RU2393998C1 - Disinfection installation and disinfection of water and/or its mixture with organic and mineral substances (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to versions of an installation designed for treating liquid media using an electrohydraulic effect and can be used converting water or any organic and mineral substances mixed with it into ecologically clean useful products. The installation is made in form of a vortex generator which has cylindrical hollow housing with cover and a bottom. The cover of the housing has a hole through which a needle electrode passes. According to the first version, there is a tangential inlet hole for the substance being treated in the lateral wall of the housing and there is an outlet hole at the centre of the bottom. The bottom of the housing is made in form of a second electrode. According to the second version, the housing is divided by a partition wall into two chambers which are linked through a hole at the centre of the partition wall. On the lateral cylindrical wall of the second chamber there is a tangential outlet hole and the partition wall is made in form of a second electrode.

EFFECT: more efficient disinfection of treated material, increased carrying capacity of the installation, reduced power consumption, as well as possibility of extraction of heavy metals from the treated material.

9 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to plant options intended for the treatment of liquid media using the electro-hydraulic effect in order to convert water or any organic and mineral substances mixed with it into environmentally friendly healthy products.

There is an electro-hydraulic method for treating a dielectric liquid with the aim of disinfection, which consists in introducing electrodes connected to a current pulse generator into the liquid to be treated; when turned on, a high-voltage electric discharge occurs in the liquid between the electrodes, causing a shock wave, which propagates through the volume of the liquid , causes the destruction of microorganisms and helminth eggs in it (US 3402120, class 204-323, published September 17, 1968).

Also known is a method of treating aqueous solutions in which, in order to increase the degree of disinfection and deworming, the above process is carried out at a pulse repetition rate of 5-6 Hz (SU 565887, class C02C 5/00, published July 21, 1977).

To increase the energy efficiency of processing aqueous solutions in a known solution, along with the above methods, the aqueous solution is rotated in the interelectrode space (RU 2178390 C2, CL 02F 1/48, published 2002.01.20).

In addition, a known installation for disinfecting water, comprising a housing, on the side surface of which the inlet and outlet nozzles are tangentially fixed, whose axes are offset from the longitudinal axis of the housing. The incoming water stream is washed by a block of bipolar silver electrodes. A radial impeller is installed in the lower part of the body. A bactericidal lamp enclosed in a quartz case is placed in the housing (RU 2294315 C2, class C02F 1/32, published 2007.02.27).

The known installation has increased dimensions due to the large number of its constituent elements.

It is also known a device for deodorization and bactericidal treatment of air in an electric discharge, containing a housing - a snail having two lateral inlet openings and a single air duct forming an outlet stream. One of the body inlets has technological tides in which a pair of needle-type high voltage electrodes connected to a unipolar high voltage source having a negative polarity and a pair of grounded knife type collector electrodes are fixed. The device is equipped with an electric motor, on the shaft of which the shank of the radial fan impeller is mounted, which is located in the housing - the cochlea. The movable electrode is made in the form of a flat metal disk fixed in a shank on the axis of the wheel of the fan impeller (RU 2116244 C1, class S01B 13/11, published 1998.07.27).

The technical result for both variants of the invention is to increase the efficiency of disinfection of the processed substance, in particular almost 100% destruction of helminth eggs and E. coli in it. In addition, the proposed design options for the installation can increase the throughput of the processed substance, reduce the energy consumed by them and provide the ability to remove heavy metals from the processed substance.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, the apparatus for disinfecting and neutralizing water and / or its mixture with organic and mineral substances is made in the form of a vortex chamber, which is a cylindrical hollow body with a lid and a bottom. At least one tangential inlet for the substance to be processed is made on the side cylindrical wall of the housing, and an outlet is made in the central part of the bottom. At least one hole is formed in the lid for passing through it and securing at least one needle electrode in the lid, and the bottom of the housing is a second electrode.

A needle electrode (if one) is installed above the outlet opening of the bottom of the housing.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, two tangential inlets are made on the side wall of the housing from opposite sides.

