by alternately bending it in mutually perpendicular planes, bending is carried out first in two mutually perpendicular planes and then in two mutually perpendicular planes, but rotated by an angle of 45 ° relative to the first planes, with the radii of curvature alternately increasing workpieces, and they use only those bending radii from the number of the latter that exceed 13-15 diameters of the workpiece, therefore, firstly, the degree of deformation character form a high uniformity of the preform cross section circumferentially, since these deformations curve is close to a regular octagon, which causes high uniformity of cleaning and hardening degrees, and this has a positive effect on the subsequent drawing; in addition, this degree of hardening cannot be too large, since they begin to bend from the minimum allowable radii and continue in ascending order.

For calculations, it is necessary to set the relative elongation of the surface layers of the workpiece, the same for each example of deformation.

So, let the diameters of the workpiece to be processed range from 6.5 mm to 12 mm; dividing this interval at equal intervals into 4 sections (according to the number of bends), we obtain diameters approximately corresponding to the standard series of workpiece diameters: 6.5; 8.3; 10.1; 12 mm, which can be used to calculate suitable bending radii of the workpiece.

Thus, if the radius of the 1st bend in the claimed invention for a workpiece ↓ 6.5 mm is 91 mm, then it begins to bend from this radius and then with all the rest, larger bend radii.

If the workpiece ↓ is 8.3 mm or close to that (8.0 mm), then it is bent, starting from the radius of the second bend, and its radius, determined by the same dependence, is approximately 125 mm.

If the workpiece ↓ 10.1 mm (approximately 10 mm), then the corresponding radius of the third bend, from which in this case the processing of the workpiece begins, is 152 mm.

Finally, if the workpiece is ↓ 12 mm, then the radius of the 4th bend is 180 mm, and the processing of the workpiece should begin with it, which means that the 5th bend must also be organized, perpendicular to any of the previous ones (they are equivalent) so that perform the task of uniformity, and its radius will be approximately proportional, approximately 220 mm.

The fulfillment of the objectives of the invention in terms of the method is displayed in table form:

Radii of successive bends; mm Sequential bending numbers one 2 3 four 5 Workpiece diameters, mm 6.5 91 125 152 180 220 8.0 125 152 180 220 10.0 152 180 220 12.0 180 220

A specific example of the method.

For a blank ↓ 16.5 mm, bending begins with its curvature with a 1st radius of curvature of approximately 91 mm, a radius of the 2nd curvature of 125 mm, a third of 152 mm, a fourth of 180 mm, and finally 5th - 220 mm. If the workpiece is 8 mm, the bend begins with its curvature with the 2nd radius of curvature approximately equal to 125 mm, and the radius of the 3rd bend - 152 mm, the 4th - 180 mm, and, finally, the 5th - 220 mm . Further, if the workpiece is 10 mm, then its bending begins with a curvature with a 3rd radius of curvature of approximately 152 mm, a radius of the 4th bend of 180 mm and, finally, of the 5th bend of 220 mm. Finally, if the workpiece is 12 mm, then its bending begins with curvature with a 4th radius of curvature of approximately 180 mm, and the last 5th radius of curvature of the bend of the workpiece is approximately 220 mm.

The method of preliminary cleaning of the workpiece from scale is as follows.

According to the invention, the inventive method for pre-cleaning the workpiece from scale is produced by alternately bending the workpiece, and bending is first carried out in two mutually perpendicular planes and then in two mutually perpendicular planes, but turned relative to the first by an angle of 45 °, but the bend is produced with alternately increasing radii of curvature billets and use only those bending radii from among the latter that exceed the allowable for the corresponding diameter and grade of steel ivaemoy preform.

So, in specific cases, for example, if a workpiece ↓ 16.5 mm is bent, starting from its curvature with a 1st radius of curvature equal to about 91 mm, then the next radius of the 2nd bend is 125 mm, the third is 152 mm , 4th - 180 mm and, finally, 5th - 220 mm. In this case, the first two bends are made in mutually perpendicular planes, and the third and fourth bends are the same in mutually perpendicular, but rotated relative to the first pair of mutually perpendicular planes by ∠45 °. The fifth bend is produced in any of these planes, for example, in the horizontal.

