RU2393283C2 - Three-layer fabrics that contain multiple contour binding elements - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile industry. ^ SUBSTANCE: fabric for papermaking machine contains the first and second layers of machine direction threads. The first system of threads transverse to machine direction comprises the first binding threads, which form the first contour ornament by weaving, and the second binding threads, which form the second contour ornament by weaving, which varies from the first one. The first and second contour ornaments form surface ornament of non-calico weaving. Both first and second binding threads are integral part of the first layer and are woven with the second layer. Both first and second binding threads are woven serially into the first layer more than once in a single ornament motif. ^ EFFECT: invention improves resistance of fabric to internal wear. ^ 13 cl, 7 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

This invention relates to the field of paper production. More specifically, this invention relates to fabrics, such as molding fabrics, which are used in a paper machine.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

During the paper manufacturing process, a cellulosic fiber web is formed by depositing fibrous pulp, i.e. an aqueous dispersion of cellulosic fibers, onto a moving forming fabric in the forming section of a paper machine. A large amount of water is drained from the pulp through a molding fabric, on the surface of which a cloth of cellulose fibers remains.

The newly formed cellulosic fiber web comes from the molding section to the press section, which contains a series of crimp rolls. The cellulose fiber web passes through the gap between the squeeze rolls supported by the press fabric, or most often between two such press fabrics. In the gap between the squeeze rolls, the cellulosic fiber web is subjected to compressive forces that squeeze water out of it and connect the cellulosic fibers in the web to each other, turning the cellulosic fiber web into a paper web. Ideally, water received by the press fabric or fabrics will not return to the paper web.

It should be understood that molding, pressing and drying fabrics - all take the form of endless loops on a paper machine and act like conveyors. It should also be understood that paper production is a continuous process that runs at significant speeds. In other words, the fibrous pulp is continuously deposited on the forming fabric in the forming section, while the newly manufactured paper web is continuously wound on the shafts after it leaves the drying section.

In addition, the press fabric is involved in the surface finish of the paper web. That is, the press fabrics take on a significant amount of water extracted from the wet paper in the gap between the squeeze rolls. To fulfill this function, there must be, without exaggeration, a space inside the press fabric, usually called the volume of voids, in order for water to escape. In addition, this fabric must have adequate water permeability during its entire service life. Finally, the press fabrics must prevent the water received from the wet paper from returning to the paper and the paper re-wetting when it leaves the gap between the crimping rolls.

Finally, the paper web enters the drying section, which contains at least one sequence of rotating drying drums or cylinders, heated from the inside by steam. The newly formed paper web is guided along a winding path sequentially around each of the drum sequence by means of a drying cloth that holds the paper web in close proximity to the surfaces of the drums. Heated drums reduce the water content in the paper web to the desired level through evaporation.

Textile fabrics can take various forms. For example, they can be woven in the form of an endless loop or made by flat weaving, followed by transformation into an endless shape by means of a seam.

This invention, in particular, may relate to molding fabrics used in the molding section. Molding fabrics play an important role during the paper manufacturing process. One of their aforementioned functions is the molding and transportation of paper products, which are produced for the press section.

However, molding fabrics are also needed to address water removal and paper forming issues. That is, structurally forming fabrics are made to provide a through passage of water (i.e., control the rate of dehydration) while preventing through passage of fibers and other solids along with water. If dehydration occurs too quickly or too slowly, then the quality of the paper and the efficiency of the installation are affected. To regulate the rate of dehydration within the molding fabric, a space designed to drain water, usually called a void volume, can be suitably made.

Modern molding fabrics are available in a wide variety of styles that meet the requirements of the paper machines on which they are installed for the production of different types of paper. As a rule, they contain the main fabric woven from monofilament, and can be single-layer or multi-layer. These yarns are usually made by extrusion from any of several synthetic polymers, such as polyamide and polyester, used for this purpose by specialists in the field of clothing for paper machines.

