RU2395026C1 - Facility for gas withdrawal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: facility for gas withdrawal consists of case, of cover with outlet channel, of installed in case float with sealing unit for pressure tight outlet channel shut-off and with float weight compensation unit. A protective jacket is arranged in the case of the facility. The float and the float weight compensator are installed inside the jacket. The float weight compensator corresponds to a weight balancer in form of a shell of regulated weight rotation coupled with the float by means of a rack-and-gear mechanism ensuring smooth motion of the balancer and float in opposite directions under effect of transported fluid. The weight balancer is installed concentric to cylinder surfaces of the float and the protective jacket. Pressure of withdrawn gas supplied via a relief valve and a pneumatic cylinder unloads the float and repeatedly opens the outlet channel; the relief valve is installed on a lower branch of the facility, while the pneumatic cylinder is arranged in an upper branch of the facility above the float.

EFFECT: simplification of facility.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil industry and can be used in a system for collecting and preparing oil, transporting oil and oil products through trunk pipelines, in the operation of water pipes and other pipelines transporting liquids.

In the systems for collecting, preparing and transporting oil, problems arise of gas removal from separators, sumps and pipelines. To prevent the ingress of gas into the liquid line, and liquids into the gas pipelines, phase separation controllers are used that work together with the valve on the gas line.

Known gas damper in the separator, controlled by a float, which is connected with the damper lever system (G.S. Lutoshkin. Collection and preparation of oil, gas and water. M., Nedra, 1974, p. 78, Fig. 34).

Such a gas damper is cumbersome, structurally complex, it cannot be used in small-sized devices and in pipelines.

Known plungers for air discharge of the Austrian company "Havle" (www.sevkom.ru), designed for installation on pipelines for water supply and the release of air plugs.

Plungers (air valves) of the Israeli company A.R.I, Flow Control Accessories (www.ecopolymer.com, www.grace.spb.ru) are intended for installation on pipelines of heat - water supply and sewerage. A common design drawback of these products is the lack of protection of the float from the high-pressure head of the gas flow, the mass compensator of the float, and the valve unloading from the differential pressure before and after the valve.

A device for removing gas or liquid is known (Patent RU No. 2089774, class F16K 31/18 of 09/10/1997). The device is a housing with inlet and outlet valves, a hollow float connected to the shutoff body is installed inside the housing. The float is protected from the flow by a protective cover. The float has sliding supports for moving in the vertical direction. The disadvantage of this device is that the spring used to compensate for the weight of the float does not provide timely valve opening when gas plugs arrive and closes it after the gas plug is released, thereby the valve does not open to release the next portion of gas and part of the plug slides further along the pipeline. In addition, the use of a spring involves frequent adjustment of the tension (compression) of the spring and the replacement of the spring itself.

Closest to the proposed device is an air vent (Patent RU No. 2131145, class F16K 24/00 of 10/06/1997). The device comprises a vertical detachable housing with upper and lower conical parts and a casing (cylindrical shell) located between them, with a cover in which an air outlet channel with a fire arrester is made, a float with a seal assembly for tight overlapping of the air outlet channel and with ribs which are welded rails in the form of rails, moving together with the float along the rollers mounted on vertical racks along the inner surface of the casing, while on the float is suspended Without a block, the float weight compensator is a set of interchangeable regulatory weights.

The disadvantages of the device: the impossibility of the device in automatic mode; the possibility of the skew of the float and its seizing and jamming as a result of displacement of the working surfaces of the rollers and guide rails on the float during poor assembly, unreliable suspension due to frequent gusts of the cable due to abrasion, the possibility of a backlash in the rollers that appears during operation, which reduces the reliability of the device . In addition, the device is designed to work in low pressure lines.

The aim of the invention is to develop a reliable and efficient device for automatically removing gas plugs and accumulations from pipelines transporting any liquids at any pressure in the pipeline.

The problem is solved in that in the inventive device for gas removal, comprising a housing consisting of upper and lower conical parts and a cylindrical shell located between them, a cover with an output channel, a float in the body with a seal assembly for tightly closing the output channel and with according to the invention, a protective cover is installed in the housing of the device, inside of which there is a float and a weight compensator of the float, which is a load balancer in the form of a shell rotation of the adjustable mass associated with the float by the rack and pinion mechanism to ensure smooth movement in opposite directions of the balancer and the float, to ensure their equilibrium in any liquid and installed inside the protective casing so that the balancer is concentric to the cylindrical surfaces of the float and the protective casing and moves between the protective casing and the float . Unloading the device and reopening the outlet channel is carried out by the pressure of the exhaust gas supplied through the bypass valve installed on the lower nozzle of the device and the pneumatic cylinder located in the upper nozzle of the device above the float, connected by a gas supply line.