If the workpiece is 8 mm, it is bent, starting with a curvature with a 2nd radius of curvature approximately equal to 125 mm, and a radius of the 3rd bend - 152 mm, the 4th - 180 mm and, finally, the 5th - 220 mm. In this case, mutually perpendicular planes of the 3rd and 4th bends are rotated relative to the plane of the 2nd by ∠∠45 and 135 °, and everything else is similar to the first case.

Further, if the workpiece is ↓ 10 mm, then it is bent, starting with a curvature with a 3rd radius of curvature of approximately 152 mm, and a radius of the 4th bend of 180 mm and, finally, of the 5th, 220 mm. In this case, the plane of the fifth bend is rotated relative to mutually perpendicular to the third and fourth bend by ∠∠45 and 135 °.

Finally, if the preform is 4.12 mm, then it is bent, starting from curvature with a 4th radius of curvature, which is approximately 180 mm, and the last bend radius of the preform is approximately 220 mm. In this case, the plane of the 4th bend is perpendicular to the plane of the 5th.

The inventive descaler is arranged as follows.

The descaler (Fig. 1) includes a housing 1, which is the supporting rollers and supporting structure for them, a pair of mutually perpendicular rollers is fixed on it, the first 2 of them have an approximate diameter of 182 mm, the second 3 is made with a diameter of 250 mm. Next, along the stretched blank, there is a 2nd pair of mutually perpendicular rollers rotated относительно45 ° relative to the 1st pair, the 1st of this pair (i.e. the third 4 along the blank) the roller has a diameter of 304 mm, and the fourth 5 is made with a diameter of 360 mm, then perpendicular, for example, the second is located the fifth 6 last roller having an approximate diameter of 440 mm, located vertically and therefore the descaling tool is placed along the entire production line. The rollers placed in the picture plane with respect to the drawn blank are installed with the mutual overlap of their projections on this picture plane.

The descaler can be equipped with individual servos for refueling each roller (figure 2), consisting, for example, of an electric motor 7, which reduces the speed and increases the torque of the gearbox 8, for example, the planetary gear as the most compact and economical, and the drive shaft 9 (shown hidden under it casing).

The last 5th roller can be installed horizontally (Fig. 3), and in the case, opposite each roller, except for the 5th, a hole 10 can be cut for receiving the workpiece from the unwinding device to this roller, and the entire descaling agent must be placed across the entire production line, which will save its overall length. The filling servo drive is made common to the entire descaler and mounted on an external support. It is equipped with a shaft 11, for example a telescopic (elongate) and equipped with cardan type hinges 12 and detachable connections 13 for temporarily connecting the drive shaft to each of the rollers when refueling the workpiece.

The forming profile of the working surface 14 (figure 4) of all the rollers should be rounded, and the minimum radius of curvature of the working surface of the groove of the roller should not significantly exceed half the maximum of the envelope diameters of this workpiece roller (for the above specific examples: for the 1st roller, the minimum radius the rounding will be approximately 3.3 mm, for the 2nd roller - 4.2 mm, for the 3rd - 5.1 mm, for the 4th and 5th - 6.2 mm each).

The ribs of the working grooves of the rollers are provided with holes 15 for inserting the fixing rods 16 (Figs. 4, 5, 6).

The filling end 17 of the workpiece (FIGS. 5, 6), when mechanized to fill it in the descaler, can, if necessary, be clamped in special filling pliers 18 attached to a strong and flexible rope 19.

Each roller should be additionally inclined to the plane formed by its center and the direction of movement of the workpiece, at an angle of 3-5 ° (these angles are not shown and are not indicated to avoid complicating the drawings).