The creation of molding fabrics additionally includes the selection of the optimal ratio between the required fiber support and the strength of the fabric. Fine-meshed fabrics can provide the required paper surface and fiber support characteristics, but such a structure may not have the necessary strength, resulting in a short tissue life. On the other hand, coarse-grained fabrics provide strength and a long service life to the detriment of the supporting ability of the fabric and the possibility of marking the paper. To minimize the ratio of gains and losses of design and optimize the supporting ability and strength, multilayer fabrics have been developed. For example, in two-layer and three-layer fabrics, the molding side is structurally designed to support the web and fibers, while the wear side is structurally designed to provide strength, volume of voids and wear resistance.

In addition, the three-layer structure allows the execution of the molding surface of the fabric regardless of the wearing surface. Thanks to this independent implementation, three-layer structures can provide a high degree of fiber support and an optimal internal void volume. Thus, the presence of three layers can provide a significant improvement in dehydration compared with single-layer and two-layer structures.

Essentially three-layer fabrics consist of two fabrics, a molding layer and a wear layer, which are held together by binder yarns. Creating such a bond is an extremely important factor for the overall integrity of a given tissue. The problem associated with trilayer tissues is the relative displacement of the two layers, which over time destroys this tissue. In addition, bonding threads can break the structure of the molding layer, which leads to the application of marks on the paper.

It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that fabrics are created through weaving and contain a weave pattern that repeats in both the warp or machine direction (MN) and the weft direction or the machine transverse direction.

Multilayer fabrics, such as trilayer fabrics, may have insufficient resistance to internal abrasion and / or during use, weaving may weaken (i.e., the threads may slide away from their original positions within the pattern). The present invention provides a fabric that eliminates these disadvantages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Thus, the present invention is a multilayer fabric that can be used in molding, pressing and / or drying sections of a paper machine. Layers of such fabric can be held together by a plurality of binder yarns, each of which is woven sequentially into the first layer more than once in a pattern repeat. In other words, each of the binder yarns is woven into the upper layer and / or lower layer of the fabric more than once in one repeat of the pattern.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fabric that comprises a first layer of machine direction (MN) yarns, a second layer of MN yarns and a first system of threads transverse to the machine direction (MN), comprising first binder yarns forming a first contour weave and second binder yarns yarns forming an interlacing second outline pattern different from the first. The first and second binder yarns, each, are an integral part of the first layer, with each of them bonded to the second layer. In addition, in another aspect of the invention, each of the first and second binder yarns is woven sequentially into the first layer more than once in a pattern repeat.

Another aspect of the present invention is that the first binder yarns and the second binder yarns can be combined to create an interlacing of each machine direction yarn in the first layer, thereby creating a calico weave pattern therein.

Other aspects of the present invention are that the fabric may be a three-layer molding fabric. The first layer, which contains the first layer of MH threads, can form the forming side of the fabric, and the second layer, which contains the second layer of MH threads, can form the wear side of this fabric. The first binder yarns and the second binder yarns can, each, cross over from the second layer to the first layer more than once in a pattern repeat. This fabric may additionally contain a second system of filaments MV interchanged with the first layer of filaments MN, and / or a third system of filaments MON interlaced with a second layer of filaments MN. This fabric may have an accurate ratio of the molding side to the wearing side equal to 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 2, 3: 1, or any other suitable ratio. This fabric can be created on an installation with 40 remises and is preferably made of calico. In addition, the filaments MH of the first layer and the second layer can be made arranged one above the other in a vertical direction relative to this. At least some of the MH yarns and PN yarns may be monofilament yarns, may be one of polyamide or polyester yarns, and may have a round, square, or other non-circular cross-section.

For this application, yarns in the direction transverse to the machine direction may be designated as PN yarns, weft yarns, or weft yarns. The binder threads also extend in a direction transverse to the machine direction.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the following drawings, in which respective components are denoted by the same reference numbers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following description and accompanying drawings, in which

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the contours of a binder yarn of fabric in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

figure 2 depicts the molding surface of the fabric shown in figure 1;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the contours of the binder yarns of a fabric in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

figure 4 depicts the molding surface of the fabric shown in figure 3;

5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the contours of the binder yarns of the fabric in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a cross section illustrating the contours of the binder threads of the fabric in accordance with this invention, which does not contain a filament pattern in the upper layer, weft threads of the upper layer between pairs of binder threads are also shown; and