If the float is made hollow, then its strength at high pressure of the working medium is ensured by the selection of material and wall thickness, strength calculation and (or) filling its cavity with liquid. Perhaps the use of a monolithic float - yoke.

Compensation of the weight of the float by means of a load balancer connected to the float by a rack and pinion mechanism ensures its buoyancy over the entire range of the stroke of the float from the fully open position to the complete closure of the gas outlet channel, simplifies the process of adjusting the buoyancy of the float for any liquid and the rate of liquid entry, eliminating the possibility of skew jamming of the float, since involute engagement is little sensitive to deviations of the axle distance, the loss of the cargo balance is excluded Syrah. Thus, the reliability of the device is increased.

Unloading the device using a bypass valve connected by a gas supply line to the pneumatic cylinder allows the float to return to its original position and the device operates in the automatic release mode, as traffic jams and accumulations arrive.

A protective cover protects the float from the dynamic effects of flow.

Figure 1 shows the device in the closed position;

figure 2 - movement mechanism of the float and the load balancer.

The device consists of a housing 1 with upper 2 and lower 3 covers. A protective casing 4 is installed in the housing, inside of which there is a float 5 with upper 6 and lower 7 guides and a surface 8 for blocking the output channel 9 in the upper cover 2, which serves to exit the exhaust gas, and the weight compensator of the float is a load balancer 10 made in the form shells of rotation of an adjustable mass. In the upper part of the protective casing 4, channels 11 are made for passage of gas discharged from the pipeline through the input channels 12 and the annular space between the housing 1 and the protective casing 4 to the output channel 9.

The total cross-sectional area of the channels 11 is greater than or equal to the total cross-sectional area of the input channels 12, and the cross-section of the output channel 9 is greater than or equal to the total area of the channels 11 or 12 individually. This arrangement of the channels in the protective casing eliminates the possibility of the floating of the float under the influence of the exhaust gas and prevents premature blocking of the outlet channel 9.

Crosses 13 and 14 serve as supports for the upper 6 and lower 7 guides of the float 5.

The seat 15 of the soft non-sparking material ensures safety and dampens possible impacts of the float 5 on the top cover 2.

The rack and pinion mechanism for ensuring smooth safe movement of the float 5 and the weight compensator of the float - the load balancer 10 includes gear racks 16 mounted on the cylindrical surface of the float 5, which, through gear gears 17, rigidly mounted on the wall of the protective casing 4, interact with gear racks 28, rigidly connected with a compensator for the weight of the float - by the load balancer 10. The length of the gear racks and the places of their attachment to the surface of the float and the balancer, the place of installation of gears on the wall of the protective casing choose t k, to allow removal of gas from the pipeline transporting the fluid in a predetermined density range. The number of pairs of rack and pinion mechanisms must be at least three.

The bypass valve 18, with the float 19 located therein, installed through the nozzle 20 on the lower nozzle 21 of the device, and the pneumatic cylinder 22 installed in the upper nozzle 23 of the device are connected by a gas supply line 24 and are used to return the float to its original position and actuation of the device with the reappearance of gas. In this case, the spring 25 serves as a damper for the float 4. The device is installed on the pipe outlet through the valve (not shown in Fig.) By the pipe 21 or connected to the pipeline using a flexible sleeve and is installed at a safe distance from the pipeline. Through the pipe 23, gas is released into the atmosphere through a candle or separator. The valve 26 is used to relieve pressure inside the device and drain residual oil during its dismantling. The conical obturator 27 reduces the turbulence of the flow and directs the flow to the channels 12.

The device operates as follows.

The device is installed at the place of operation in compliance with safety measures in an upright position, with the possibility of movement of the float 5 along the axis of the device due to its buoyancy in the liquid.

The guides 6 and 7 provide both centering of the float 5 relative to the vertical axis of the housing 1, and vertical movement in the supports of the crosses 13 and 14, respectively, which allows the taper surface 8 of the float 5 to land on the seat 15 without jamming and distortions.

In the initial position of the float 5 channel 9 in the upper cover 2 of the device, which serves to release gas, is open.