As part of the production line, a long cylindrical billet is initially located on the unwinding device 20 (Fig. 1). In front of the first (and each, on which the workpiece can be received) roller, a guide stand 21 is installed, consisting of two horizontal and two vertical (not shown) rollers to prevent the curved workpiece from falling off the initial roller when the workpiece tension is almost absent. Under the descaler, below the floor, there is a recess 22. The bevels 23 are designed to guide the scale onto the conveyor belt. It consists of a flexible tape 24, a guide 25, a drive 26 and supporting 27 rolls, a drive belt 28 (or chain) and a drive motor 29.

Nearby, for example, under the gap between the descaler and the unwinder, convenient for handling with lifting equipment, there is a chamber 30. For convenience and safety, it is closed by a lattice lid 31. There is a bucket 32 in it for accumulating descaling from the conveyor. A bucket, for example, has eyes for slinging it before being transported by a crane. The bucket should be placed in the chamber so that the descaling end of the conveyor is above the bucket.

Pulling the workpiece through the entire production line (figure 1) is carried out by means of the traction drum of the drawing mill 33.

The descaler for implementing the method of pre-cleaning the workpiece from scale is as follows.

As part of the combined line (Fig. 1), the workpiece 17 is wound from the cantilever unwinding device 20 and passes through the descaler, and to bend around the 1st roller, the workpiece first passes through the guide stand 21. In the recess 22, using the guides, the exfoliated scale of the bevels 23 of the scale is sprinkled onto conveyor belt 24. The conveyor moves thanks to the guide 25 and drive 26 rolls. The conveyor belt is supported by support rollers 27. The conveyor is driven through a chain or belt drive 28 from an electric motor 29. A recess 22 communicates with a cavity 30 covered by a barred cover 31, and there is a bucket 32 therein for accumulating the conveyor supplied for further disposal of exfoliated scale. The workpiece is drawn through the descaler and other devices located in the production line, for example, by a single drawing mill 33.

If the workpiece ↓ is 6.5 mm, then it is fed to the first roller 2 with a diameter of 182 mm, which it bends around, and then goes to the second roller 3 with a diameter of 250 mm perpendicular to it, and from it goes to the first two third roller 4 with a diameter of 304 mm and also envelops it, after which the workpiece enters the fourth roller 5, perpendicular to the third, having a diameter of 360 mm, after which the workpiece surrounds the fifth roller 6 with a diameter of 440 mm. This roller is the last, and if the layout of the casing 1 of the descaler is such that it is vertical (Fig. 2), then the workpiece should not, around the 5th roller, change the direction of movement, and therefore it bends around it at an angle of 360 °, forming a loop. This (fifth 6th) roller is inclined in a horizontal plane by an angle of 3-5 °, which prevents the beginning and end of this turn of the workpiece (on the roller) from mutual friction, which can damage the surface of the workpiece, reducing the quality of all operations and finished products made further in the technological line . In addition, since the working surfaces of the rollers have a smooth, rounded shape (Fig. 4), this also protects the workpiece surface from damage against the working surface of the roller. Thus, the scale effectively exfoliates from the surface of the workpiece and scatters under the action of centrifugal forces, but the protective cover (not shown) does not allow it to contaminate the adjacent territory, which directs this scale to the belt conveyor 25 located below the casing 1 (Figure 1), which, for example, turns on from time to time and performs timely cleaning of the scale for its further disposal.

If the workpiece has a diameter of about 8 mm, then due to excessive hardening it cannot be bent on the first roller 2 with a diameter of 182 mm, therefore, it goes through the hole 10 (Fig. 3) directly to the second roller 3, where, bending it around an angle of 360 °, passes it without changing the direction of movement. The second (horizontal) roller 3 is also inclined by an angle of 3-5 ° relative to the direction of movement of the workpiece in this place, but this inclination is already made in a vertical plane (not shown).

Similarly, for each of the diameters of the workpiece, the process of rounding the rollers with it begins with a certain roller (from rollers 2,3,4 or 5), and the workpiece rounds this roller in a spiral, and the resulting coil does not rub.

In addition, if the last fifth roller 6 is installed horizontally (Fig. 3), and a hole 10 is cut in the case, opposite each of the previous rollers, and the entire case is placed perpendicular to the direction of broaching the workpiece in the entire production line, then receiving the workpiece of a certain diameter from the unwinding the device is produced on a roller corresponding to this diameter through an opening 10 opposite this roller.