Fig.7 is a cross section illustrating the contours of the binder yarns of another fabric in accordance with this invention, which does not contain a pattern of calico in the upper layer, weft threads of the upper layer between pairs of binder yarns are also shown.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

PERFORMANCE

This invention relates to a fabric, for example a three-layer fabric, which can be used in the papermaking process. Such three-layer fabrics have a first (upper) layer and a second (lower) layer, each of which contains a system of machine direction (MN) threads and threads transverse to the machine direction (ST), which are intertwined with each other. The first layer may be the side facing the paper or a molding layer over which cellulose-based paper / fibrous pulp is deposited during the paper manufacturing process, and the second layer may be the side facing the machine or the wear side layer. The first and second layers are held together by a series of binder threads.

In a first aspect of the invention, each binder yarn is interwoven sequentially with the upper layer more than once in a pattern repeat. Further, in a second aspect of the present invention, the binder yarns create a plurality of contour patterns in the upper layer in a pattern repeat. In relation to this document, the concept of "many contour patterns" means that each binder thread in a binder pair creates a weaving of a different pattern, thereby creating at least two contour patterns. In other words, the first and second binder yarns create different contours of the patterns in the upper layer.

The present invention is a derivative of the concept of web supportive elements (NGN), where the bonding yarns are typically part of a fabric support structure. Typically, these binder yarns are paired weft binder yarns that are an integral part of the molding layer and are simply bonded to the wear side layer. However, these binder yarns may also be an integral part of the wear side layer. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the binder yarns are combined to create a filament weave pattern with the MH threads of the upper side, and they become an integral part of the upper layer.

Molding fabrics for papermaking are usually created on a weaving machine with 20 hems. This means that these fabrics contain a total of 20 warp threads, of which 10 threads comprise the warp threads of the molding side and 10 threads constitute the warp threads of the wear side. This invention is particularly suitable for creating fabric on a weaving machine with 40 heels, but is not limited to this. In other words, existing fabrics usually have only 40 warp threads, of which 20 are warp threads of the upper layer and 20 are warp threads of the lower layer. Fabrics created using a number of hems in excess of 40 also fall within the scope of this invention.

Figure 1 is a cross section of an exemplary fabric in accordance with the description of the present invention, which illustrates a method for interlocking a plurality of contours of binder filaments with filaments MH in the upper (molding) layer and bonding with the lower layer (wearing side). This fabric example refers to a fabric type with a contour pattern of 2.3 + 3.2. Paired numbers indicate the number of bends performed by the binder yarn each time the binder yarn weaves into the upper layer. In relation to this application, the formation of kink is performed when the filament PN passes over at least one filament MN on the outer surface of the fabric. A plus sign indicates the presence of a subsequent binder, i.e. another binder yarn from this pair. For example, in the fabric shown in FIG. 1, the first binder yarn 110 originates in the upper layer L1 and passes over the 1 MN yarn, under the 3 MN yarn, over the 5 MN yarn and under the 7 MN yarn, where it intersects with the second binder yarn 100. With this method, the first binder thread forms two bends. Then, the first binder yarn passes into the lower layer L2 and is bonded to the 14 MN yarn before moving back to the upper layer, where it intersects with the second binder yarn 100 under the 19 MN yarn. At the same time, in the upper layer, the first binder yarn 110 passes over the yarn 21 MN, under the yarn 23 MN, over the yarn 25 MN, under the yarn 27 MN, over the yarn 29 MN and under the yarn 31 MN. In this method, the first binder thread 110 creates the next 3 bends of its contour. The first binder yarn then passes into the lower layer L2 and is bonded to the 34 MN yarn before passing back to the upper layer, where it intersects with the second binder yarn under the 40 MN yarn to complete one rapport of the weaving pattern. Therefore, the first binder thread is characterized by a contour pattern 2,3. The second binder yarn 100 originates in the lower layer L2, where it is bonded to the 4 MN yarn before passing into the upper layer L1 under the 7 MN yarn. The second binder yarn 100 passes over the filament 9 MN, under the yarn 11 MN, over the yarn 13 MN, under the yarn 15 MN and over the yarn 17 MN with the formation of the first three bends of the contour of the second binder yarn. The second binder yarn then passes back to the lower layer L2 and is bonded to the 24 MN yarn before returning to the upper layer at the 31 MN yarn. Then the second binder thread runs over the 33 MN thread, under the 35 MN thread, over the 37 MN thread and under the 39 MN thread with the formation of the last two bends of the contour of the second binder thread and with the completion of the rapport of the weaving pattern. Therefore, the second binder yarn is characterized by a contour pattern of 3.2, and the fabric is characterized by its patterns of binder yarns, as 2.3 + 3.2. Note that the first and second contours of the binder yarn are combined to create the weave of each other yarn MN in the upper layer, thereby creating a pattern of calico in the upper layer. Also note that these bonding elements are an integral part of the upper layer, and they are simply bonded to the lower layer.