In the installation variant, when it has more than one needle electrode, the distance between these electrodes is selected from the condition of providing the possibility of partial overlapping of the zones of their influence on the processed material.

According to a second embodiment of the invention, the apparatus for disinfecting and neutralizing water and / or its mixture with organic and mineral substances comprises a cylindrical hollow body with a lid and a bottom, divided by a partition into two vortex chambers communicating with each other through an opening formed in the central part of the partition. At least one tangential inlet for the substance to be processed is made on the side cylindrical wall of the first chamber, and a tangential outlet is made on the side cylindrical wall of the second chamber. At least one hole is formed in the lid of the first chamber for passing through it and securing at least one needle electrode in the lid, and the baffle is a second electrode.

A needle electrode (if one) is installed above the baffle hole.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, two tangential inlets are made on the side wall of the first chamber from opposite sides.

The cross-sectional area of the outlet is selected not less than the cross-sectional area of the inlet.

In the installation variant, when it has more than one needle electrode, the distance between these electrodes is selected from the condition of providing the possibility of partial overlapping of the zones of their influence on the processed material.

The proposed installation options (a unit with an electro-hydraulic effect (EGE) with a vortex reactor) allow disinfecting (destroying pathogenic bacteria) and neutralizing (removing heavy metals) the processed substance in a single technological cycle, which creates a wide range of effects that affect the entire mass of the processed substance with high-voltage discharge (hydro lightning).

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, in Fig.1 which schematically shows a preferred second (two-chamber) version of the proposed installation.

The assembly unit 1 shown in the drawing consists of a steel cylindrical body forming the upper 2 and lower 3 chambers, separated by a partition 4, in the central part of which a small diameter 5 is formed, intended for the substance processed in chamber 2 to exit into chamber 3. In the side two tangential entrances 6 and 7 are made on the wall of the upper chamber 2 from different sides, and a tangential exit 8 is made in the side wall of the lower chamber 8. At least one opening is formed in the cover 9 of the upper chamber Erez it into the chamber 2 of the needle-type electrode 10. The second electrode is a partition (diaphragm) 4 of the installation housing.

A voltage of several kilovolts is applied from the high-voltage pulse current generator to the electrodes 10 and 4 of the vortex chamber, as a result of which an electric spark (water lightning) with a frequency of several hundred hertz to several kilohertz slips between the indicated electrodes, which depends on the flow rate of the processed substances, their concentration and viscosity. This hydraulic lightning forms multiple extreme factors affecting the processed substances, namely:

- high and ultrahigh pulsed hydraulic pressures, leading to the appearance of shock waves with sound and supersonic speeds;

- significant impulse movements of volumes of liquids, occurring at speeds reaching hundreds of meters per second;

- emerging powerful cavitation processes;

- infra and ultrasonic radiation;

- mechanical resonance phenomena with amplitudes that allow mutual peeling of multicomponent bodies from each other and achieve fine grinding;

- powerful electromagnetic fields (tens of thousands of oersteds);

- intense pulsed light, thermal and ultraviolet radiation;

- repeated ionization of compounds and elements contained in a liquid;

- deodorization of the processed substance.

Water, when it is treated in the proposed installation, becomes an active solvent, containing many simplified chemical structures of various substances in their interatomic spaces in the molecules, the mass of which can be many times greater than the mass of water itself.

These properties of water appear as a consequence of its energy pumping by electric pulse hydromagnet. After the cessation of energy pumping, water gradually loses the ability to contain the mineral mass in large quantities. These compounds precipitate during 20-30 minutes as a result of sedimentation, which allows using the above process to remove mineral compounds, including heavy metals, from processed substances, that is, neutralize them.

The proposed installation, made in the form of a vortex generator, allows you to actively mix the processed organic substances, which, as a rule, have a long-fiber soft structure. This device allows you to process almost every particle of organic matter. Processing is carried out by a high-voltage pulse discharge (hydraulic lightning) during the passage of the mass of the processed substance through a small outlet (for the first installation option) and transition (for the second installation option) opening and falling into the zone of action of an electric pulse discharge.

