RU2395249C1 - Dental maxillary implant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of dental implantology, in particular to construction of dental implant, intended for prosthetics of upper jaw teeth in conditions of atrophy of alveolar process of distal parts. Dental maxillary implant contains bush in form of hollow cylinder which has thread on external side for fixation in bone, and thread from internal side - for connection with thread of distracter-screw, made in form of cylindrical rod with thread on external surface and semi-spherical base. Distracter-screw is made with axial threaded hole for installation of syringe needle, stop or suprastructure, axial hole being connected near the base of distracter-screw with two diametrically located orthogonal holes in place of their crossing for passing osteoplastic gel into sinus cavity and further growing of bone tissue into holes. Screw remains in bush, thus elongating construction and increasing total area of implant contact with bone tissues.

EFFECT: said measures ensure reliable implant fixation in bone with high load ability; construction allows to open sinus cavity carefully, introduce osteoplastic gel into it by means of syringe around implant base, and grow bone tissue in conditions of alveolar process atrophy.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medical equipment, namely to dental implantology, and can be used for prosthetics of the teeth of the upper jaw in conditions of atrophy of the alveolar ridge of the distal sections.

The invention is known "Intraosseous maxillary dental implant" [1], containing a body in the form of a cylinder, on the edges of the base of which rectangular plates are installed opposite to each other, a threaded hole for installing a cap screw is made inside the body, and fixation elements made of material with shape memory effect. This implant design allows the implant to be used for atrophy of the alveolar process of the upper jaw in its distal parts. The disadvantage of this invention is determined by the fact that it contributes to the growth of bone tissue (osteoinduction) of the atrophied alveolar process, and therefore the strength of the bone will not provide reliable fixation of the implant at high chewing loads.

The closest technical solution is the invention [2], which is a sleeve made in the form of a hollow cylinder with a screw-distractor, and the sleeve has 2 threads: from the outside for fixing the implant in the bone tissue and from the inside for connection with a syringe needle or with distractor screw. The end of the sleeve and the screw-distractor have a slot for a screwdriver.

The advantage of this design is that it allows to inject an osteoplastic gel through a sleeve into the sinus cavity using a syringe and increase the bone volume of the atrophied alveolar process.

The disadvantages of this invention include the fact that the length of the implant-sleeve, placed in the bone, may not be sufficient to ensure reliable fixation in conditions of high chewing loads.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase the loading capacity of the implant in conditions of atrophy of the alveolar process.

The problem is solved in that in a dental maxillary implant containing a sleeve in the form of a hollow cylinder having a thread on the outside for fixation in the bone, and on the inside a thread for connecting to the thread of the distractor screw, made in the form of a cylindrical rod with thread on the external surface, hemispherical base and axial threaded hole for installing a syringe needle, plug or suprastructure. In this case, the axial hole is connected at the base with two diametrically orthogonally located through holes at the point of their intersection for the passage of the osteoplastic gel into the sinus cavity and subsequent germination in the holes of the bone tissue. The axial hole is made stepped in the upper part in the form of a landing recess, passing into a threaded hole of a smaller diameter.

The technical result consists in the fact that under the conditions of atrophy of the alveolar bone, the design allows the neat screw base to be carefully inserted into the sinus cavity and an osteoplastic gel is inserted through the screw through the screw, which, passing through the orthogonal holes, will spread around the base of the implant, which will subsequently increase bone the cloth. In this case, the screw remains in the sleeve, thereby lengthening the structure and increasing the total area of contact between the implant and bone tissues. Such measures increase the reliability of fixation of the implant in the bone with high load capacity.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings, which depict: in Fig.1 is a General view, and in Fig.2 is a top view of the proposed implant. The proposed implant contains a sleeve 1 in the form of a hollow cylinder. In the upper part of the outer surface there is a smooth rim 2, turning into a thread 3 with a large step to fix the implant in the bone tissue. Inside the sleeve 1 is made a small thread 4, mating with the external thread 5 of the screw-distractor 6. On the end plane in the rim 2 as a slot for a screwdriver two diametrically arranged rectangular grooves 7 are made (Fig. 2). The screw-distractor 6 is made in the form of a cylindrical rod with an axial hole, which begins with a landing recess 8 for the superstructure, stepwise turning into a threaded hole 9 of a smaller diameter for installing a syringe needle, plug or suprastructure. As a slot for a screwdriver in the upper part, made with a shoulder 10, there are two diametrically located rectangular grooves 11 (figure 2). At the hemispherical base 12 of the screw-distractor 6 there are two diametrically arranged orthogonal through holes 73 connected to the axial hole 8 at the point of intersection.

A dental combination implant is installed as follows. Under infiltration anesthesia, a trapezoidal flap is cut out on the alveolar process of the upper jaw. Using bone drills and cutters of various diameters, a hole is drilled and the bone bed of the sleeve and implant screw is formed. Depth gauge measures the distance to the bottom of the maxillary sinus. After threading with a special tap, a sleeve is screwed into the bone. Then, an osteotomy is directly performed by screwing the distractor screw into the sleeve to a certain depth and introducing the screw base into the cavity. At the next stage, using the syringe, the necessary volume of osteoplastic gel is introduced through the screw through the screw, after which the screw is closed with a plug. After successful implant osseointegration, the plug is replaced by a suprastructure for direct prosthetics.

Information sources

1. The implant. Russia No. 2218126, Cl. MKI A61C 8/00.

2. The implant. Russia No. 2006120283 dated 12.27.07.

Claims (2)

1. Dental maxillary implant containing a sleeve in the form of a hollow cylinder having an external thread for fixation in the bone, and an internal thread for connecting with the screw thread of the distractor, made in the form of a cylindrical rod with a thread on the outer surface and a hemispherical base, characterized the fact that the screw-distractor is made with an axial threaded hole for installing the syringe needle, plug or superstructure, while the axial hole is connected at the base of the screw-distractor with two diametrically located orthogonal holes at the point of their intersection for the passage of the osteoplastic gel into the sinus cavity and subsequent germination of bone tissue into the holes. 2. The implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial hole in the screw-distractor is made stepwise, in the upper part in the form of a landing recess for superstructure, passing into a threaded hole of a smaller diameter.

Images