Numerous transformations of the contours of the binder filaments shown in figure 1, fall under the scope of this invention. Table 1 proposes an abbreviated list of patterns, based on the transformations of the contour pattern of the binder threads shown in figure 1. For example, pattern A corresponds to the pattern 2,3 + 3,2 shown in FIG. 1, pattern B corresponds to the transformation of pattern A, in which the first and second binder threads change the contours, and pattern C corresponds to a transformation in which the first binder thread has a contour pattern 2.2, and the second binder thread has a contour pattern of 3.3.

In addition, each binder thread can be repeatedly bonded to the bottom layer (i.e., grab it). Alternative patterns A1-A # (which are transformations of pattern A) differ only in the way they are captured (or fastened) by the connecting thread of the lower layer. In FIG. 1 (i.e., Pattern A), both binder threads capture one MH thread both times when they cross the lower layer in a pattern repeat. Therefore, each binder thread in pattern A double captures the bottom layer in the pattern repeat. In an alternative pattern A1, the binder thread 1 only once captures the bottom layer. This means that the binder thread 1 does not capture the MH thread one of two times when it crosses the lower layer in the pattern repeat. For the patterns shown in table 1, each binder thread can have up to 5 captures in the pattern repeat. Transformations of pattern A can be performed using any combination of grips, up to five for each bonding element 1 and bonding element 2. Although only a few of the possible transformations are listed in Table 1, it is intended that this invention covers all possible transformations and not limited to this.

Table 1. Converting the contour pattern of the binder yarn shown in Fig.1. Patterns Connecting element 1 Bonding element 2 A (= Fig. 1) 2,3 two captures 3.2 two captures In (= converted figure 1) 3.2 two captures 2,3 two captures C (= converted FIG. 1) 2.2 two captures 3.3 two captures Option A1 2,3 one capture 3.2 one capture Option A2 one capture two captures Option A3 one capture three captures A4 option one capture four captures Option A5 one capture five captures Option A6 two captures one capture ... ... ... Option A # five captures five captures

Figure 2 depicts the molding surface of a partial rapport pattern of the approximate fabric shown in figure 1. The MH filaments extend vertically in this drawing and are numbered in accordance with the MH filaments of the upper layer shown in FIG. Note that the filaments MN, denoted by even numbers, correspond to the lower layer and therefore are not shown. The filaments PN pass horizontally in this drawing and are indicated, as shown, by reference rows A-G. This fabric has a weft ratio of 2: 1, meaning that the filaments of PN are woven into the upper layer between each row of binder yarns. In this case, the 200 PN yarns are weft yarns interwoven in a plain weave pattern between each pair of binder yarns.

In particular, rows A, C, E, and G are weft yarns, while rows B, D, and F are pairs of binder yarns. These weft threads are not shown in FIG. 1, where only the contours of the binder threads are shown. Hereinafter, reference numerals with the symbol “a” indicate that only partial rapport of the weave pattern is shown, for example, 110a means that only partial rapport of the weave pattern of the first binder yarn 100 is shown. Row B (which matches the pattern shown in FIG. .1) originates with the first binder thread 110a passing under the 3 MN thread and over the 5 MN thread before it crosses the second binder thread 100a under the 7 MN thread. The second binder yarn 100a then passes over the 9 MN yarn, under the 11 MN yarn, over the 13 MN yarn, under the 15 MN yarn and over the 17 MN yarn before it intersects with the first binder yarn 110a under the 19 MN yarn. The first binder yarn 110a then passes over the yarn 21 MN. (The beginning and end of each binder loop are not shown). Figure 2 also shows how each pair of binder yarns oscillates / shifts to the left through 4 threads MN of the upper layer. For example, the dot in the contour pattern shown on the 19 MN filament in row B appears on the 11 MN filament in row D and 3 MN filament in row F. FIG. 2 illustrates a method for combining the first binder yarn 110a and the second binder yarn 100a to create calico weave pattern in the upper layer.