In addition, the advantage of using the proposed design is a significant increase in its throughput in comparison with the current units of EGE, namely: from 10 to 50 m ^{3 of the} processed substance per hour or more.

Using a modern electronic database of elements allows to reduce the energy consumption of the installation. They range from 5 to 30 kW. per hour, depending on the capacity of the EGE unit.

As a result of processing in the EGE unit, organic substances are disinfected, all pathogenic and putrefactive bacteria, as well as helminth eggs, die in them. The processed substances themselves change their physical and chemical structures and properties (heavy metals are derived from them) and are converted into organic matter, similar in properties to natural compost, but which does not need, as in the traditional method, from 4 to 6 months of aging. This compost can be used as loose soil or seeded with technological earthworms for the subsequent production of vermicompost with the possible drazhirovany seeds of agricultural and / or garden plants.

Excessive earthworm, which under optimal conditions, multiplying, increases in mass from 700 to 1000 times during the year, you can use it by separating the accumulated heavy metals (if any) from it by processing in the proposed unit, to obtain environmentally friendly high-quality protein (meat) feed, for example, for animal husbandry, domestic and agricultural animals, fish and birds.

The proposed plants can be equipped with municipal utilities (at the sewage treatment plants of Vodokanal and Drain and at Zelenkhoz enterprises, processing leaf litter), as well as agricultural enterprises, such as, for example, poultry farms, cattle and small livestock farms, including pig farms whose manure is the most toxic; fur farming and fish farming for the preparation of fortified, high-calorie feed and / or protein flour.

The proposed plant options may also be part of a modular organic waste processing line, which may include not only manure, litter and feces, sewage and sewage, but also plant organics, as well as waste and spoiled agricultural and food products, animal carcasses , sawdust, including softwood, municipal solid waste (MSW), paper and cardboard packaging, obsolete paper money and other printed products, with the release of toxic substances and heavy metals from it. These plants can be used to clean soil from oil pollution in both stationary and mobile versions.

For this purpose, additional equipment can be included in the production line, such as, for example, crushers, electrostatic separators, drag catchers, as well as sedimentation tanks and devices to reduce the humidity of the compost obtained, etc.

Claims (9)

1. Installation for disinfecting and neutralizing water and / or its mixture with organic and mineral substances, made in the form of a vortex chamber containing a cylindrical hollow body with a lid and a bottom, at least one tangential inlet is made on the side cylindrical wall for the processed substance, and in the central part of the bottom - the outlet, while at least one needle electrode is fixed in the lid, and the bottom of the body is a second electrode. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that when securing in the cover of the vortex chamber of one needle electrode, it is installed above the outlet opening of the bottom of the housing. 3. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that on the side wall of the housing from opposite sides there are two tangential inlets. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that when fixing several needle electrodes in the cover of the vortex chamber, the distance between them is selected from the condition of providing the possibility of partial overlapping of the zones of their influence on the material being processed. 5. Installation for the disinfection and neutralization of water and / or its mixture with organic and mineral substances, containing a cylindrical hollow body with a lid and a bottom, divided by a partition into two vortex chambers communicating with each other through an opening formed in the central part of the partition, while on the side at least one tangential inlet for the substance to be processed is made to the cylindrical wall of the first chamber, and a tangential outlet is made on the lateral cylindrical wall of the second chamber e hole, wherein the first chamber in the cap is secured, at least one needle electrode and the partition is a second electrode. 6. Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that when securing in the cover of the first vortex chamber of one needle electrode, it is installed above the opening of the partition. 7. Installation according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that on the side wall of the first chamber from two opposite sides two tangential inlets are made. 8. Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the outlet is selected not less than the cross-sectional area of the inlet. 9. Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that when several needle electrodes are fixed in the lid of the first vortex chamber, the distance between them is selected from the condition of providing the possibility of partial overlapping of the zones of their influence on the processed material.

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