Gas from the pipeline enters the lower nozzle 21 of the device, where the stream flowing around the conical obturator 27, through the channels 12 placed around the circumference in the lower cover 3, enters the cavity between the device body 1 and the protective casing 4 and moves, without exerting dynamic effects on the float and cargo balancer. The flow passes into the protective casing 4 through the channels 11 in its upper part and then through the channel 9 in the upper cover 2 enters the upper pipe 23, through which gas is released from the device through a candle into the atmosphere or discharged into the separation and disposal system.

At the end of the gas discharge, the transported liquid enters the device after the gas. Getting into the lower pipe 21, the liquid through the channels 12 enters the inner cavity of the protective casing 4. When the liquid reaches the calculated height in the cavity of the protective casing 4, the float 5 floats in the liquid, moving along the gear racks 16 and 28, sits on the saddle 15 of the upper cover 2 and closes its end surface 8 channel 9 in the upper cover 2, eliminating the release of oil through channel 9. At the same time, the liquid from the pipe 21 through the fitting 20 fills the internal volume of the bypass valve 18 to the calculated height, the float valve 19 bypass and 18, a liquid surfacing, overlaps the outlet bypass valve 18, not allowing fluid to exit pipe 23 through the gas supply line 24 and air cylinder 22.

Unloading of the bypass valve 18 is ensured by the choice of the cross-section of the channel at the point of overlap by the valve, taking into account the weight of the float and the maximum pressure drop before and after the valve.

When the gas appears in the oil pipeline repeatedly, the gas enters the device, displacing the liquid from the housing 1 of the device. When this gas enters through the nozzle 20 into the bypass valve 18, the float is lowered, opening a channel for gas to pass into the gas supply line 24 into the pneumatic cylinder 22. Under the influence of gas pressure, the hydraulic cylinder rod 22 presses on the upper guide 6 of the float 5. Since the pressure force of the hydraulic cylinder rod 22 more than the pressing force of the float 5, the float 5 comes off the saddle 16 and lowers to the lower position. The excess of the pressure force of the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 22 over the pressing force of the float 5 to the seat 15 is provided by the implementation of the internal cross-sectional area of the hydraulic cylinder is greater than the contact cross-sectional area of the float 5 and the saddle 15, taking into account the friction force and spring force 25.

The spring 25 serves as a damper, preventing the blows of the float 5 against the lower crosspiece 14. This opens the channel 9 in the upper cover 2 and the gas entering the device is discharged into the pipe 23.

After opening the channel 9, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 22 occupies the upper position due to the force of the spring 25 with the practical absence of a pressure drop before and after the valve in its open position.

Thus, the solution of the problem is achieved - the release of the gas-air mixture and gas, cutting off the liquid outlet, in difficult conditions: at high pressure, in fire and explosion-proof environments, with the danger of environmental pollution and the need to prevent the loss of valuable products, the device operates in automatic mode and ensuring the process with minimal operational and capital costs.

Claims (5)

1. A device for removing gas, comprising a housing consisting of upper and lower conical parts and a cylindrical shell located between them, a cover with an output channel, located in the body of the float with a seal assembly for tightly overlapping the outlet channel and with a weight compensation assembly for the float, characterized the fact that a protective casing is installed in the device’s body, inside of which there is a float and a compensator for the weight of the float, which is a load balancer in the form of a shell of rotation of an adjustable mass associated with pop Avkom rack mechanism to ensure smooth movement in opposite directions of the balancer and the float under the action of the transported liquid, and installed so that the load balancer is located concentrically to the cylindrical surfaces of the float and the protective casing, and the unloading of the float and the re-opening of the outlet channel is carried out by the pressure of the exhaust gas supplied through the bypass a valve mounted on the lower pipe of the device, and a pneumatic cylinder located in the upper pipe of the device above the float m 2. The device for gas removal according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with at least three pairs of rack and pinion mechanisms. 3. A device for removing gas according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rack mechanisms consist of gear racks rigidly connected to the cylindrical surface of the float, and gear racks rigidly connected to the load balancer, which interact with each other through gear gears rigidly mounted on the wall of the protective casing. 4. The device for removing gas according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the gear racks and the places of their attachment to the surface of the float and the load balancer, the installation location of the gears on the wall of the protective casing are chosen so as to allow gas to be removed from the liquid transported through the pipeline into a given interval of its density. 5. The device for gas removal according to claim 1, characterized in that the total cross-sectional area of the channels in the upper part of the protective casing is greater than or equal to the total cross-sectional area of the input channels in the lower cover, and the cross-section of the output channel in the upper cover is greater than or equal to the total channel area in the upper part of the protective casing or inlet channels in the lower cover of each separately.

Images