Figure 3 depicts a cross-section of another exemplary fabric in accordance with this invention, which also illustrates a method for interlocking a plurality of contours of binder filaments with filaments MH in the upper (molding) layer and bonding to the lower (wearing side) layer. This fabric example contains a system of two binder yarns, which refers to a contour pattern of 2.1.2 + 2.2.1. As shown in FIG. 3, the first binder yarn 310 originates in the upper layer L1 and passes over the 1 MN yarn, under the 3 MN yarn, over the 5 MN yarn and under the 7 yarn, where it intersects with the second binder yarn 300. In this method the first binder thread 310 forms the first 2 bends of its contour. This first binder yarn then passes into the lower layer L2 and is bonded to one 12 MN yarn before passing back to the upper layer, where it intersects with the second binder yarn 300 under the 15 MN yarn. At the same time, in the upper layer L1, the first binder thread 310 passes only over the filament 17 MN with the formation of one bend. This first binder yarn runs back to the lower layer L2 and is bonded to a 24 MN yarn before it returns to the upper layer, where it intersects with the second binder yarn 300 under a 27 MN yarn. The first binder yarn 310 then passes over the 29 MN yarn, under the 31 MN yarn and over the 33 MN yarn to create more than 2 kinks before it crosses the second binder yarn under the 35 MN yarn. This first binder thread runs back to the lower layer L2 and is bonded to the 38 MN thread before it returns to the upper layer to complete one repeat of the weave pattern. From here, the first binder thread is characterized by a contour pattern of 2,1,2. The second binder yarn 300 defines the beginning of the pattern in the lower layer L2, where it is bonded to the 4 MN yarn before passing to the upper layer L1 under the 7 MN yarn. The second binder thread runs over the 9 MN thread, under the 11 MN thread, over the 13 MN thread and under the 15 MN thread to create two bends of its contour. The second binder yarn extends back to the lower layer and is bonded to the 18 MN yarn before returning to the upper layer at the 19 MN yarn. The second binder yarn 300 passes over the yarn 21 MN, under the yarn 23 MN, over the yarn 25 MN and under the yarn 27 MN to create the next 2 bends of its contour. The second binder yarn extends back to the lower layer and is bonded to the 32 MN yarn before returning to the upper layer at the 35 MN yarn. The second binder yarn then passes over the 37 MN yarn to create the last bend of its contour and complete the rapport of the weave pattern. Therefore, the second binder yarn is characterized by a contour pattern of 2,1,2, and the fabric is characterized by patterns of its binder yarn 2,1,2 + 2,2,1. The first and second contours of the binder yarns are combined to ensure the weaving of each other yarn MN in the upper layer, thereby creating a pattern of calico in the upper layer. Binder yarns are also an integral part of the upper layer, and they are simply bonded to the lower layer.

Figure 4 depicts a molding surface with a partial rapport of the pattern of the exemplary fabric shown in figure 3. As in FIG. 2, 400 PN yarns are interlaced in a filament weave between each pair of binder yarns to create a fabric with a weft ratio of 2: 1 of the molding side to the wearing side. Note that in figure 3 these threads PN are not shown, and only the contours of the binder threads are shown. In row B (which matches the pattern shown in FIG. 3), the first binder thread 310a passes under the 7 MH thread and crosses the second binder thread 300a that passes over the 9 MN thread, under the 11 MN thread, over the 13 MN thread and under the thread 15 MN to create the first 2 bends of your contour. The first binder yarn 310a creates its first bend in the upper layer by passing over the MN yarn 17 before it intersects the second binder yarn 300a under the 19 MN yarn. The second binder yarn 300a then passes over the yarn 21 MN, under the yarn 23 MN and over the yarn 25 MN. (The rest of the outline patterns are not shown). Figure 4 also shows how each pair of binder threads oscillates / shifts to the right by 2 threads of the upper layer MH. For example, the dot in the pattern shown on the 17 MN thread in row B appears on the 21 MN thread in row D and the 25 MN thread in row F. FIG. 4 illustrates a method for combining the first tie thread 310a and the second tie thread 300a to create a pattern calico weave in each row of the upper layer.