Refueling wire rod in descaler is as follows.

If the descaler is equipped with individual refueling drives of each roller (Fig. 2), then the refueling end 17 of the initial billet (Fig. 5) is manually fed from the unwinding device of the line, for example, to the first roller 2, pressed it to its groove 14 and inserted into the corresponding hole 15 fixation rod 16 (Fig.4, 5). The refueling servo drive is turned on in the desired direction and its electric motor 7 starts to rotate the gearbox 8, which through the drive shaft 9 starts to rotate the roller with the force in the corresponding direction. Having made the necessary rotation of the roller, the servo is turned off. After inserting the fixation rod 16 into another hole 15 of this roller and removing the previous rod, the servo drive is switched on again and similar broaches are repeated until the front end of the workpiece reaches the groove 14 of the next second roller 3. The process is repeated in the same way when filling the workpiece onto each descaling roller. When refueling the workpiece on the last fifth roller 6 after inserting the fixation rod 16, it (roller 6) is turned by almost one revolution with a servo drive, the workpiece is fixed with another rod 16, the previous one is taken out, the roller is turned again by almost one revolution and the process is repeated until until the filling end of the workpiece reaches the drawing mill.

If the descaler is equipped with a common filling servomotor (Fig. 3), then the workpiece is refilled by alternately connecting the detachable connection 13 in series to each roller, while the telescopic shaft 11 and the cardan hinges 12 of the servo drive facilitate the connection of the drive shaft 9 of the gearbox 8 of the electric motor 7 (which are stationary ) sequentially to each rrlik (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) of the descaler.

If using a descaling tool, a workpiece of a larger diameter than 16.5 mm is cleaned and it is impossible or not recommended to refuel manually, then a mechanized refueling of the workpiece is carried out. In this case, the filling end 17 of the workpiece, which is in the initial position (Figs. 5, 6), is clamped with pincers 18 connected to a flexible and durable rope 19. The front end of the rope is fastened to the traction drum of the drawing mill 33 (Fig. 1). It is turned on at a refueling speed, and the workpiece from its initial starting position (Fig. 5) goes into an intermediate position (Fig. 6) and so on sequentially on all rollers. Moreover, due to the fact that the pliers 18 have a handle such that their length is not less than the radius of the smallest of the rollers (2), they play the role of a bending lever with a length L _lever . Thus, successful bending of all the rollers by billet occurs. After the filling end 17 reaches the workpiece of the drum of the drawing mill 33, the pliers with the rope are removed, the workpiece is loaded onto the drum of the drawing mill in the usual manner and the drum of the mill is turned on at a working speed.

Since each roller is inclined to a plane formed by the direction of movement of the workpiece in this place and its plane at an angle of 3-5 ° (not shown), the turns of the workpiece on the rollers do not rub. Under the housing 1 may be a means for the timely cleaning of the detached from the workpiece scale, for example a conveyor belt 24 (figure 1). When the descaler operates in a combined production line, the workpiece 17 is unwound from the cantilever unwinder 20 and passes through the descaler (see above), and to bend around the first roller 2, the workpiece first passes through the guide stand 21. As a recess 22 is made under the descaler complex and guides of the exfoliated scale bevels 23, this helps the scale to pour onto the belt conveyor 24. The movement of the conveyor is provided by the guides 25 and drive 26 rolls. The drive motor 29 through a chain or belt drive 28 provides the movement of the conveyor. Since the recess 22 is made in communication with the cavity 30, the scale eventually falls into the cavity 30 covered by the barred cover 31 and into the bucket 32 located therein for its accumulation there for further disposal. The workpiece is drawn through the descaler and other devices of this production line, for example, by a single drawing mill 33, which performs the final calibration of the workpiece.

Since the descaler must work as part of the production flow calibration line, it is necessary to determine the amount of counter-tension formed by it, equal to the pulling force of the workpiece through it. An increase in anti-tension can significantly affect the conditions of the drawing process, especially if it exceeds “critical” values.