Figure 5 depicts a cross-section of another exemplary fabric in accordance with this invention, which also illustrates a method for interlocking a plurality of contours of binder filaments with filaments MN in the upper (molding) layer and bonding the lower (wearing side) layer. This fabric example contains a system of two binder yarns that relates to a contour pattern of 4.2, +2.2. As shown in FIG. 5, the first binder yarn 510 originates in the upper layer L1 and passes over the 1 MN thread, under the 3 MN thread, over the 5 MN thread, under the 7 MN thread, over the 9 MN thread, under the 11 MN thread, over yarn 13 MN and under the yarn 15 MN, where it intersects with the second binder yarn 500. In this method, the first binder yarn 510 creates its first four bends. This first binder yarn then passes to the lower layer L2 and is bonded to the 18 MN yarn before passing back to the upper layer, where it intersects with the second binder yarn 500 under the 23 MN yarn. At the same time, in the upper layer L1, the first binder thread 510 passes over the thread 25 MN, under the thread 27 MN, over the thread 29 MN and under the thread 31 MN with the formation of two more bends. This first binder thread runs back to the lower layer L2 and is bonded to the 38 MN thread before it returns to the upper layer to complete one repeat of the weave pattern. Thus, the first binder thread is characterized by a contour pattern of 4.2. The second binder yarn 500 originates in the lower layer L2, where it is bonded to the 8 MN thread before passing to the upper L1 layer under the 15 MN thread. The second binder thread runs over the 17 MN thread, under the 19 MN thread, over the 21 MN thread and under the 23 MN thread to create two bends of its contour. The second binder yarn runs back to the lower layer and is bonded to the 28 MN yarn before returning to the upper layer at the 31 MN yarn. The second binder yarn 500 passes over the 33 MN thread, under the 35 MN thread, over the 37 MN thread and under the 39 MN thread to create the next 2 bends of its contour and complete the rapport of the weave pattern. Therefore, the second binder thread is characterized by a contour pattern 2, 2, and the fabric is characterized by patterns of its binder threads 4.2 + 2.2. The first and second contours of the binder threads are combined to weave each other thread MN in the upper layer, thereby creating a pattern of calico in the upper layer. Binder yarns are also an integral part of the upper layer, and they are simply bonded to the lower layer. Various transformations of these patterns are also possible. For example, the fabric may be characterized by a contour of the pattern of binder yarns 2.2 + 4.2. Additionally, between the pairs of binder yarns, a different number of weft yarns can be added.

6 and 7 depict cross-sections of many contours of an exemplary fabric that do not have a calico weave pattern in the upper layer L1. As shown in FIG. 6, the first binder yarn 610 passes over the 1 MN yarn, under the 3 MN yarn, over the 5 MN yarn, crosses the lower layer L2 and is bonded to the 14 MN yarn, crosses the upper layer L1 and passes over the 21 MN yarn, under the thread of 23 MN and over the thread of 25 MN, and again crosses the lower layer and fastens with the thread of 34 MN. Whereas the second binder yarn 600 originates with a fastener with a 4 MN thread in the lower layer L2, crosses the upper layer L1 and passes over the threads 9 and 11 MN, under the 13 MN thread and over the 15 and 17 MN threads until the lower layer and the fastener cross again with a thread of 24 MN, and finally crosses back the upper layer and again passes over the threads 29 and 31 MN, under the thread 33 MN and over the threads 35 and 37 MN. The presence of such a contour determines the pattern of the upper layer, which is not a 2-jaw surface. As shown in FIG. 7, the binder yarns 700 and 710 have contours that create a non-calico weave surface pattern. The yarns 620 and 720 PN, respectively, in FIGS. 6 and 7, are weft yarns of the upper layer interwoven in a given fabric between pairs of binder yarns.