In addition, an important technical result of the application of the inventions is the high versatility of this descaler. He, unlike all known authors, is capable of processing workpieces with diameters from 6.5 to 12 mm, that is, for a product mix suitable for processing on a specific single calibration mill (for example, VSM-1/650 of the Alma-Ata Heavy Machine-Building Plant - AZTM); but similarly, it is possible to determine the diameters of the rollers of a similar descaling agent for another assortment of workpieces, for example, for workpieces with initial diameters of 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 mm (for example, for the BCM-1/750 drawing mill). It is also quite possible to take into account in experience the features of steels of various grades.

Thus, the proposed invention, in the totality of its new design features, will improve the efficiency of the descaling process by increasing the uniformity of tensile and compressive deformations along the circumferences of the workpiece sections, which cause sufficiently good delamination of the scale with its minimum strain hardening.

In addition, the inventive method for pre-cleaning workpieces from scale and descaling for its implementation have the sign of cyclic alternating deformation of the metal workpiece of decreasing intensity, which will further reduce the degree of final strain hardening of the metal workpiece, which is certainly a very positive property.

The use of the invention in the production of wire or for metal calibration will make it possible to make wider use of effective and environmentally friendly acid-free (physical or mechanical) methods for the final (finer) descaling of the workpiece surface, which has previously been cracked and peeled off of the most fragile part of the scale in the production line combined with drawing mills technological lines.

Claims (12)

1. The method of pre-cleaning the workpiece from scale, including its alternating bends in different mutually perpendicular planes during its drawing, characterized in that the bends are produced first in two mutually perpendicular planes, then in two mutually perpendicular planes, rotated relative to the first pair of planes at an angle of 45 °, with a successive decrease in the degrees of deformation and bending radii exceeding 13-15 diameters of the workpiece. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the front end of the preform before fastening and bending fasten with a drum drawing mill. 3. A descaler for preliminary cleaning of the workpiece from scale, comprising a housing and at least two mutually perpendicular rollers mounted on the axis of rotation, characterized in that it contains two additional mutually perpendicular rollers installed at an angle of 45 ° to the first pair of mutually perpendicular rollers, as well as an additional roller whose axis is perpendicular to the axis of one of the previous rollers, the diameters of the rollers exceed 26-30 diameters of the workpiece, in the direction of drawing the workpiece the rollers are placed in in the order of increasing diameters, the working surface of each roller is rounded, with a radius of rounding not less than the largest radius of the workpiece, and with a working groove whose width is not less than two maximum diameters of the workpiece, with each roller fixed at an angle of 3-5 ° to the direction of broaching the workpiece at the place it touches the workpiece. 4. The descaler according to claim 3, characterized in that the rollers are installed in the housing in such a way that their projections parallel to the direction of drawing of the workpiece partially overlap. 5. The descaler according to claim 3, characterized in that the last roller is mounted horizontally, a hole is made in the housing opposite each roller, the housing is perpendicular to the direction of broaching the workpiece. 6. The descaler according to claim 3, characterized in that the casing is made with the possibility of its turn and transfer of the last roller from a vertical position to horizontal and vice versa. 7. The descaler according to claim 3, characterized in that each of the rollers is equipped with a servo drive for bending the workpiece with the possibility of turning it off. 8. The descaler according to claim 3, characterized in that it has a servo drive common to all the rollers, equipped with a shaft, mounted with the possibility of its alternate connection and disconnection from each roller. 9. The descaler according to claim 3, characterized in that the depth of the working groove of each roller is greater than the diameter of the workpiece, holes are made in the edges of the groove with the possibility of inserting and removing the rods fixing the workpiece. 10. The scale breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that it has a filling pliers, the transverse dimension of which does not exceed the transverse dimension of the groove of the roller. 11. The scale breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that it has a filling pliers, the length of the handle of which is not less than the radius of the smallest roller. 12. The scale breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that it is equipped with a capacity for accumulating scale with the possibility of its subsequent emptying.

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