Other aspects of the present invention are that the pattern may have a precision ratio of the molding side to the wearing side equal to

1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 2, 3: 1, or any other weft ratio known in the art. The precision ratio of the molding side to the wearing side is defined in this document as the ratio of weft threads (or PN yarns) in the first layer to weft yarns in the second layer, with each pair of PN binder yarns being considered as a single weft yarn. Another relationship is the ratio of the binder weft yarns of the molding side, which is the ratio of the binder pairs in the first layer to normal PN filaments (weft yarns) in the first layer. The fabrics in accordance with this invention may have a binder weft ratio of the molding side equal to 1: 0 (100% binder pairs), 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3, etc. The ratio of warp yarns is the ratio of the MH yarns in the first layer to the second layer. This invention extends to fabrics having a warp ratio of 1: 1 (as shown in the drawings), 2: 3, 3: 2, etc. MH filaments in the upper layer can be made by vertical placement over MH filaments in the lower layer. The binder yarns can simply attach the wearing side, or they can be weaved integrally with the pattern of the wearing side. Note that these examples are merely illustrative examples of the present invention, which do not limit the present invention.

Fabrics may include monofilament yarns. These threads can be made of polyester monofilaments and / or some of them can be made of polyester or polyamide. In addition, these fabrics may contain multi-fiber threads, twisted threads or monofilament threads, two-component threads, and / or any other suitable threads known in the art. The filaments may have a circular cross-section with one or more different diameters. Furthermore, in addition to the circular cross-section, one or more threads may have a cross-section of another shape, for example a rectangular cross-section or other non-circular cross-section.

Additionally, although the invention has been described with reference to a papermaking process, it is not limited thereto.

For specialists, it should be obvious that changes to the foregoing, however, such changes should not go beyond the scope of legal protection of this invention. It should be understood that the following claims apply to such situations.

Claims (13)

1. Fabric for a paper machine containing
the first layer of thread machine direction (MN),
the second layer of threads MN,
the first system of threads transverse to the machine direction (ST), containing the first binder yarns that form the first contour weave, and the second binder yarns that weave the second contour pattern, different from the first, the first contour pattern and the second contour pattern form a non-calico surface pattern weave
moreover, the first and second binder yarns are an integral part of the first layer and are intertwined with the second layer,
both the first and second binder yarns are woven sequentially into the first layer more than once in one pattern repeat. 2. The fabric according to claim 1, which is a three-layer molding fabric. 3. The fabric according to claim 1, in which the first layer of filaments MH forms the forming side of the fabric, and the second layer of filaments MH forms its wearing side. 4. The fabric according to claim 1, in which both the first and second binder filaments pass from the second layer to the first layer more than once in one repeat of the pattern. 5. The fabric according to claim 1, additionally containing a second system of filaments PN introduced by weaving in the first layer between pairs of binder threads of the first system. 6. The fabric according to claim 1, additionally containing a third system of filaments MON introduced by weaving into the second layer. 7. The fabric according to claim 1, in which the first binder yarns and the second binder yarn combined with the creation of the weave of each thread MN in the first layer. 8. The fabric according to claim 1, which is produced in a plant with 40 heatsinks. 9. The fabric according to claim 1, which is a flat fabric. 10. The fabric according to claim 1, in which at least some of the filaments MN and filaments MON are monofilament yarns. 11. The fabric according to claim 1, in which at least some of the filaments MH and threads PN are one of the threads of polyamide or polyester. 12. The fabric according to claim 1, in which at least some of the filaments MN and filaments PN have a cross section of a round, square or other non-circular shape. 13. A tissue for a paper machine comprising
the first layer of thread machine direction (MN),
the second layer of threads MN,
the first system of threads transverse to the machine direction (ST), containing the first binder yarns that form the first contour weave, and the second binder yarns that weave the second contour pattern, different from the first, the first and second binder yarn paired with the creation of pairs of binder yarns, wherein the first contour pattern and the second contour pattern form a surface pattern of non-calico weave,
the second system of filaments PN introduced by weaving in the first layer between pairs of binder threads,
moreover, the first and second binder yarns are an integral part of the first layer and are intertwined with the second layer,
both the first and second binder yarns are woven sequentially into the first layer more than once in one pattern repeat.

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